Transcript LEED-ND: A Tool For Public Health, Environmental Quality
LEED-ND:
A TOOL FOR PUBLIC HEALTH, ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY AND COMMUNITY DESIGN
Comprehensive Planning for Healthy Cities and Communities October 26, 2006
Raimi & Associates, Inc.
AGENDA
LEED Rating System (5 min) LEED-ND Overview (5 min) Public Health and the Built Environment: Report Summary (5 min) LEED-ND Rating System (20 min) Implications for Comprehensive Plans (10 min) Raimi & Associates, Inc.
WHAT IS LEED?
Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design Developed by the US Green Building Council A leading-edge system for designing, constructing, operating and certifying the world’s greenest buildings.
Goal: TRANSFORM THE MARKET!
289 Certified Projects 2,069 Registered Projects Raimi & Associates, Inc.
LEED PRODUCTS
LEED-NC: LEED for New Construction and Major Renovations/Additions (for commercial and institutional buildings, released in 2000) LEED-EB: LEED for Existing Buildings (released 2004) LEED-CI: LEED for Commercial Interiors (released 2004) LEED-CS: LEED for Core and Shell (public release: 2005) LEED-H: LEED for Homes (public release: 2006) LEED-ND: LEED for Neighborhood Developments (public release: 2006) Raimi & Associates, Inc.
WHAT IS LEED-ND?
ND = Neighborhood Developments A LEED rating system being developed through a partnership between: US Green Building Council Natural Resources Defense Council (Smart Growth) Congress for the New Urbanism A rating system that combines elements of smart growth, urbanism, and green building Raimi & Associates, Inc.
LEED-ND TIMELINE
2003 - Partnership began 2004 - Core Committee formed May 2005 – Draft Public Health Indicators Report Sept 2005 – Public Comment Period on Draft Rating System Fall 2005 – Fall 2006 – Revisions to Rating System Based on Public Comments Pilot-Test Projects (2007) Refine Rating System (2008) LEED-ND Launch (2009) Raimi & Associates, Inc.
HOW GREEN ARE THESE PROJECTS?
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WHY IS LEED-ND NEEDED?
Land Use Patterns Impacts Natural Environment Natural Resources Energy Use Transportation Patterns and Choices Public Health Social Networks Raimi & Associates, Inc.
LAND CONSUMPTION
Increase in developed land from 1982 – 1997: 34% Average annual increase in developed land: 2.3 to 2.6% Increase in urbanized land relative to population growth: 2.65 times Raimi & Associates, Inc.
LAND CONSUMPTION
California Paves or Builds on over 400 acres daily Raimi & Associates, Inc.
DRIVING
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DRIVING
Annual growth in VMT: 3.1 % Average time commuters spend in traffic: 36 hours per year Total pavement in US: 34,500 square miles (think Illinois!) Miles of public roadways: 4 million Raimi & Associates, Inc.
CLIMATE CHANGE
Air temperature has risen 0.5 to 1.1 degrees since the late 19th Century 20th Century was warmest on record since 1400 Sea level has risen 10 cm in last 100 years Raimi & Associates, Inc.
WILDLIFE
Number of species of plants and animals native to US: 20,500 Plants and animals threatened with extinction: 32 % Development encroaching on wildlife Raimi & Associates, Inc.
CHARACTER-LESS PLACES
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PUBLIC HEALTH - OBESITY TRENDS IN ADULTS (*BMI
30, or about 30 lbs overweight for 5’4” person) 1991 1996 2004
No Data <10% 10%–14% 15%–19% 20%–24% ≥25% Raimi & Associates, Inc.
“UNDERSTANDING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PUBLIC HEALTH AND THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT”
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RESEARCH OVERVIEW
Public Health Areas Studied Physical Fitness Cardiovascular and Respiratory Health Traffic Accidents Social Capital Mental Health Raimi & Associates, Inc.
BUILT ENVIRONMENT CHARACTERISTICS
Regional location Population and employment density Mix of land uses More types of land uses More retail land uses Transit access and availability Connectivity Raimi & Associates, Inc.
BUILT ENVIRONMENT CHARACTERISTICS
Access to parks and trails Slower speeds on roads Sidewalks, crosswalks Attractive and interesting streets Bike lanes, bike trails and safe bike storage Raimi & Associates, Inc.
LEED-ND RATING SYSTEM SUMMARY
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ORGANIZATION
3 Categories Smart Location and Linkage Neighborhood Pattern and Design Green Construction and Technology Prerequisites and Credits 9 Prerequisites 47 Credits 100 Points Total Raimi & Associates, Inc.
PREREQUISITES
Smart Location Water and Wastewater Infrastructure Imperiled Species and Ecological Communities Wetland and Water Body Conservation Agricultural Land Conservation Floodplain Avoidance Open Community Compact Development Construction Activity Pollution Prevention Raimi & Associates, Inc.
SMART LOCATION
Locate on an “Infill” site.
OR Locate near transit 50% of DU’s or building entrances within ¼ mile walk of bus or ½ mile walk of BRT, light rail, heavy rail or ferry.
OR Locate near mix of uses walk distance of 6 uses ¼ mile walk distance of 4 uses or ½ mile OR Lower VMT Rates the project is lower (or will be lower) than the average rate for the metro region as a whole Prove that the average rate of VMT per occupant of Raimi & Associates, Inc.
COMPACT DEVELOPMENT
Average residential density of 7 DUs per acre or greater AND Average non-residential FAR of 0.50 or greater Raimi & Associates, Inc.
SMART LOCATION AND LINKAGE CREDITS
Brownfields Redevelopment Preferred Locations Reduced Automobile Dependence Bicycle Network Housing and Jobs Proximity School Proximity Steep Slope Preservation Site Design for Habitat or Wetland Conservation Restoration of Wetlands or Habitat Conservation Management of Habitat or Wetlands Raimi & Associates, Inc.
PREFERRED LOCATIONS (10 points)
Project Location Infill and previously developed Infill only Adjacent and previously developed Previously developed only Adjacent only AND Street Network Grid Density (street centerline miles per square mile) 40 + 30-39 20-29 10-19 Raimi & Associates, Inc.
PREFERRED LOCATIONS (10 points)
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REDUCED AUTO DEPENDENCE (7 points)
Locate near transit Total rides available per weekday 60 – 124 125 – 249 250 – 499 500 — 999 1000 or more 5 6 3 4 Points earned 2 OR Locate in area with lower than average VMT Percent of average regional per capita VMT or SOV mode share 71% to 80% 61% to 70% 51% to 60% 41% to 50% 40% or less 5 6 3 4 Points earned 2 AND car sharing (1 point) Raimi & Associates, Inc.
NEIGHBORHOOD PATTERN AND DESIGN CREDITS
Compact Development Diversity of Uses Diversity of Housing Types Affordable Rental and For Sale Housing Reduced Parking Footprint Walkable Streets Street Network Raimi & Associates, Inc.
NEIGHBORHOOD PATTERN AND DESIGN CREDITS
Transit Facilities Transportation Demand Management Access to Surrounding Vicinity Access to Public Spaces Universal Accessibility Local Food Production Community Outreach and Involvement Raimi & Associates, Inc.
WALKABLE STREETS (8 points)
Entry location Building height-to-width ratio Sidewalks Street design speed Building setback Street-level building facades On-street parking Ground floor retail Street trees Raimi & Associates, Inc.
COMPACT DEVELOPMENT (7points)
Residential Density (DU/acre) 10 to 20 Non-residential Density (FAR).
0.75 to < 1.0
Points Available 1 21 to 30 1.0 to < 1.5
2 31 to 40 41 to 50 51 to 60 61 to 70 > 71 1.5 to < 2.0
2.0 to < 2.5
≥ 2.5 and higher ≥ 2.5 and higher ≥ 2.5 and higher 3 4 5 6 7 Raimi & Associates, Inc.
AFFORDABLE HOUSING
Affordable Rental Housing 15% of rental units at 50% area median income (AMI) 30% at up to 80% AMI 1 point each; 2 for both Affordable For-Sale Housing 10% of for-sale housing at up to 80% AMI 20% at up to 120% AMI 1 point each; 2 for both Raimi & Associates, Inc.
LOCAL FOOD PRODUCTION
Allow food-producing gardens AND Option 1: Dedicate space to neighborhood farms and gardens Option 2: Purchase shares in a local Community Supported Agriculture Program Option 3: Locate within ¼ mile of an existing farmers market.
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DIVERSITY OF USES (4 points)
Locate project within a 1/2 mile walk distance of 2 uses (1 point) 4 uses (2 points) 7 uses (3 points) 10 uses (4 points) List of uses are defined as those that reduce auto use and increase walking Raimi & Associates, Inc.
GREEN CONSTRUCTION AND TECHNOLOGY CREDITS
Certified Green Buildings Energy Efficiency in Buildings Reduced Water Use Building Reuse and Adaptive Reuse Reuse of Historic Buildings Minimize Site Disturbance Through Site Design Minimize Site Disturbance During Construction Raimi & Associates, Inc.
GREEN CONSTRUCTION AND TECHNOLOGY CREDITS
Contaminant Reduction in Brownfield Remediation Stormwater Management Heat Island Reduction Solar Orientation On-Site Power Generation On-Site Renewable Energy Sources District Heating and Cooling Infrastructure Energy Efficiency Raimi & Associates, Inc.
GREEN CONSTRUCTION AND TECHNOLOGY CREDITS
Wastewater Management Recycled Content and Reused Materials Construction Waste Management Comprehensive Waste Management Light Pollution Reduction Raimi & Associates, Inc.
CASE STUDIES
Dockside Green, Victoria, BC 11-acre brownfield site located in the heart of the City of Victoria Four distinct character areas for a comprehensive mix of uses Raimi & Associates, Inc.
CASE STUDIES
Dockside Green, Victoria, BC Carshare program & mini-transit On-site renewable energy Potable water use reduction in buildings 100% sewage treatment on-site No potable water use for irrigation Green roofs LEED buildings Raimi & Associates, Inc.
CASE STUDIES
Dockside Green, Victoria, BC Market assisted housing Community advisory group Large plaza/community amphitheater North / south trail connection through the middle of the site Raimi & Associates, Inc.
CASE STUDIES
King Farm, Rockville, MD 430 acres near existing development Mixed-use, TND with historic architectural characteristics of the City of Rockville Raimi & Associates, Inc.
CASE STUDIES
King Farm, Rockville, MD Community shuttle bus Locally provided materials Adjacent to Shady Grove Metro station Tree plantings Affordable housing Integrated network of sidewalks Numerous pocket parks Most homes with shallow setbacks and front porches Raimi & Associates, Inc.
CASE STUDIES - SCORECARD Prerequisites
Location Efficiency Environmental Preservation Compact, Complete & Connected Neighborhood(s) Resource Efficiency
Totals Dockside Green King Farm
2/2 5/5 3/3 0/0 10/10 2/2 4/5 (unless easement is purchased) 3/3 0/0 9/10 Raimi & Associates, Inc.
CASE STUDIES - SCORECARD Dockside Green Credits
Location Efficiency Environmental Preservation Compact, Complete & Connected Neighborhood(s) Resource Efficiency 25/28 10/13 27/42 21/25 Innovation & Accredited Professionals
Totals
5/6
88/114 Gold King Farm
13/28 6/13 21/42 3/25 4/6
47/114 Certified
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POINT ALLOCATION
100 Points Total Points By Category Smart Location and Linkage (30 points) Neighborhood Pattern and Design (40 Points) Green Construction and Technology (30 Points) Raimi & Associates, Inc.
CREDITS WITH GREATEST IMPACT ON HEALTH
Preferred Locations (10) Walkable Streets (8) Compact Development (7) Reduce Automobile Dependence (7) Diversity of Uses (4) Housing and Jobs Proximity (3) Street Network (2) Bicycle Network (1) Access to Surrounding Vicinity (1) Access to Public Spaces (1) Access to Active Public Spaces (1) Raimi & Associates, Inc.
3-STAGE CERTIFICATION
1.
2.
3.
Preliminary Review – Pre-entitlement Plan Certification – Post Entitlement Certification of Completed Neighborhood Development – Post Construction Raimi & Associates, Inc.
IMPLICATIONS FOR COMPREHENSIVE PLANNING: 6 STRATEGIES FOR CHANGE
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REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT FRAMEWORK
4 Goals Efficient growth Multimodal transportation Housing choices Natural resource protection Required Components Land Use Transportation Water Resources Parks and Open Space Implementation Raimi & Associates, Inc.
#1: FOCUS AT A VARIETY OF SCALES
Region: Metropolis, City and Town Neighborhood, District and Corridor Block, Street, Building Raimi & Associates, Inc.
#2: LOCATE DEVELOPMENT IN APPROPRIATE LOCATIONS
Downtowns Corridors Mixed use centers Transit-oriented development Raimi & Associates, Inc.
#3: UNDERSTAND BUILDING BLOCKS OF COMMUNITY
Divide city into its component parts Map land use, design and form characteristics Understand differences and similarities; strengths and issues Understand if, how and when areas will change or stay the same Raimi & Associates, Inc.
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#4: REDUCE RELIANCE ON LAND USE MAP
Map future patterns and structures to better represent Mixed use Transportation and land use integration Relationship between urban and rural Desired character and function of different parts of the city Focus on 3 dimensional results of 2 dimensional plan Raimi & Associates, Inc.
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#5: THINK IN NEW WAYS ABOUT INFRASTRUCTURE
Think in new (and old) ways about infrastructure Treat streets and transit as shapers of place Design networks to support walkability and desired block pattern Create a foundation for context sensitive design Address connectivity Plan for transit service Raimi & Associates, Inc.
#6: INCORPORATE HEALTH THROUGHOUT PLAN
Add chapter on public health Incorporate health into all components Parks and Recreation Open Space Protection Housing Plan for implementation Zoning (form-based and conventional) Government budgets Street standards Design guidelines Raimi & Associates, Inc.
CONCLUSIONS
Built Environment is strongly linked to health outcomes LEED-ND can be used as a public health tool LEED-ND and health report can be used to guide planning and budgeting decisions Comprehensive plans District/neighborhood plans Street design standards Parks and open space plans Indicators for change Budget priorities of governments Raimi & Associates, Inc.
FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
Matt Raimi
Raimi & Associates, Inc.
510-666-1010 [email protected]
OR www.usgbc.org/leed/nd Raimi & Associates, Inc.