Transcript Volvo Bus Corporation

Plug-in and electric buses
Edward Jobson
City traffic
80
Regional traffic
Intercity traffic
>2L
60
1.4L
40
<2L
250-750 cc
125-250 cc
2L
250-750 cc
125-250 cc
Energy use per person
(g eq petrol / passenger km)
Energy use, person transports
French fleet study by ADEME
20
0
BRT* Tram Metro MC Bus Cars Volvo Bus Light Region Cars MC Volvo Coach Intercity High Car
trains speed
9700*
rail trains
7700*
trains
Hybrid
Source: ADEME, http://www2.ademe.fr/servlet/getDoc?cid=96&m=3&id=51911&p1=00&p2=12&ref=17597
* Volvo data on BRT and hybrid performance related to respective traffic conditions
Volvo Buses, Edward Jobson
Air
Well to wheel.
Making and using biogas or electricity?
Biomass to Biogas
as fuel for the bus
0
20
40
60
100
Biomass
80
Biomass to Electricity
as energy for the bus
100
0
Biogas production η 60 %
Making vehicle quality η 90 %
El production η 40 %
Cooling to LNG η 92 %
Distribution η 95 %
Distribution η 95 %
Conversion AC-DC η 95 %
ICE efficiancy η 30 %
Battery η 90 %
Volvo Buses
16
40
60
100
Biomas
Produktion η 69 %
Energy to weel
20
Conversion DC-AC η 95 %
28
El propulsion η 92 %
26
Energy to weel
26
80
100
7700 Diesel
25%
35%
37%
Fuel consumption decrease
39%
7700 Hybrid
Field test
7700
Hybrid
launch
7900
Hybrid
Light
weight
7900
Hybrid
Electric
door
Project start
2006
Volvo Buses, Edward Jobson
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Diesel
Hybrid
7700 Diesel: 8.5 l/h
7700 Hybrid: 9.6 l/h
7700 Hybrid: 6.0 l/h
Saving: 4.1 l/h
Saving: 2.5 l/h
Volvo Buses, Edward Jobson
7700 Diesel: 13.7 l/h
accelerationtillXXkm/h
peracceleration
Litreper
Liter
km/h
Fuel consumption
-required to reach speed…
Breaking from 64 km/h
= 10x breaking from 20 km/h
1.200
1.000
0.800
Empty bus 12 tonnes
0.600
0.400
0.200
0.000
0
20
40
60
Speed
km/h
Hastighetkm/h
Edwa
Volvo
rd Buses, Edward Jobson
Jobs
on
6
Full bus 18 tonnes
Tom buss 12 ton
Full buss 18 ton
Environmental
80
100
120
Volvo 7900 Plug-in Hybrid
March 2013 Field test
Beyond Euro VI Serial Production
Tram
Data
Trolley
10-20 km Electric range
5-10 min Charging time
Plug-in from all infrastructure
Energy use 30-40% of diesel
Induction
Slide-in
Volvo Buses, Edward Jobson
Charging infrastructure
-minimising cost
Bus stop with charging
Bus stop without charging
Volvo Buses, Edward Jobson
8
Electric buses
Volvo Buses, Edward Jobson
Fully Electric Buses
Strengths
Weaknesses
1, Fully electrical
2, Energy efficient (1-1.4 kWh/km)
3, Silent
4, Acceptable performance in
slow city traffic 10-15 km/h
5, Potentially compatible with tram
and trolley buses
6, Price competitive to trams and
trolleybuses
1, Additional weight or frequent
charging
2, Additional cost or limited range
3, Low uphill performance
4, Issues with hot/cold climate
5, Design impact
6, Infrastructure required
7, Cost for infrastructure
8, No infra-structure standard
9, Charge power is high
100-200 kW
Volvo Buses, Edward Jobson
The path towards Green Efficiency
City Bus Market
Hybrid
Diesel
Hybrid
Plug-in
Fully electric
2010
Volvo Buses, Edward Jobson
Future
Optimised public transports
-Daily travel
School bus
Fully electric
Feeder
Hybrid bus
+ plug-in
Volvo Buses, Edward Jobson
BRT
Hybrid bus
Down town
Hybrid bus
Fully electric
Train
Express bus
+bio fuel
Critical time ~60 minutes
30-90 km/h Bus
40-250 km/h Train
-600 km/h Air
25% of the time the bus use
75% of the energy
Volvo Buses, Edward Jobson
50% of the time buses move
10% of the distance
Volvo Buses, Edward Jobson
Summary
 Future technology parallel development
– Hybrid bus + Plug-in hybrids
– Diesel
– Fully electrical buses
 Drivers
–
–
–
–
–
–
Volvo Buses, Edward Jobson
Noise
Energy efficiency
Synergies with cars and trucks
Environmental impact less than Euro VI already today
Less dependency on oil
Low infra structure requirement
Volvo Buses, Edward Jobson
Back-up slides for discussion
Volvo Buses, Edward Jobson
Department, Name, Document name, Security Class
17 2015-07-16Date
Why Electro mobility?
The main driver for electro mobility is “Energy Efficiency”
Linked to energy efficiency is:




Low to no tailpipe emissions
Low interior and exterior noise
Low CO2 emissions
Low LCC
Drive distance with same available energy
Diesel 10 Km 48 kWh
Hybrid 14.2 km
* Technical limitations
-Range
-Charge Frequency
-Charging time
Plug-in Hybrid 25 km
Full electric (Normal bus) 34 km
Full electric (Light bus) 44 km
Volvo Buses, Edward Jobson
*
*
Green house gases
Global green house gases
Stern Report
Volvo Buses, Edward Jobson
Transport sector
Carbon dioxide emissions from power
production, European countries
Volvo Buses, Edward Jobson
7700 Hybrid Yearly Fuel Saving
25 000 l/year
20 000 l/year
15 000 l/year
10 000 l/year
Volvo Buses, Edward Jobson
Volvo Hybrid Technology
-the myth maker
Myth
Not long ago the established truth about
hybrid buses was:
Recent facts
Hybrid buses may show good results in the
laboratory, but in real traffic the saving is much
less.
Statistics from more than 200 Volvo hybrid
buses in operation shows savings of in average
32% fuel relative a new diesel bus.
Hybrid buses have low availability.
The availability is higher than for diesel buses.
In London for example 98% is reported.
Hybrid buses needs special drivers and
education.
Driver education is always positive for safety
and fuel consumption. However, hybrid buses
show high savings with all drivers.
The hybrid technology is not mature.
Out of the first ten hybrid customers eight have
already come back for additional orders.
-Once hybrids, always hybrids.
Hybrid buses are only suitable for slow and
dense city traffic.
Volvo hybrid technologyhave high fuel savings
in al types of operation from slow urban to
regional traffic.
Volvo Buses, Edward Jobson
Volvo Buses, Edward Jobson
No reason to wait, the 7900 Hybrid is the
quantum leap we all have been waiting for
No emissions at
the bus stop
37% lower fuel
consumption
50% lower
hazardous
emissions
Highest availability,
highest reliability
The productivity (VLP) is increased by
8.3% (21% when environmental load is
included)
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Comparing Technologies
Fuel saving %
40%
Volvo ISAM on 7700 hybrid as reported by customers
30%
Serial hybrid*
20%
Parallel hybrid*
10%
0%
0
10
20
30
* Commercial hybrid packages from supplier industry
50
40
60
Average speed in route (km/h)
35
European Bus Market
%
% ofFleet
population
30
Share of buses vs route
speed over full life time Data based on 10 000
Volvo buses.
25
20
15
29%
10
5
13%
5%
0
0
10
20
30
Average Speed (km/h)
Volvo Buses, Edward Jobson
18%
40
18%
50
15%
60
Average speed in route (km/h)
Volvo 7700 Hybrids
-in Europe
Exponential market growth
more than 450 hybrid buses sold
Volvo Buses, Edward Jobson
Volvo Buses European
Environmental Cost
http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=MEMO/07/594
k€ 270
Particulates
NOx
CO2
Energy
k€ 235
Volvo 7900
Diesel
Volvo Buses, Edward Jobson
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Euro VI
k€ 225
k€ 148
Volvo 7900
Biogas
Volvo 7900 Hybrid