Transcript EXFO PowerPoint Presentation

The Path to 100G
New challenges for 40G and 100G Networks
Braodband Technology Event
Arthur Moll
Rotterdam, November 10th, 2009
BDM T&D EMEA
Why is 40G - 100G introduction so difficult?




We are reaching the limits of the physics
 Limits of the optical fiber
 Limits of the optics
Traditional technologies (NRZ, DWDM, EDFAs, ROADMs, etc) have
issues at 100G
Old Rule of Thumb 4xData Rate = 2,5xCosts
 Still valid forSTM-16 to STM-64
 Not valid STM-64 to STM-256 (4xData = 5x Costs)
Mapping of 1GigE and 10GigE is difficult
 E.g. 10GigE with GFP in OTU2 muxed in OTU3
2
From 10 G to 40G or 100G – Fiber Limit
T
STM-64
STM-256
OTU-4




T= 100 ps
T= 25 ps
T= 8ps
CD Limit: 16 x less (120x)
PMD Limit: 4 x less (11x)
2nd order PMD can not be neglected anymore
Makes some current network structure un-usable
3
From 10 G to 40G or 100G – Optic Limit
10Gbps
40Gbps
100Gbps???






Faster Modulation = Broader Spectrum - FWHM Spec meaningless!
Broader Spectrum ->Peak Power is not the answer -> Integrated Power
OSNR needs to be defined&measured differently
Curve shape needs to be considered.
Can we still do WDM?
Risk of Cross-Talk.
4
“Standard” OSNR measurement method
IEC 61280-2-9
5
•OSNR measurement method
Special case of filtered signals
•Real noise
•Interpolated noise
• For filtered signals (ROADMs), Interpolation method under-estimates
the noise level as noise is « carved » with the signal by the filter
• Different paths have different Noise Contribution
6
EXFO Innovative In-band OSNR method
Polarization diversity method
• Theory: Signal is polarized and noise is depolarized
• EXFO OSA have a polarization controller and polarization
beam splitter at the input , allowing automated In-band
OSNR measurement
•Power vs
polarization
•Ppeak
•Signal
•OSNR
•Noise
•In-band
•PNoise
7
What are conditions for usable 100G System?
Conditions for usable 100G Line Side Transmision-System:
 More tolerant against CD&PMD
 Fit into WDM Grid – 100GHz, but 50GHz is better

Co-operate with existing 10G/40G channels
 Compatible with EDFAs and ROADMs
 High OSNR


High Rx Sensitivity
Low EDFA Noise
The answer:
New Transmission System with new Modulation format
8
NRZ/RZ Intensity modulation
NRZ-OOK (On/Off Keying)
vs.
RZ-OOK (On/Off Keying)
NRZ-OOK
RZ-OOK
Rx
The intensity modulation is
easily detected by direct
detection with a photo detector
9
Phase Modulation: DPSK
DPSK (Differential Phase Shift Keying):
0
p
0
0
0
p
0
1
1
0
0
1
A logical « 1 » and a « 0 » have light
A « 1 » is represented by a phase shift by p.
10
Phase Modulation: QPSK-DQPSK
QPSK/DQPSK modulation
QPSK
DQPSK
4 phases  2 bits/symbol
11
PolMuxed – Phase Modulation: DP-QPSK
DP-QPSK Modulation
Two independent Data Streams
Multiplexed with Polarization
To achieve 112 Gbit/s typical with
28 Gbaud PM-(D)QPSK
Very complex, cost intensive, but really robust!
12
Performance Overview
Ref: Can 100Gb/s wavelengths be deployed using 10Gb/s engineering rules?
StrataLight Communications Inc, Cisco Systems Inc
13
DP-QPSK Testing – Constellation Analyser
Confidential
14
IEEE 802.3ba Pluggable Modules
 CFP form factor package (86x127x14 mm / 3.4”x5.0”x0.55”)




100 GbE, 40 km on SMF (4x 25G LAN WDM, centered at 1305nm)
100 GbE, 10 km on SMF (4x 25G LAN WDM, centered at 1305nm)
40 GbE, 10 km on SMF (4x 10G CWDM, centered at 1305nm)
100 GbE, 10 km on SMF (10x 10G CWDM, centered at 1550nm)


From Santur Corporation
100 GbE, 100 m on MMF (850 nm parallel optics, 10x 10G)
 CXP form factor (approx 20x54x11 mm / 0.78”x2.13”x0.43”)


100 GbE, 100 m on MMF (850 nm parallel optics, 10x 10G)
100 GbE, 10 m on active cable
 QSFP form factor (18.4x72x8.5 mm / 0.72”x2.8”x0.33”)


40 GbE, 100m on MMF (850 nm parallel optics, 4x 10G)
40 GbE, 10 m on active cable
CONFIDENTIAL
15
Mux/Demux in PCS Lanes
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
19
18
17
MAC & PHY
aka: CFP
16
15
14
100 GbE serial bit stream
b
bits
12
8
4
13
Mux/Demux
11
0
6
14
Mux/Demux (2:5  5:10)
17
2
3
19
15
5
1
10
7
16
9
18
13
Mux/Demux (2:5  5:10)
8
4
0
16
12
3
19
15
11
7
10
6
2
18
14
8
4
0
16
12
3
19
15
11
7
10
6
2
18
14
8
4
0
16
12
3
19
15
11
7
10
6
2
18
14
11
7
10
6
2
18
14
10
6
2
18
14
10
6
2
18 14
12
8
4
#
0
0
16 12
#
1
3
#
2
19
15
#
3
11
7
#
4
#
5
#
6
13
13
#
7
9
5
1
17
9
5
1
17
9
5
1
17
#
8
#
9
Each PCS Lane is 5G bit stream
16
Implications? What needs to be tested?

148 Mio packets/s or 3xDVDs per sec



PCS Lane concept is complex and has trouble zone




BERT of complete link
BERT per PCS Lane
Skew=
Propagation Difference,
Bit delay,
Offset
PCS Lane Marker (Order, Mapping)
Lane Skew
Mapping 10x10G elec. into 4x 25G bring new challenges
Ethernet Parameter (standard)


Frame Size distribution, Errors (FCS, Runt)
ThruPut, Frame Loss
17
FTB-85100G – First portable 100G Tester
BERT
Ethernet & IP Testing


On physical lane, PCS Lane or trunk
PCS Error injection and monitoring



Bit error in Physical Lane or in PCS Lane
Invalid 64b/66b or unsupported PCS code
Invalid or duplicate PCS Lane markers
PCS Lanes


Monitors lane marker period and reports
any changes to PCS lane table
User defined or random mapping
supported
PCS Lane Skew

Dynamically change and measure PCS
lane skew
Layer 1 error/alarm injection and
monitoring
Packet Definition



User defined rate utilization
User defined MAC and IP address
User defined packet size up to 16k
Error injection and monitor Layer 2

Payload and FCS
Ethernet statistics

Jabber, giant, runt, oversize, FCS, total
frames
IP statistics

Multicast, broadcast, unicast, total
Actual bandwidth usage statistics
CONFIDENTIAL
18
85100G – Interface Specifications
Client Interfaces


Very high CFP connector insertion rating
100G CFP, 100G CXP, 40G CFP,
40G QSFP
Clocking


Stratum-3e clock with +/- 115 ppm user
controllable offset
Support 100G /112G and 40G/43G rates
OTU3 and OTU4 hardware ready


Unframed BERT (PRBS) at OTN rate
Framed OTN with parallel optics support
on roadmap
Pluggable interface controls &
monitoring



Detailed CFP interface control
Control: laser on/off & amplitude (per lane)
Monitoring: Input level (per lane),
Rx frequency
CONFIDENTIAL
19
Questions?