Transcript Slide 1

cGt/ kf6L{ nf]stGq
k|:tf]tf
vu]Gb| k|;fO{
sf7df08f} :s"n ckm n
cGt/ kf6L{ nf]stGq lsg <
!=ax'bnLo k|lt:kwf{Tds /fhg}lts k|0ffnLdf
/fhg}lts kf6L{x? g} /fhg}lts ;Ttfsf rfjL /
k|wfg cEof; stf{ x'g\ . To;sf/0f, /fhgLlt
zf;gsf] ;du| k|s[of / sfo{ljlw tjdfq
nf]stflGqs
x'g ;Dej 5 ha kf6L{x? cfGtl/s ?kn]
klg nf]stflGqs x'G5g\ . cfGtl/s
nf]stGqdf k|ofKt ?kn] cEo:t kf6L{ /
JolQmx?n] dfq /fHo ;+rfngnfO{
nf]stflGqs rl/q lbg;S5g\ .
@= nf]stGq ;f+;b / ;/sf/ 5fGg]
cfjlws k|ls|of dfq xf]Og of] t Pp6f
cfd hLjg z}nL xf] . To;sf/0f, lagf
ckjfb dflg;sf ;a} ;fj{hlgs hLjgdf o;sf
cfwf/e't dfGotfx?sf] cEof; ul/g' kb{5 .
blno Joj:yfdf kf6L{x? of] k|ls|ofsf gfos
x'g\ To;sf/0f klg pgLx? leq} of]
k|ls|ofsf] k|ofKt cEof; ul/g' kb{5 .
o;f] u/]/ dfq} nf]stGqnfO{ /fHo /
;dfhdf lj:tf/ / ljslzt ug{ ;lsG5 .
g]kfndf cGt/kf6L{ nf]stGqsf d"Vo
;d:ofx?M
s_ clwsf+z lg0f{ox? s]Gb|n] jf s]Gb|sf]
lgb]{zgdf ul/g] .
v_ kf6L{sf dxTjk"0f{ sfo{sf/L kbx?df klg
;Dk"0f{ ?kdf lgjf{lrt gu/L dgf]gog ul/g]
.
u_ kf6L{sf clws dxTjk"0f{x? ljleGg txsf
clwj]zgx? a9L sd{sf08Lo ePsf] .
nf]stGqdf 5nkmn clt dxTjk"0f{ s'/f xf]
t/ dxflwj]zg / clwj]zgx?df cfpFg]
k|ltlglw ;+Vof, ;don] uxg 5nkmnnfO{
cg'dlt lbFb}g .
cGt/ kf6L{ nf]stGqsf] ;+j}wflgs Aoa:yf
M
kf6L{ s;/L rNg' k5{ eGg] s'/f cfGtl/s
dfdnf xf] <
;fj{hlgs dxTjsf] ljifo klg cfGtl/s
dfdnf x'G5 <
kf6L{x? ;+ljwfg eGbf dfly x'G5g\ <
hd{gL -hd{gLsf] cfwf/e't sfg'g wf/f @! !_ _
æ/fhgLlts kf6L{x?sf cfGtl/s ;+u7g
nf]stflGqs l;4fGt cg';f/ x'g'k5{Æ
:k]g -wf/f ^_
æpgLx?sf] cfGtl/s ;+/rgf / ;+rfng
nf]stflGqs x'g'k5{Æ
kf]r{'un -wf/f %! -!_ _
æ/fhgLlts kf6L{x? kf/bzL{tf, nf]stflGqs
;+u7g / Aoa:yfkg, / ;a} ;b:ox?sf]
;xefuLtf h:tf l;2fGtaf6 lglb{i6
x'g]5gÆ
lkmGn]G8 -/fhgLlts kf6L{ ;+alGw P]g,
!(^(_
æpgLx?sf] cfGtl/s ;+/rgf / ;+rfng
nf]stflGqs x'g'k5{Æ
g]kfn -cGtl/d ;+ljwfg @)^#, wf/f !$@_
æ/fhg}lts bnx?sf] lawfg / lgodfjnL
nf]stflGqs x'g'k5{Æ
æ===bnsf] k|Tos txdf kbflwsf/Lx?sf]
lgjf{rg x'g] Aoa:yf x'g'k5{Æ .
cGt/ kf6L{ nf]stGqsf] sfo{Gjog
!=pQ/bfloTj / clVtof/Lsf] afF8kmfF8
o; cGt{ut kf6L{sf ljlEfGg txsf sldl6x?nfO{
y'k|} dxTjk"0f{ lg0f{ox? ug]{ ;Dk"0f{
clVtof/L / pQ/bfloTj lbg ;lsG5 . o; dWo]
Pp6f clws dxTjsf] ljifo lgjf{rgsf nflu
kf6L{sf pd]4f/x?sf] 5gf}6 x'g;S5 .
o:tf pDd]bjf/x? s]Gb|n] rog ug]{
s]lGb|s[t k|ls|ofsf] ;§f ;DalGwt txaf6 g}
ug]{ Aoa:yf . o;df klg b'Oj6f k|ls|of
x'g;S5g\ . klxnf], ;DalGwt kf6L{ sld6L
/ hgjuL{o ;+u7gx?sf] a[xt ;Dd]ng jf
e]nfaf6 pDd]bjf/sf] 5gf}6 .
bf];|f], ;DalGwt lgjf{rg If]qsf ;a} kf6L{
;b:ox?sf] k|ToIf dt ;+u|xaf6 pDd]bjf/sf]
5gf]6 . o:tf] k|ls|ofnfO{ k|fylds lgjf{rg
(Primary Election) elgG5 .
@= g]t[Tjsf] lgdf0f{ / ;'kl/a]If0f
kf6L{sf ;a} txsf g]t[Tj / sfo{sf/L kbx?
;Dk"0f{ ?kn] nf]stflGqs lgjf{rg
k|ls|of dfkm{t rog ug]{ . dgf]gogsf]
k|ls|ofnfO{ Go'lgs/0f ub}{ cGt ug]{ .
kf6L{ ;b:ox?4f/f g]t[Tj / sfo{sf/L kbsf
JoflQmx?sf] ;'kl/a]If0f ug]{ ;+oGq nfu'
ug]{ . o;sf nflu lgoldt 5nkmn Pp6f ljlw
x'g ;S5 eg], k|TofXjfg (Recall)
csf]{ x'g ;S5 .
o:tf] k|ls|ofn] rfs/L, 7fn'afb / g]tfd'lv
k|j[lQsf] lj?4df ;+fu7flgs ;+/rgf ;[hgf
ul/lbG5 / ;a} kf6L{ ;b:ox?nfO{ kf6L{
hLjgdf j9L ;s[o u/fpF5 .
#= ljrf/wf/f gLlt / sfo{s|dsf] lgdf0f{
kf6L{sf] ljrf/wf/f / ljleGg ;Gbe{df nfu'
x'g] gLlt / sfo{s|dsf] lgdf0f{df kf6L{sf]
;Dk"0f{ ;b:ox?sf] ;r]t / u'0ffTds ;xefuLtf
x'g' cfjZos 5 .
To;}n], o:tf ljifox?df lg0f{o ug'{ eGbf
cufl8 ;Dk"0f{ kf6L{ ;b:ox?nfO{ oL
ljifox? a'em\g], 5nkmn ug]{ / wf/0ff
agfpFg] k|ofKt ;do / cj;/ lbg'kb{5 .
/ g]t[Tjn] o; lbzfdf ;Dk"0f{ kf6L{
;b:ox?nfO{ pT;flxt ug'{ kb{5 . o:tf]
ljifodf lg0f{o kf6L{sf] Pp6f ;fgf]
;d'xn] ug'{ x'Fb}g . o:tf] Jofks
;xeflutf g} pQm lg0f{osf] a}wtfsf]
cfwf/ x'g]5 .
$= lg0f{o k|ls|of
k|To]s ;b:onfO{ ;DalGwt sldl6df ;dfg
x}l;otdf 5nkn / lg0f{o k|ls|ofdf efu lng]
clwsf/ / pQ/bfloTj x'g'k5{ . c;dfg
ZflQm ;+/rgf xfjL x'gx'Gg . kb /
;+/rgfsf] zlQm / k|efjsf] k|of]u ug{
gkfO{g] x'g'k5{ .
;+ej eP ;Dd k|ofKt v'nf 5nkmnsf]
dfWodaf6 ;a{;Ddt x'g], geP ax'dtaf6
lg0f{o ug]{ . o;/L 5nkmn ug]{ k|ls|ofn]
dfq 7"nf] dfqdf l:js[tL x'g] l:yltsf]
lgdf0f{ ub{5 . lg0f{osf cGt/a:t';Fu c;xdlt
/fVg] ;b:ox?n] klg
lg0f{osf] k|ls|of k|ofKt nf]stflGqs x'g]
x'gfn] lg0f{osf] sfo{Gjogdf ;xdlt lbG5g\
. To;sf/0f o:tf] k|ls|ofdf ;b:osx?jLr sf]
5nkmn / dt g} a}wftfsf] cfwf/ x'g hfG5
.
lg0f{o k|ls|ofsf] csf]{ plQg} dxTjk"0f{
s'/f xf] kf/blz{tf . ;a} kf6L{ sldl6sf
lg0f{o k|ls|of / lg0f{ox? s]lx vf; cj:yfdf
afx]s v'nf x'g' kb{5 . o:tf] k|ls|ofsf sf/0f
ljlelGg txsf g]tfx?sf lgot Ifdtf /
b[li6«sf]0f :ki6 ?kn] ;fj{hlgs x'G5g\ /
kf6L{ ;b:ox?nfO{ g]tfx?sf]
cWoog u/L pgLx?sf] af/]df wf/0f
agfpFg] Pp6f v'Nnf / nf]stflGqs cj:yf
;[hgf x'G5 . o:tf] k|ls|ofn] kf6L{
;b:ox?sfjLr x'g] ;f}bfafhL / gfhfoh
;lds/0f / u7aGwgnfO{ Go"g ug{
;xof]uLsf] e"ldsf v]Nb5 .
%=kf6L{ ;b:ox?df j}1flgs lrGtg
M
lj1fg s] xf] <
;TotYosf] vfhL ug]{ k4ltnfO{ lj1fg
elgG5 .
lj1fgjfbLdf x'g'kg]{ u'0fx? M
!=
cWoog ug]{ tyf ;';'lrt x'g]
em''sfa (Inquisitive Mind) M
/fi6«sf tdfd d'4f, ;/sf/sf gLlt, kf6L{sf
gLlt, / g]tf / cGo ;b:ox?sf Ifdtf,
b[li6sf]0f / ls|ofsnfksf af/]df lg/Gt/
;';'lrt /xg] .
7Ls j]7Ls sf] lg0f{o ;To tYosf cfwf/df
ug]{ ;}4flGts k|j[lt .
@= v'Nnf lbdfu (Open
Mind) c?sf s'/f, ts{ OToflb ;'Gg],
tYok"0f{ / ts{k"0f{ ljrf/nfO{ u|x0f
ug]{ / cfkm\gf dfGotfx? ts{k"0f{ /
tYok"0f{ 5}gg\ eg] TofUb} hfg] .
#= cfnf]rgfTds r]tgf (Critical
Mind) M
s'g}klg dfGotf jf l;4fGtnfO{ ;xh}
:jLsfb{}g . To;sf tYo / ts{x?sf] ulx/f]
cWoog u5{ . tYo / ts{x? l7s ePdfq
:jLsf5{ .
k|ofKt cWoog u/]/dfq lg:sif{df k'Ug]
/ wf/0ff agfpFg] k|j[lt .