Transcript Animal Science and the Industry

Exploring the Dairy Industry
Lesson 2
Common Core/Next Generation
Science Standards Addressed
• CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RH.9-10.4 - Determine the meaning of words
and phrases as they are used in a text, including vocabulary
describing political, social or economic aspects of history/social
science.
• CCSS.ELA-Literacy.WHST.9-10.2a - Introduce a topic and organize
ideas, concepts, and information to make important connections and
distinctions; include formatting (e.g., headings), graphics (e.g.,
figures, tables), and multimedia when useful to aiding
comprehension.
Bell Work
• Name as many breeds of dairy cattle as
you can?
• How many dairy products did you eat
yesterday?
• How does the cows stomach differ from
yours?
Student Learning Objectives
• Identify major external parts of dairy cattle.
• Describe major internal parts of dairy
cattle.
• Discuss selection of cattle to encourage
herd improvement.
• Explain dairy marketing options.
• Explore the six major breeds of dairy cattle
used for milking.
Terms
• Artificial Insemination
(AI)
• Beef
• Butterfat
• Cattle by-products
• Crossbreeding
• Culling
• Dairy Herd
Improvement (DHI)
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Gestation
Mammary system
Outcrossing
Parturition
Purebreeding
Reproductive system
Testes
Veal
What are the major external parts
of a dairy cow?
Major external parts of a dairy cow
What are the major internal parts of
dairy cattle?
Terms
• Digestive system
– The system that breaks down feed into energy, that is used for
all basic life functions.
• Reproductive system
– The system used to reproduce cattle by natural, in vitro, and
various artificial methods of insemination.
• Mammary system
– System that produces milk after parturition.
Digestive System
Reproductive System
• Male system
– Serves the purpose of producing sperm cells
and the male sex hormones.
• Female system
– Serves the purpose of producing eggs and
the female sex hormones estrogen &
progesterone.
Mammary System
• Produces milk
– Milk contains butterfat, the butterfat is used to
produce products like: butter & cheese.
• Includes
– Teats, udder, fore and rear udder
attachments, alveoli, suspensory ligaments,
mammary veins, and milk wells.
Parts of the Mammary System
How do I select cattle to improve
my herd?
Terms
• Culling
– removing animals from your herd based on a set
criteria or other situations that may arise
• Dairy Herd Improvement Program (DHI)
– national dairy testing and record keeping program
through which you test your herd and compare it with
other herds
• Artificial Insemination (AI)
– a method, other than natural mating, used to bring the
sperm in contact with eggs. Its man advantage is
increasing the availability of superior genes to the
heard
How do I select cattle to improve
my herd?
Terms
• Purebreeding
– the mating of a purebred animal to another purebred
animal
• Outcrossing
– the mating of an unrelated male and female of the
same breed
• Crossbreeding
– mating one breed of cattle to a recognized, but a
different breed
How do I select cattle to improve
my herd?
• Purebreeding system
– improves your herd by keeping registration papers
– become familiar with genetics
• Outcrossing system
– helps produce hybrid vigor within the breed
• Crossbreeding system
– higher production and more resistance to disease
– disadvantages
• not able to register animals
• difficult to predict what offspring may look like
What are some of the marketing
options with dairy cattle?
Terms
• Veal
– meat of young calves that are not used for
replacement animals
• Beef
– meat from cattle
• Cattle by-products
– products made from various parts of the cattle
What are some of the marketing
options with dairy cattle?
Milk
• Milk can be sold for fluid consumption.
• Milk can be sold to processing plants that
produce products like cheese and yogurt.
• Milk can be sold to a dehydration plant to make
powdered milk for increased shelf life.
• Milk can also be sold to processing plants that
produce protein powders and other dietary
supplements.
What are some of the marketing
options with dairy cattle?
Veal
• Calves fed a specific diet to keep color of lean
meat in carcass a light pink
• Usually under 3 months of age
• Fed a diet of milk only
Beef
• Cows no longer profitable because of age,
production or reproduction
• Sold for slaughter and used for beef
• Male offspring not used for breeding
What are some of the marketing
options with dairy cattle?
Cattle by-products
• Come from the:
– carcass, fat, bones, glands, intestines, brains,
heart, and many other places
• Examples of cattle by-product products:
– cat food, dog food, medicines, marshmallows,
cosmetics, furniture and clothing
Interesting Dairy Facts
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Milk
Important to economy because it is used in a variety of
products
Average American uses about 600 pounds of milk /milk
products per year
The dairy industry must produce over 150 million pounds
of milk annually to keep up with American demand
Can use bovine growth hormone (BGH) to increase milk
production for extended periods of time
The most numerous diary breed is the Holstein.
• New Mexico leads the nation in annual production per
cow
• New Mexico produces 20% of the nations cheese!
Interesting New Mexico Dairy
Facts
• New Mexico has the highest production
per cow rate in the country
• The top 3 dairy producing counties in New
Mexico are:
• Chaves
• Curry
• Roosevelt
Explore the six major breeds of
dairy cattle used for milking.
Objective #5
The Six Major Breeds of Dairy
Cattle
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Holstein
Ayrshire
Brown Swiss
Jersey
Milking Shorthorn
Guernsey
Holstein
• Most popular breed
• makes up 90% of dairy
cattle in the U.S.
• Came from Netherlands
in 1600’s
• Black & white
• very large animals
• produce large average
amount of milk per cow
• milk is lower in butterfat
and protein
Ayrshire
• Originated in Scotland
• Light to dark cherry
red, browns, and
white in any
combination
• Polled
• Known for strong feet
& legs, grazing ability,
and well-attached
udders
Brown Swiss
• Originated in the Alps
of Switzerland
• Solid brown in color
• Nose & tongue are
black
• light-colored band
around muzzle
• higher fat and protein
ratio than Holstein
• Calm disposition
• At one time a dual
purpose animal
(meat)
Guernsey
• Originated in the
island of Guernsey
• color is mostly fawn
with white markings
• smaller calves
• their milk color is
golden in color
because of hi
butterfat
• popularity has
declined- low
production
Jersey
• Originated in the island of
Jersey
• vary in color but can be fawn,
near white, grayish, with or
without white markings
• known for udder qualities
– well shaped with strong
attachments
• Low in milk production
• butterfat & protein is the
highest
• increasing in popularity
• small breed
Milking Shorthorn
• Originated in England
• any combination of
red and white, just red
or just white
• very adaptable
• commonly used for
beef & dairy
• a fairly new breed
designated as a dairy
breed in 1968
The End!