Transcript Standards in E

Standards in E-Governance
Suchitra Pyarelal
Technical Director
E-Governance Standards
NIC
Agenda
• Existing Scenario of E-Governance Applications
• E-Governance Standards: Background
• Objectives
• Approach , Steps and Methodology
• E-Governance Standards :
– Open Standards
– Patents in Standards
– National Considerations
– Challenges
– Government Policies
– Summary
– Principles
• E-Governance Standards
– Areas Identified for Standardisation
– Areas :Working Groups
• Working Groups – Status and Roadmap
E-Governance Standards
Existing Scenario of E-Governance Applications
– Developed independently as stand-alone systems
– Too much data and not enough information
– No common data architecture
– Isolated domains of information
– Too expensive to bridge
E-Governance Standards
E-Governance Standards : Objectives
• Increased Adaptibility & Flexibility
• Interoperability
• Data Preservation
• Reduction of vendor lock-in
• Emphasis on Integration in a non-proprietary form
• “Platform-Independent” modelling approach
E-Governance Standards
NEGP –Mission Mode Projects (MMPs)
Central
State
Industry
Initiative
Income
Tax
* Banking
* Insurance
Emplmt.
Exchange
Integrated
E Procurement
Agriculture
e-BIZ
Land
Records
Police
Central
Excise
E-Office
EDI
Pensions
Transport
Registration
E Courts
Passports/Visa
&
Immigration
India Portal
EG Gateway
Common
Service
Centers
Treasuries
Municipalities
Gram
Panchayats
National ID
E-Governance Standards
Commercial
Taxes
MCA21
E-Governance Standards : Vision
• Faster, improved and efficient services
• Shared resources and services
• Productivity increase
• Standards-based approach in all e-Governance
application developments by multiple agencies.
E-Governance Standards
E-Governance Standards :Background
• Core Group on Standards constituted in 2004
– Chair –Director General,NIC
– Initial set of key areas identified for Standardisation
– Processes for adoption of Standards in appropriate
steps/stages
– Institutional Mechanism
• NIC entrusted with the responsibility in Sept 2005
• E-Governance Standards Division set up in Nov 2005
E-Governance Standards
Approach and Steps taken
• Institutional Mechanism & Processes
• Brainstorming Sessions
• State Level Workshops
• National Summits
• Formation of Task Force
• Key Areas Identified for Standardisation
• Formation of Working Groups
E-Governance Standards
Approach and Steps taken
Institutional Mechanism & Processes
NIC (e-Governance Standards Division)
White papers
Constitution of Working Groups
WG 1
WG 2
WG 3
WG N
Standards
APEX BODY
Approved Standards
STQC (e-Governance Standards Division)
Publish, Conformance & Certification
E-Governance Standards
Working Groups with members
(part time/full time) from DIT,
Associations, Industry, Academia,
representatives from Central &
State Government etc constituted
with the approval of DIT
Apex
Body
under
the
Chairmanship of Secretary, DIT
with senior representatives
from Government, NASSCOM,
BIS etc with a mandate to
Approve, Notify & Enforce
Standards
formulated
by
various Working Group.
Internet
Approach and Steps taken-IM&P
E-Governance Standards Division of NIC
Key Functions
• To Steer and manage the Standardization activities
under NEGP;
• To Provide Secretariat to the Working Groups , Apex
Body;
• Coordinate with the Working Groups , Apex Body and
other bodies;
• Implementation of the Portal – A powerful
Collaborative medium;
E-Governance Standards
Approach and Steps taken IM&P
Apex Body
– Secretary, DIT,
Chairman
– Secretary, Department of Law
– Representative from Planning Commission
– Representative from Dept. of Expenditure
– Additional Secretary DAR&PG
– DG NIC
– DG, STQC
– DG, CDAC
– DG, BIS
– Secretary (IT), Government of Uttaranchal
– Secretary (e-Governance), Govt. of Karnataka
– Nandan Nilekani, Member, National Knowledge Commission
– President NASSCOM
– Executive Director, MAIT
– JS(eGOV), DIT
– JS&FA, DIT
– Director (eGovernance) DIT
E-Governance Standards
Member Convener
Approach and Steps taken
Brain Storming Sessions & State Level Workshops
Brainstorming Sessions
State Level Workshops
• Chennai
• Kerala
• Mumbai
• Guwahati
• Ahmedabad
• Bangalore
• Chandigarh
E-Governance Standards
• West Bengal
• Orissa
• Andhra Pradesh
National Summits
Approach and Steps taken
• E-Forms
• Identity Management
• Digital Preservation & Information Life Cycle Management
• Enterprise Architecture
• E-Mail Services & Architecture
• Enterprise Portal Design
• Application Development Strategy
• Auto-Identification Technologies
• Meta data and Data Standards
• Web Services & Localisation
• Information Security
• Client Level Security
• Online Auditing
• E-Office
E-Governance Standards
National Summits : Task Force
Approach and Steps taken
Task Force : To prepare the Policy and Guidelines based on the
recommendations of the National Summit.
• Task Force on e-Forms constituted
Chairman: Dr.S.C.Gupta,STD,NIC
Draft Policy and Guidelines under finalisation
Structure of the Policy Document finalised
• Task Force on Identity and Access Management Constituted
Chairman : Prof.S.I.Ahson
Dept. of Computer Science
Jamia Milia
E-Governance Standards
Principles for Selection of Standards for
adoption in E-Governance
E-Governance Standards: Open Standards
• Standards that are publicly available for implementation
• All Interested parties should be able to participate in
development
• Essential intellectual property rights(IPR) may be included so
long as these IPR can be made available under nondiscriminatory terms and a reasonable fee or no fee at all
(RAND terms)
E-Governance Standards
E-Governance Standards:
Open Standards & Patents
• Most Standards Bodies eg: IETF,OASIS,W3C,ISO prefer no
patents
• But they do allow the inclusion of patents that can be licensed
under Reasonable and Non-Discriminatory Terms (RAND) terms
in their Standards
• Patent Policies revolve around RAND policy,either with some
form of royalty payment or royalty free or a mixture of both
• Some Organisations do not consider a RAND encumbered
standard as an Open Standard eg:European Union's EGovernance Interoperability Framework project
E-Governance Standards
E-Governance Standards: National Considerations
• Enables electronic National records and data to be
stored in open file format.
• Ensures interoperability of National ICT applications
and facilitates data interchange
• Prevents over-reliance on foreign technologies
/products
• Enables smaller local vendors to participate in
National Projects
• Assist Free and Open Source(FOSS) to be promoted.
E-Governance Standards
E-Governance Standards : Challenges
• Open Standards not available or not mature enough
for a required technology
– Use de facto standard that is publicly published and freely
available for implementation
– Encourage owner of de facto standard to submit to open
standards body for adoption/adaption as a standard
• Entrenched usage of a Proprietary Standard-not
practical to ignore it
– Phase it out slowly,in the interim,work towards
interoperability with open standards installations and/or
use file format conversion tools
E-Governance Standards
E-Governance Standards: Government Policies
• More and more public sector agencies all over the world have
policies that require open standards;
• Most e-Government projects have the
Framework that specifies open standards;
Interoperability
• If more countries are to insist on open standards, more vendors
will be forced to open their file formats and technology
specifications;
• No good reason for an organisation not to mandate open
standards .No vendor can reasonably complain about
procurement terms mandating open standards
E-Governance Standards
E-Governance Standards:Summary
• Interoperability is crucial-Conformance to Standards
needed;
• Standards that are open and non-discriminatory
preferred
– No dependence on any single entity,all types of products
can implement them and all interested parties can partake
in their development;
• Most governments specifying open standards in their
IT policies.
(Norway,Denmark,UK,Netherlands,France,Brazil,Australia,New
Zealand,Malaysia)
E-Governance Standards
E-Governance Standards: Principles
• Easy accessibility for all to read and use/implement;
• Developed by a process that is open and relatively
easy for anyone to participate in;
• No control or tie-in by any specific group /person /
entity
– Main disagreement is in whether to consider Standards that
contain RAND-encumbered patents or not;available royalty free
or at minimal cost, with other restrictions
E-Governance Standards
Areas of Standards in E-Governance
Areas of Standardisation
• Technical Standards and E-Governance Architecture
• Network and Information Security Standards
• Meta data and Data Standards
• Localisation and Language Technology Standards
• Quality and Documentation Standards
• Legal Enablement of ICT Systems
• Governance Process Re-engineering*
•
*being constituted
E-Governance Standards
Areas of Standardisation- Working Groups
Working Group
Chairman
• Technical Standards & EGovernance Architecture
• Prof.S.Krishna,IIM Bangalore
• Network & Information
Security
• Prof.N.Balakrishnan,IISC
Bangalore
• Metadata & Data Standards
• Prof.C.R.Muthukrishnan
• Quality & Documentation
• Localisation & Language
Technology Standards
• Legal Enablement of ICT
Systems
E-Governance Standards
• Dr.S.Sarnot,DG,STQC
Dr.Narayanamurthy
• Justice Somasekhara
Technical Standards & E-Governance
Architecture
WG1-Technical Standards & E-Governance Architecture
Scope
1. Development based on Open standards.
2. Platform Independence.
3. Reusable Component based development.
4. Policies and Guidelines for Systems Development
E-Governance Standards
WG1-Technical Standards & E-Governance Architecture
Areas
1. Enterprise Architecture
2. Interoperability Framework
E-Governance Standards
WG1-Technical Standards & E-Governance Architecture
Sub Groups Under TSEGA
1. Enterprise Architecture
Coordinator – Mr.Neel Ratan,Executive Director,PwC
2. Standards Taxonomy
Coordinator –Mr.Jaijit Bhattacharya,Sun Microsystems
3. Standards Process
Coordinator- Dr.Shankara Prasad,CEO,INKROMA
4. Interoperability Framework for e-Governance
Coordinator-Mr.Ramesh Singh,Senior Technical Director,NIC
E-Governance Standards
WG1-Technical Standards & E-Governance Architecture
TSEGA
Brain Storming Session – Feb 17th 2006 at IIM Bangalore
Working Group Meetings
First Working Group Meeting
- 3rd March 2006
Second Working Group Meeting - 24th July 2006
State Level Workshops at Kerala, West Bengal , Orissa,
Andhra Pradesh
E-Governance Standards
Summary of Brainstorming Session
1.
A Study of the U.S Federal Enterprise Architecture (FEA) in the Indian Context needs to be taken up. The
model could first be studied in terms of successful projects of NIC. A National E-Governance EA could then
be formulated.
2.
A comprehensive list of Standards need to be made so as to arrive at the framework of Technical Standards
of the E-Governance Architecture model. The relevant Specification standards can be plugged to this
framework which will also aim to define the complete information system implementation in the Indian
context. Base list of provided by manager, Bangalore One can be taken for the broad description of
standards to begin with.
3.
Process of evolution of standards that include the norms and prescribe the various processes for evolution of
standards need to brought out. Legal aspects of standardization process need to be factored into the
framework.
4.
The scope must involve a flexible and comprehensive architectural model that supports development of
complete requirements of all e-Governance initiatives in India (G2G, G2B, G2C, G2E, G2X) .
5.
Conceptual architecture is the combination of process architecture, application architecture and technical
architecture. The next level to be looked into is the process architecture that has both the private and
public processes.
6.
Standards for Process Level interoperability need to be addressed.
7.
To summarize, Architecture, Interoperability standards and Reuse, Project implementation, Project
management, sustenance and service quality standards may be the major focus.
E-Governance Standards
WG1-Technical Standards & E-Governance Architecture
Activities
Sub Group I
Identification of Enterprise Architecture Components
High Level EA Framework
Top Level Detailing of each EA component.
Sub Group II
Working Draft on Standards Taxonomy Prepared
Sub Group III
The Standards Process Document prepared
Submitted to Quality & Documentation Working Group
Sub Group IV
Under process of finalsiation of IFEG Version 3.0
E-Governance Standards
Key Recommendations of First Working Group
• Enterprise Architecture model in the Indian Context
• Taxonomy of Standards
• Processes for Evolving Standards
E-Governance Standards
Key Recommendations of Second Working Group
• Enterprise Architecture Top Level Detailing
• Legal Aspects to be included in the framework
• Interoperability Framework to include “Gateway”
E-Governance Standards
Vision,
Plans &
Programmes
Organisation
Architecture
Data
Architecture
Process
Architecture
Technology
Architecture
(Including
Application
Architecture)
Legal Architecture
Security Architecture
Performance
Management
Framework
E-Governance Standards
Best
Practices /
Standards /
Guidelines
Repository
Services
Architecture
Expected Deliverables
• Provides business with a systematic approach to describing their
business:
– common language (e.g., “client”, “service”, “goal”) to describe the
business
– identify gaps in service delivery models
• Highlights the interdependencies in service delivery across organisation
boundaries:
– across ministries
– within ministries across traditional program delivery boundaries
• Identifies gaps in business requirements early in design cycle
• Lays foundation for re-use of data, applications and technology
(component-based physical design)
• Introduces discipline in developing, documenting and disseminating
standards (data, applications, technology, security)
• Facilitates cross-project communications through extensive user
involvement
E-Governance Standards
WG1-Technical Standards & E-Governance Architecture
Interoperability Framework
• Reference model of basic technical specifications
• Set of Technology Standards
• Guidelines for Platform-Independent Applications
• development.
E-Governance Standards
Layered Model
E-Governance Standards
Technical Standards & E-Governance Architecture
Aug
06
1.Enterprise Architecture Framework
1.1
Enterprise Architecture Framework Top Level
Detailing of Components
1.2
Review by Chairman and Working Group Members
1.2
Preparation of RFP for inviting EOI
2. Interoperability framework and
Technical Standards
2.1 Working Draft
2.2 Review Stage
E-Governance Standards
Sept0
6
Oct
06
Nov
06
Dec
06
Jan
07
Feb
07
Mar
07
Network and Information Security
Standards
WG2-Network & Information Security
Agenda
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Goals (TOR)
Methodology
Schedule
Current Status
What has been done
E-Governance Standards
WG2-Network & Information Security
Terms of Reference
•
Advise on development of required White Papers for discussion in the Working Group to
evolve standards;
•
Evolve Standards;
•
Manage interaction with similar initiatives and standards bodies elsewhere in the world;
•
Nominate members on various International standards committees and continuously strive
towards key roles for India in such international forums;
•
Define the scope of any deliverables, expected milestones, and the process for the group
participants to approve the release of these deliverables (including publishing intermediate
results);
•
Determine any dependencies of other entities on the deliverables of this group;
•
Define the expected level of involvement by the members of the Team (e.g., to track
developments, write and edit technical reports, , etc.);
•
Must also include an estimate of the expected time commitment from participants;
•
Requirements that a quorum of group participants support any formal decision of the group;
•
Change control of the Draft standard document and Version Management.
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Create a supporting framework for implementation and testing
•
Setting timeline for the release of initial set of standards to the Apex Body of Standards of
DIT.
E-Governance Standards
WG2-Network & Information Security
Methodology
Conducting Workshops,
Summits
Phase I
E-Governance Standards
Preparation of
standards/guideline
documents
Test and Evaluation
Phase II
Approval by Apex Body
Roll Out Mode
Preparation of Approach
Papers, White Papers
Delivery Mode
Project Initiation Mode
Identification of
standards/guidelines
documents
Formation of Working
Group
Certification
Accreditation
Phase III
Schedule
Phase I
Feb’06-Oct ‘06
1) Formation of working Group
2) Approach Papers/White Papers
3) Brain Storming/Workshops
4) Identification of deliverable standards/guidelines
5)Preparation of draft standards/guidelines documents
6) Review by Working Group
7) Test and evaluation/gap analysis
8) Approval by Apex body
9) Certification, Accriditation
E-Governance Standards
Phase II
Phase III
Nov ‘06-Mar ‘07
Mar’06-July ‘07
WG2-Network & Information Security
Status
Action
Status
Formation of WG

Approach papers/white papers

Brain storming, Workshops

Identification of deliverables

Preparation of draft documents
In progress
E-Governance Standards
WG2-Network & Information Security
Working Group
• Prof N. Balakrishnan, IISC
Chairman
• Dr B.K.Gairola, NIC
• Prof S.V.Raghavan, IIT,
Chennai
• Prof B.N.Jain, IIT, Delhi
• Mr Vijay Madan, CDOT
• Mr B.J.Srinath, DIT
• Ms Renu Budhiraja, DIT
• Dr C.B.Misra, CMC
• Mr N.Rajendran, IDRBT
• Dr P.Upender Rao, SBIICM
• Dr Atul Sen, DLRL
• Dr C.R.Chakravarthy,
Cryptography Consultant
E-Governance Standards
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Mr R.Ravi, HCL
Mr Sanjay Debnath, Intel
Mr Mukhesh saini, Microsoft
Mr Devjoy Choudhury, NISG
Mr Mohan Ram, CDAC
Mr Jaijit Bhattacharya, SUN
Micro
Mr Umang Bedi, Symantec
Mr Subramanyan Nagaraj,
CISCO
Dr Bhanu Murty, RAMCO
Mr Rameesh kailasam, Oracle
Mr Sukhbir Singh, BIS
WG2-Network & Information Security
Some of the Approach papers and White papers produced
• Approach Paper on NISS
• Network and Information security Framework
• Significance of Standards
• Network and Information Security Standards and
Policies
• Comprehensive Threat management
• Data Back up and Recovery
• Data Centre standards
E-Governance Standards
WG2-Network & Information Security
Brainstorming, Workshops and Summits
Date
Location
Event
27.02.06
Chennai
Brain storming
12.05.06
Bangalore
Working Group Meet
15.05.06
Thiruvananthapuram
Workshop
02.06.06
Kolkata
Workshop
19.06.06
Bhubaneswar
Workshop
27.07.06
Delhi
National summit on IAM
20.09.06
Hyderabad
Workshop
26.09.06
Bangalore
Workshop
E-Governance Standards
WG2-Network & Information Security
Areas
(deliverables )identified
• Preparation of National Information Security Policy
document
• Security categorization and Mapping
– Guidelines for Security categorization (low, medium and high
risk environment)
• Security Risk Assessment
– Guidelines for Security threat and risk assessment
– Catalogue of e-Gov threat factors
– Risk assessment checklists and Tools
• Security Requirement Specification
– Guidelines on security assurance and creation of security
requirement specification
– Guidelines for selection of Information Technology Security
products and Services
E-Governance Standards
WG2-Network & Information Security
Areas (deliverables) identified
• Security Planning
– Guidelines for Developing Security Plans for Information
Technology Systems (Sample security manual and procedures)
– ISO 27001 questionnaire
– Guidelines for interpretation and implementation of security
controls for information systems and selection of baseline
security controls
• Security Control Design
– Provide a master catalog of security controls for information
systems incorporated from many sources (e-Governance ISMS
document)
– Guidelines on secure application development and secure
coding practices.
– Guidelines on integration of security with SDLC process
– Guidelines on security best practices including management,
operational and technical controls.
E-Governance Standards
WG2-Network & Information Security
Areas
(deliverables) identified
• Security Test, Evaluation and certification
– Guidelines for security test, evaluation and acceptance
– Guidelines on Security Assurance (assessment, evaluation &
certification)
– ISO 27001 self-assessment and maturity model
• Creation of Certified Professionals
– Creation of a group of certified professionals with thorough
understanding of the standards documents who can help
organizations in becoming complaint to the standards.
• Training and awareness
– The need to evolving a Group of four to five Certified
professionals for providing end-to end solution.
– Widespread training of users on security must be undertaken
E-Governance Standards
WG2-Network & Information Security
Areas
(deliverables) identified
• Creation of database/taxonomy of e-Governance
applications software platforms in use
• Development of tools for generation of automatic
alerts for any vulnerabilities
E-Governance Standards
• BUDGET
E-Governance Standards
WG2-Network & Information Security
Challenges and opportunities emanated
• To undertake study of existing e-Governance mission
mode project infrastructure with regard to various
security issues including cyber crimes
• To undertake study of global standards and
frameworks and develop best of the breed solution.
• Indigenous effort for development of network
equipments and security products
• Quality of service parameters to be included in RFP
and tender process
• CC or equivalent for certification for product
implementation
• Interoperability standards for intranet and extranet
applications.
E-Governance Standards
WG2-Network & Information Security
Challenges and opportunities emanated
• Centre of excellence in Information Assurance would
be set up at various places; one such being setup at
IIT, Kharagpur initially funded by Integrated Defense
Staff, Ministry of defense. This can act as a hub for R
& D activities in Information Security
• DIT Sponsored Projects at IIT, Kharagpur on
Cryptographic controls can be used in the area of
access control
• Development of secure OSs – expensive but possibly
required in specific applications
• Protection of Personal Data
• Laws to be strengthened
• Cyber forensic and related manpower development
• Privacy preserving Data Mining
• Balancing right to information with privacy protection
E-Governance Standards
WG2-Network & Information Security
Challenges and opportunities emanated
• Security Development Life Cycle ( Threat Model & Secure
Coding) practices shall be introduced in e-governance
application development
• Security Requirement Specifications Templates shall be
developed and used as a part in SRS preparation.
• Policy on Interoperability among different networks like
SWANs, NICNET etc shall be framed
• IP ( both Public and Private ) allocation shall be controlled
by Central Authority both for existing and up-coming
network within the Government
• Application and Data Storage shall be on private network
E-Governance Standards
WG2-Network & Information Security
Challenges and opportunities emanated
• Every department should have policy on its DRS & BCP
• Digital Preservation Policy shall be framed for media
replacement and archival activities
• Information Security Hierarchy of persons and
responsibilities shall be in place.
E-Governance Standards
Recommendations
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Study of Dublin Core Standard, mainly for Metadata on Documentation.
Need to study and identify metadata for both digital and non-digital
information
The Metadata structure in Network Technology and Library Sciences should be
studied to help understand metadata for the non-digital information.
Gather as much information as possible from ongoing e-Governance Projects.
The nature of all the government services cutting across all the domains,
needs to be studied to identify the data elements
The students from Engineering colleges, Technical Institutes etc. may be
involved in the e-Governance Projects as a part of their 6-months or 4-months
semester training.
Identifying 11 projects as the DRIVE Projects, agency framework should be
prepared
Subgroups may be formed under the State level for identification of Common
Terms and Common Data Elements.
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Grass-root level Governance (Municipalities)
Land –Registration, Acquisition, Valuation and Land Records
Excise and Commercial Taxes
E-Governance Standards
WG3 -Meta data and Data Standards
Scope
• To identify and build the formats of the Common Data
Elements across the horizontal and vertical EGovernance applications.
• To build the Dictionary & Taxonomy of the commonly
used data elements.
• Adopt and Adapt to the existing Metadata and Data
Standards
E-Governance Standards
Approach
•
Service Oriented Approach
•
Identification of Data Elements - Mandatory and Non
Mandatory.
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International standards may be used wherever possible.
•
Standards having wide market support should be chosen to
reduce cost and risk.
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National standards could be used to cover items specific to the
country, and new standards are developed where none exists
Forms reengineering and Change management needed in
connection with the data standards
E-Governance Standards
Status
• Proposal from Institute of Electronic Governance,
Andhra Pradesh (IEG) on Metadata and data Standards
• Formation of a Committee to review the IEG Proposal
• Study of the Metadata Standards in AGRIS suggested
by FAO, for their adoption
• Formalization of the Geo-Spatial Data Standards
E-Governance Standards
Timelines
Identification of a state on Pilot basis—Study conducted in Andhra
Pradesh of 32 Departments and about 11000 data for 350 services.
Conduct the similar study in two or more states to identify the
common data elements.
--- December 2006
Understanding the attributes of data element for interoperability of
services.
--- February 2007
Develop part of the underlying Ontology to support semantic
interoperability
--- December 2006
E-Governance Standards
Phase I
Phase II
Oct ‘06
1.
Dec ‘06
Study of world data standards for its relevance
and extendibility in the context of Indian Scenario
(Ongoing process)
2. Initial Proposal from IEG(AP) on Metadata and Data
Standards
3. Review of the IEG Proposal by a Committee and
submitting of its report by Nov 15, 2006
4. Vocabulary lists -–one for e-Gov services and other for
subject terminology. (Ongoing Process)
5. Documentation of activities of different subgroups
6. Pilot implementation of Metadata and data standards on project
E-Governance Standards
Phase III
March ‘07
Roadmap to e-Gov Metadata &
Data Standards
Metadata
Interoperability
Framework
Data Standards
XML Schema and XSLT for
domain specific services
Controlled Vocabulary
Identification of Metadata
Elements for Indian context
Start
Evaluation of International
Metadata Standards
E-Governance Standards
Source: DRTC
Problems
• Members, including the Chairperson, of Working Group do not
respond to mails/request for review of documents
• The Sub-Working Groups formed in the State Workshops, so far
have not even initiated any action
• Most of the time of the Member Secretary goes in collaborating,
coordinating and communicating with the WG members, Sub
working groups etc. and very less time is available for technical
output.
• No manpower support is available from the e-Gov Secretariat
E-Governance Standards
Service Oriented Approach
Government
Department 1
Data Elements
Data elements could be:
• Inputs from System/
Department/ citizen
• Used for Processing
• For Output
E-Governance Standards
Department 3
Service n
Service 2
Service 1
Department 2
Data elements
Data elements
Services:
Set of Common Data Elements
•Citizen centric (G2C)
•Government Centric (G2G)
•Business Centric (G2B)
Localisation & Language Technology
WG4-Localisation and Language Technology
Scope
• Development of Local Standards
• Inputting Mechanisms
• Transliteration
• Variance in Unicode implementations in different
Operating Systems
• Search Engine Support
E-Governance Standards
WG4-Localisation and Language Technology
Areas and Issues Identified
I. Operating System Support
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Locales and Sorting

User Interface

Searching

Rendering on PC in Application/Browser : Display, Layout

Character Encoding : Unicode, ISCII

Inputting Methods
- Keyboard Layouts : Typewriter, Inscript, Phonetic
- Online Handwriting Recognition
- Text OCR
- Speech to Text
II. Editors for Web Support
• Browser Support
E-Governance Standards
WG4-Localisation and Language Technology
Issues
III.Resources and Tools
Processing Resources : Spell Checker
- Language Resources : Dictionaries, Ontology, Glossary, Lexicon, Thesaurus
- Annotated Corpora: Text & Speech
Machine Translation
Transliteration (BARAHA software- Free ware, Internationalization Component for Unicode ICU)
IV. Search Engine Support
Google, Yahoo, MSN, LUCENE Raftar, Khoj etc.
V. Localised Applications
Interoperability between Platforms & Technologies
E-Governance Standards
Sl.No
Area
Current Issues/Status
Destination Desired
1. OS Support
1.1
OS Support under Windows,
Linux, MAC OS
E-Governance Standards
Present Status :
In Windows 2000/XP –12/22
constitutionally recognized
Indian Languages support is
available.
(Bangla, Gujarati, Hindi,
Kannada, Konkani, Malayalam,
Marathi, Punjabi, Sanskrit,
Tamil, Telugu & Urdu).
14/22 under Windows-Vista
added support for Oriya and
Assamese.
In RedHat Linux –9/22
constitutionally recognized
Indian Languages support is
available.
(Bangla, Gujarati, Hindi,
Marathi, Oriya, Punjabi,
Malayalam, Tamil & Telugu).
In MAC OS X-4/22 Gujarati,
Hindi, Punjabi, Tamil
constitutionally recognized
Indian Languages Support is
available
In Red Hat Linux :
Assamese, Bodo, Dogri,
Kannada, Konkani, Kashmiri,
Maithili, Manipuri, Nepali,
Sindhi, Santhali, Sanskrit,
Urdu Constitutionally
recognized languages support is not available
In MAC OS X - 18/22
constitutionally recognized
languages support is not
available.
Desitination desired: all 22
constitutionally recognised
languages support must be
available in Windows, Linux
and MAC OS.
In Windows OS : Bodo,
Dogri, Kashmiri, Maithili,
Manipuri, Nepali, Sindhi,
Santhali Constitutionally
recognized languages support is not available
1.2
Locales Data
1.3
Sorting
1.4
Encoding
E-Governance Standards
• Available for 12/22 languages
under Windows, 9/22
languages under Linux in
UTF-8 format.
 Presently Locales data is
insufficient and not
accommodate Indian culture
specific requirements.
Presently sort order is on
value.
Unicode characters are almost
complete to suffice the
respective language
requirements.
1.Vedic Sanskrit code is being
evolved.
2.Work for representing
recently recognized
constitutionally languages i.e.
Bodo, Maithili, Santhali& Dogri
are being initiated.
 Detailed study to be
undertaken.
 Sort order for all Indian
languages can be
standardized and
developers need to adhere
to it.
1.Constant
interaction with
Unicode for proper
representative of
Indian languages.
2.There has to be
standards
enforcement at State
level.
1.5
Inputting Mechanism
a)Keyboard Layouts
b)Speech to Text
c)Handwriting Recognition, Text
OCR and Other inputting
mechanisms
E-Governance Standards
Present Status
a)
Keyboard Layouts –Any
Inputting method can be
used in Unicode enabled
OS.
- INSCRIPT keyboard layout is
available at OS level.
b) Speech to Text ShrutlekhanRajbhasha is available
for Hindi language.
c) Handwriting Recognition &
OCR - Technology under
development
 Typewriter keyboard
support as well as
State level Language
specific requirements
(KGP keyboard layout
for Kannada, TAM99
keyboard layout for
Tamil) should be
supported at
operating system
level.
Note: Output of any user
specific keyboard layout
must conform to Unicode
current version.
E-Governance Standards
1.6
Rendering on PC in
Application/Browser
For rendering Open Type fonts –
rasterisation engine needs to be
built in to the OS.
Rasterisation engine is not
being implemented for all
the 22 scheduled Indian
languages. Needs to be
implemented by OS
developers
Collation standards needs to
be defined
1.7
Searching
Character level search is
available.
Contextual based search and
intelligent search engines are
not available
Intelligent search engines
required to be developed,
however a huge amount of
linguistic resources are
required to get a fairly good
accuracy.
07 November, 2006
E-Governance Standards
National Informatics Centre
E-Governance Standards
2. Content Creation
2.1
Content Creation Editors for
Desktop & Web
W3C :Markup languages
Standard Generalized Markup
Language (SGML) old std.
Hypertext Markup Language
(HTML)
Extensible Markup Language
(XML)
Extensible Hypertext Markup
Language (XHTML)
XLIFF – XML Localization
Interchange File Format
TEI – Text Encoding Initiative
1.Lot of tools is now available
for content creation in Indian
languages.
2.Products from C-DAC and
open source tools such as
Bharateeya OpenOffice can be
used for the same
2.2
Browser Support
In IE6, IE7, FireFox, Netscape
etc. – Indian Languages
support is available.
07 November, 2006
E-Governance Standards
National Informatics Centre
3. Resources & Tools
3.1
3.2`
Processing Resources : Spell
Checker
Language Resources :
Dictionaries, Glossary,
Lexicon, Thesaurus,
WordNet, Corpora: Text &
Speech
ISO : TermBase eXchange (TBX):
ISO : Terminology Markup
Framework (TMF)
ISO : Lexical Resource Markup
Framework (LRMF)
EAGLES/ISLE: CES: Corpus
Encoding Standards
EAGLES/ISLE: XCES: XML based
Corpus Encoding Standards
EAGLES:MATE – Multilingual
Annotation Tools Engineering
E-Governance Standards
Available for most of the
Indian languages but need
to be bettered.
1.
No Language Resources
conforming to standards
are available.
Needs to have a National
initiative for
development of
Linguistic resources.
2.
Enhanced version of
spell checkers needed
No attempt is made so
far for building
Grammar checker in
Indian languages
3.3
Machine Translation
E-Governance Standards
Research and Development in MT has
been underway at several
organizations in India.
i) English to Indian language MT
Systems
ii) Indian language to Indian language
MT Systems
iii) English has been the language of
choice in the foreign language
category among MT R&D community in
India. Efforts are concentrated around
building MT systems for English-Hindi
language pair. For Indian language to
Indian language translation systems
researches are focusing on developing
MT systems for Hindi and other Indian
languages.
iv) University of Hyderabad has
worked on an English-Kannada MT
system, using the Universal Clause
Structure Grammar (UCSG) formalism,
invented there. This is essentially a
transfer-based approach, and has
been applied to the domain of
government circulars.
v) Some other organizations are also
working in the area of Machine
Translation such as IIT Kanpur (using
Anglabharati approach), IIT Mumbai
(using Universal Networking LanguageUNL approach), Super Infosoft Pvt
(developed Anuvadak system), IBM,
Gurgaon (using Statistical approach),
IIIT- Hyderabad and University of
3.4
Transliteration
INSORT
ISO
For few Indian languages
Transliteration is available and is
in use.
While for Unicode based
transliteration a separate add-on
utility is required to be built.
For database translations
region specific knowledge is
required to build in the
transliteration tools.
3.5
Database Support : Data Storage
& Retrieval
1.If databases are Unicode
complaint then there are no
issues in regards with storage.
Most of the databases now
support Unicode.
2. However, there are issues in
querying the data, searches &
sorting in Indian languages
Database vendors needs to
give support to Indian
language query mechanism
Or
External API libraries may be
developed for such purposes.
E-Governance Standards
4. Search Engine Supporting Indian Languages (Google, Yahoo etc)
W3C
Presently character level
search is available in all
major search engines.
5. Localized Applications
Open Office
Works on Operating systems
which has language support
such as Windows XP, Linux.
E-Governance Standards
1.C-DAC, GIST, Pune has
already taken the work of
localization of Bharateeya
Open Office for all
scheduled 22 Indian
languages.
2.Currently localized
versions for Tamil, Hindi &
Telugu are released.
3.Localized versions for
Kannada, Punjabi, Urdu,
Oriya, Assamese, Bengali,
Malayalam, Gujarati are
ready and awaiting for
release
4.Rest of the language
localization is in progress.
Needed to be developed
as an plugin to the
existing browsers as well
as development of server
based components for
language search and
appropriate intelligent
crawler for index
generation.
The Action Points that emerged are detailed below:
Timeline :
Sl. No
Decision
Action by
Target Date
1.
To Prepare the
Guidelines for EGovernance
application
development with
local language
support
Sub Group with a
State Level
member as
Coordinator to be
constituted by
Member Secretary
in consultation with
the Chair
15th November, 2006
2.
Finalization of Draft Kewal Krishan
in Indian Languages
Standards
E-Governance Standards
20th November,
2006
We have uploaded the Draft of Indian Languages Standards on these
websites : http://egovstandards.gov.in , http://intranic.nic.in and
also sent the same to all Working group members as well as
members who have attended the Brainstorming sessions at various
locations.
So far we have received comments from
•IBM
•Microsoft
•Shri V.N. shukla, CDAC, Noida
•Prof. Rajeev Sangal
•Prof. Jitendra Shah
•Dr. Girish Nath Jha, JNU
•Shri Sateesh Babu,
•Dr. Mukul. K. Sinha
E-Governance Standards
Strategy for conversion of data from ISCII to UNICODE.
Long term goal for manpower development in language technology.
Release of free Tools and tools-kit for software developers.
Timely support and queries on Microsoft platform w.r.t. Indian Languages.
Road map for encouraging using of Indian Languages in E-Governance
applications as well as services.
Road map for transparent Interoperability as in case of Unicode.
Setu-dev as double byte ttf fonts may be a standard that will work with all
OS’s, all browsers and all word processors.
Stop leakage of Govt. money in non standard and proprietary items.
Resolve Intra-language issues that still exists.
Plan out a strategy for i) conversion of existing corpora ii) conversion
software from ISCII to Unicode and ab-initio handling of Unicode.
Inter-operable with other Language systems and Inter-operable within Indic
systems.
E-Governance Standards
Quality and Documentation
WG 5-Quality & Documentation Standards
Scope and Areas identified
1.e-Governance Quality Manual
2.Conformity Assessment Framework
3.Standard Formulation Procedure , and Templates for documentation
4.Vocabulary of Standard e-Governance Terminology
5.Methodology for identification of best possible solutions
6.Preparation of Request For Proposal
7.e-Governance Project Life Cycle
8.SLAs for Information Services Delivery/Common Services Centres
9.e-Governance Projects Management
10.Outsourcing Management
11.Exit Management
12.Electronic Documents Management
E-Governance Standards
Layers of e-Governance Quality Assurance
Framework
People
Layer
Citizen
Business
Government
Information
Service
Centre
Self
Service
Kiosks
Service Categories
Service
layer
Interactive services
Forms
Payments
Service delivery
Grievances
Front end
Middleware
Backend
Technology and standards
Technology
Layer
Governance
Layer
Communication Architecture



Rules, Procedures
Policies
Business Processes
Source: Quality Assurance
Framework for E-Governance,
STQC
Figure 1: Architecture of e-Governance
E-Governance Standards
Overview of
Standardization
Process
e-Gov. Quality Manual
1. Requirement Identification
- Policy, Vision /Goals/ Objectives , Legal Issues
- Setting of Goals / Objective stakeholders & Roles
2. Conformance Guidelines
- Identification of Quality Parameters
3. Satisfaction Parameters from the perspective of Re-usability /
Transparency /Risk Reduction / Scalability
Conformity Assessment
Framework
Checklist mechanism to ensure
safety, productivity,
effectiveness and efficiency
Egwg1
Network &
Security:
1.1 Area 1
1.2 Area 2..
( Generic)
egwg2
Meta Data &
Data
2. Area 1
2. Area 2..
( Generic)
Checklist
Checklist
for Compliance
Checklist
for Compliance
for Compliance
E-Governance Standards
Generic ( Vertical
Standards Formulation Procedure
A. General Description about Standards Process
B. Roles and Responsibilities of various agencies
C. Stages of Standards formulation, Release, Maintenance
A.
Template for documentation of Standards
A.
Meta data elements of the document
egwg3
Localization
3.1 Area 1
3.2 Area 2
( Generic)
egwg4
Quality and
Documentation
4.1 Area1
4.2 Area 2..
( Generic)
Egwg5
Technology &
Archi.
5.1 Area1
5.2 Area 2…
( Generic)
Documentation
Documentation
Documentation
of of of
Project
Project
Project
Specific
Specific
Specific
Quality
Quality
Quality
Manual
Manual
Manual
forforDomain
forDomain
Domain
/ Application
/ Application
/ Application
Specific
Specific
Specific
e- e- eGovernance
Governance
Governance
Projects
Projects
Projects
Specific
(Horizontal)
)
Evolution of a Standard
Polic
y
Processes
Procedures
Standards, Checklists
E-Governance Standards
Approach
• Identification and Allocation of areas to four sub working groups.
• Setting of Priorities for completion of the tasks
• Top priority to be given for e-Governance Standards
Formulation Procedure
( The duly approved procedure would be adopted by all working groups )
• The Subgroups to work in collaboration with members from
Industry, Government, Private Players, subject experts and
Academic Institutes
E-Governance Standards
Key Recommendations
• e-Governance Quality Assurance framework should be evolved at National level.
• e-Governance Documentation Quality Standards should reach the grass roots
• Documentation policy should reach district collectors, Academics, and industry
for smooth enforcement of standards
The formulated standards should be easy to understand and implement.
• Best practices should be adopted to define standards.
• The formulated standards should be in line with upcoming technology solutions
The standards should mainly fall in two categories:
•
a. For Developers
•
b. For Beneficiaries
• Vertical / Horizontal Approach should be adopted
• Existing Standards to be studied for evolving e-Governance Standards :
…cont
E-Governance Standards
Key Recommendations
• Sub committees to be formed in priority areas such as
Health, Agriculture & Cooperation , Rural Development,
Judiciary and Education for evolving domain specific eGovernance standards.
• For implementing national e-Governance Projects, the
individual departments or institutes should adopt minimum
standards of documentation, quality and set procedures in
conformity with reputed certifying / quality
agencies.
E-Governance Standards
Progress Report ( Phase – 1)
Area
Present Status
Procedure for Standard
Formulation
Draft recommendation prepared, and in the
stage of getting ready for review by Apex Body
SLAs for Information
Services Delivery /
Common Services Centres
requirements
Draft document prepared and ready for review
by WG members
January 2007
Request For Proposal
Initial Draft document getting ready
March 2007
Quality Manual
Initial preparatory work started
Conformity Assessment
Framework
Initial Preparatory work being done
E-Governance Standards
Timeline for submission to
Apex Body for approval
Nov. end
March 2007
Progress Report ( Phase – 2)
Area
Present Status
Outsourcing Management
Electronic Records Management
Initial preparatory work started
Project Life Cycle
Initial preparatory work started
Vocabulary of Standard eGovernance Terminology
Started collecting definitions of
various terminology in eGovernance and Quality
Assurance
E-Governance Standards
Timeline for submission to Apex Body
for approval
Progress Report ( Phase – 3)
Area
Exit Management
Methodology for identification
of best possible solutions
e-Governance Projects
Management
E-Governance Standards
Present Status
Present Status
Difficulties being encountered
• No response to draft document except the members from DIT, STQC and NIC
• No response by institutions who are being approached for subject experts to be
nominated as members
• Even members identified in workshops are not getting involved actively
• Member Secretaries not able to spend full time on this activities, as they have
their other responsibilities to be executed
• In the capacity of Member Secretary, I feel I have subject knowledge, but not
subject expertise
• No Administrative support
Note: In view of the above circumstances, it is difficult to assure quality and timely
outcome
E-Governance Standards
http://egovstandards.gov.in
E-Governance Standards
Interoperability
Reuseability
To guarantee continuous flows of information between
citizens,the federation and partners of the federation.
To establish similar approaches in providing components
and services,as well as in defining data models.
Openness
Possibility to use specification in the shape of publicaccess Documentation.
Cost and risk reductions
Accommodation of trends on the market and in
international standardization bodies.
Scalability
Ensuring applicability of the solutions when needs change
as to volume and frequency of transactions.
E-Governance Standards
• Fraunhofer Institute for Open Communications
Systems (FoKUS) , Berlin for setting up an
Interoperability Lab :
–
To develop, evaluate and demonstrate interoperability between
ICT systems driven by different technologies based on Open
Standards and Open Interfaces
–
To Develop solutions and disseminate findings in application
environments
–
To evolve proposals for eGovernment architecture
• Interoperability Workshops at China,Vietnam and
SriLanka under UNDP
E-Governance Standards