Transcript Document

Shipboard Navigation Systems,
Integrated Bridges and GNSS Technologies
Maritime Cyber Security
Learning Seminar and Symposium
Jointly sponsored by CCICADA Center at
Rutgers University and American Military University
2 - 3 March 2015
CAPT David B. Moskoff, USMS
Professor of Marine Transportation
United States Merchant Marine Academy
Master Mariner – USCG Unlimited
Shipboard Systems, Integrated Bridges and GNSS
CAPT D. Moskoff
3 March 2015 at Rutgers MCSS for CCICADA/AMU
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Presentation Overview
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Shipboard Perspectives: Critical ENav Concerns
Electronic Navigation Global Terms
Shipboard Equipment and Systems
GPS/GNSS Vulnerabilities and Options
Shipboard Systems, Integrated Bridges and GNSS
CAPT D. Moskoff
3 March 2015 at Rutgers MCSS for CCICADA/AMU
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For a Ship Underway
“Location” is Paramount!
• Deck and Engine Watch Officers and crew must be ready
24/7 for fire, flooding, explosion, spills, emergencies of
all types.
• While underway three basic concerns are:
1. avoiding collision/allision
2. always knowing your precise position
3. ensuring adequate UKC relative to the bottom
(including reefs, rocks, bars, shallows, etc.)
• Bridge Resource Management (BRM) is used throughout
the industry and involves training and the use of
shipboard equipment and systems as critical resources. 3
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Shipboard Systems, Integrated Bridges and GPS
CAPT D. Moskoff
3 March 2015 at Rutgers MCSS for CCICADA/AMU
26.5 knots
(30+MPH!)
Shipboard Systems, Integrated Bridges and GNSS
CAPT D. Moskoff
3 March 2015 at Rutgers MCSS for CCICADA/AMU
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Ship’s E-Nav Bridge Equipment
Technology Much More Sophisticated
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ECDIS (Electronic Chart Display and Information System)
AIS (Automatic Identification System)
Radar (Radio Direction and Ranging)
ARPA (Automatic Radar Plotting Aid)
Compass (Gyro, Fluxgate, GPS and others)
Steering (Computerized Automatic Steering System)
VDR (Voyage Data Recorder –”Black Box”)
GMDSS (Global Maritime Distress and Safety System)
Numerous other advanced units and systems
Shipboard Systems, Integrated Bridges and GNSS
CAPT D. Moskoff
3 March 2015 at Rutgers MCSS for CCICADA/AMU
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ECDIS Definition
An Electronic Chart Display and Information System is:
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computer-based navigation system-complies with IMO
can be used as an alternative to paper navigation charts
integrates a variety of real-time information
automated decision aid - continuously determining ship’s
position in relation to land, charted objects, navigation aids
and unseen hazards
An ECDIS includes electronic navigational charts (ENCs) and
integrates position information from a GNSS – typically the
Global Positioning System (GPS) - and other navigational sensors,
such as radar, fathometer and automatic identification systems
(AIS). It may also display other navigation-related information,
such as sailing directions and navigational aids detail.
Shipboard Systems, Integrated Bridges and GNSS
CAPT D. Moskoff
3 March 2015 at Rutgers MCSS for CCICADA/AMU
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ECDIS
Electronic Chart Display and Information System
Shipboard Systems, Integrated Bridges and GNSS
CAPT D. Moskoff
3 March 2015 at Rutgers MCSS for CCICADA/AMU
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ECDIS
Electronic Chart Display and Information System
Shipboard Systems, Integrated Bridges and GNSS
CAPT D. Moskoff
3 March 2015 at Rutgers MCSS for CCICADA/AMU
8
AIS (Automatic Identification System)
Shipboard Systems, Integrated Bridges and GNSS
CAPT D. Moskoff
3 March 2015 at Rutgers MCSS for CCICADA/AMU
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ECDIS with AIS Overlay
(Courtesy Transas)
Shipboard Systems, Integrated Bridges and GNSS
CAPT D. Moskoff
3 March 2015 at Rutgers MCSS for CCICADA/AMU
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AIS Symbols and Information
Note TCPA and
CPA Above –
Based on GPS
Position Input
Shipboard Systems, Integrated Bridges and GNSS
CAPT D. Moskoff
3 March 2015 at Rutgers MCSS for CCICADA/AMU
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Marine Radar Display – Sperry
(Courtesy Sperry Marine)
Shipboard Systems, Integrated Bridges and GNSS
CAPT D. Moskoff
3 March 2015 at Rutgers MCSS for CCICADA/AMU
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ECDIS with Radar Overlay
(Courtesy Broadgate and Transas)
Shipboard Systems, Integrated Bridges and GNSS
CAPT D. Moskoff
3 March 2015 at Rutgers MCSS for CCICADA/AMU
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Combining All Three on One Display
The ECDIS becomes the ultimate “Magic Box” that
is an extremely valuable tool for the well-trained
navigator when positioning input is accurate.
(Moskoff 2012)
Shipboard Systems, Integrated Bridges and GNSS
CAPT D. Moskoff
3 March 2015 at Rutgers MCSS for CCICADA/AMU
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AIS and Radar Overlay on ECDIS
Integrated with Compass, Depth and other sensors
Shipboard Systems, Integrated Bridges and GNSS
CAPT D. Moskoff
3 March 2015 at Rutgers MCSS for CCICADA/AMU
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Integrated Bridge
(Courtesy quedata.se)
Shipboard Systems, Integrated Bridges and GNSS
CAPT D. Moskoff
3 March 2015 at Rutgers MCSS for CCICADA/AMU
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Integrated Bridge
(Courtesy Sperry Marine)
Shipboard Systems, Integrated Bridges and GNSS
CAPT D. Moskoff
3 March 2015 at Rutgers MCSS for CCICADA/AMU
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Technology Onboard Ships
• The Good
• The Bad
• The Ugly
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ECDIS assisted ship groundings: why are they happening?
CSL Thames Grounding: Not Enough ECDIS Training
ttp://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=endscreen&v=2m4JGoJZESs&NR=1
ECDIS » Maritime Accident Casebook
UNITED STATES COAST GUARD - U.S. Coast Guard
Shipboard Systems, Integrated Bridges and GNSS
CAPT D. Moskoff
3 March 2015 at Rutgers MCSS for CCICADA/AMU
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Examples: Other ENav/GPS Concerns
• ECDIS is a Computer Subject to Viruses, etc.
• Automatic Identification System (AIS)
• IT Attacks Against Ship (i.e. Spearfishing)
http://www.transas.com/support/chart_corrections/
http://www.transis.com/support/chart_corrections/
• Military Using Commercial GPS – C/A Code
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fVxDVUsiejQ&feature=related
• Lack of Low Frequency(LF) eLoran-Type Backup
• Electromagnetic Pulse Attack (EMP) Kills All?
Shipboard Systems, Integrated Bridges and GNSS
CAPT D. Moskoff
3 March 2015 at Rutgers MCSS for CCICADA/AMU
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What Can Ships Do? Options?
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Use GPS/GNSS receivers (+$15) that detect
spoofing and jamming to warn users.
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Provide as many inputs to navigation
positioning as possible – i.e. LF eLoran especially in coastal/shallow areas.
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Use Parallel Indexing and Cross Indexing
Radar Techniques routinely.
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Use ECDIS/ECS units with both a primary
and a secondary input at all possible times in
all available areas.
Shipboard Systems, Integrated Bridges and GNSS
CAPT D. Moskoff
3 March 2015 at Rutgers MCSS for CCICADA/AMU
20
What Can Ships Do? Options?
• Maintain Skillsets: Piloting, Celestial,
Instruments (fathometer, fathograph)
• Audit and Test ships for jamming and other
vulnerabilities: test in open water areas
under controlled conditions.
• Conduct ship drills (similar to fire drills) on a
regular basis: consider GNSS failure, GNSS
jamming, GNSS spoofing, cyber attack,
equipment failures, EMP attack, etc.
Shipboard Systems, Integrated Bridges and GNSS
CAPT D. Moskoff
3 March 2015 at Rutgers MCSS for CCICADA/AMU
21
CAPT David B. Moskoff, USMS
Professor of Marine Transportation
United States Merchant Marine Academy
Master Mariner – USCG Unlimited
[email protected]
(516) 726-5856
Maritime Cyber Security
Learning Seminar and Symposium
Jointly sponsored by CCICADA Center at
Rutgers University and American Military University
2 - 3 March 2015
Shipboard Systems, Integrated Bridges and GNSS
CAPT D. Moskoff
3 March 2015 at Rutgers MCSS for CCICADA/AMU
22