Transcript GIS For Location Based Services

GIS For Location Based
Services
Shashika Biyanwila
Independent Study Presentation
As partial fulfillment of M. Sc. Degree
Outline
 What is LBS?
 What is GIS?
 Desktop GIS
 Web GIS
 Mobile GIS
 Summary
GIS for Location Based Services
What is LBS ?
 Provide personalized services to mobile users based on
their current location
 Where am I?
 What is the nearest restaurant, cinema ect.
Operator
services
Tracking
Assistance
Range of applications
Monitoring
GIS for Location Based Services
Information
What is LBS ?
Mobile Devices
http://www.geo.unizh.ch/
GIS for Location Based Services
What is LBS ? …
 Definition 1 (Virrantaus et al. 2001)
LBSs are information services accessible with mobile
devices through the mobile network and utilizing the ability
to make use of the location of the mobile device.
 Definition 2 (OGC, 2005 )
A wireless-IP service that uses geographic information to
serve a mobile user. Any application service that exploits the
position of a mobile terminal.
GIS for Location Based Services
What is LBS ? …
 LBS as an intersection of three technologies
http://www.geo.unizh.ch/publications/cartouche/
lbs_lecturenotes_steinigeretal2006.pdf
 LBS
need to deal with GIS …
GIS for Location Based Services
What is GIS ?
“A Geographic Information System (GIS) is an organized
collection of computer hardware, software, geographic data,
methods, and personnel designed to efficiently capture, store,
update, manipulate, analyze and display all forms of geographically
referenced information” [ESRI,1996].
GIS services (OpenGIS Guide [Buehler & McKee, 1998])
 Geodata Services
 Geoprocessing Services
GIS for Location Based Services
Key Features of GIS
 Information from different sources
Computer databases
 Digital maps
 GPS receiver
 Satellite image
 Data integration
http://erg.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/gis_poster/
GIS for Location Based Services
Key Features of GIS …
 Projection
 Information retrieval
 Data output
Overlay
 Topological modeling
http://erg.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/gis_poster/
GIS for Location Based Services
Data Representation
 Raster Data
 Represent images as a collection of pixels
 A grid of cells covering an image / area
 Higher data volume
 Example of raster formats
 GeoTiff
 ARC/INFO ASCII Grid
 ARC/INFO GRID
 ECW
 IMG
GIS for Location Based Services
Data Representation…
 Vector Data
 Use geometrical shapes (Lines, Points, Polygons)
 Low data volume
 Example of vector formats
 Shape files
 MapInfo TAB
 NTF
 TIGER
GIS for Location Based Services
Types of GIS
GIS
Desktop GIS
Web GIS
Mobile GIS
 GIS is moving from Desktop systems to Distributed system
OpenGIS concept
 Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) [http://www.opengeospatial.org]
Develop specifications to increase the interoperability of geospatial data and
geoprocessing software components
GIS for Location Based Services
Desktop GIS
 Represents the real world on a computer
 Limited to the desktop Computer
 Not everyone can access the applications
 Desktop GIS Functionalities
View data on a map
 Analyze data
 Create publication quality, professional maps
GIS for Location Based Services
Desktop GIS Software
GIS Software
 Proprietary Software
- ArcGIS Desktop (ESRI)
- Envision (Autodesk)
- MapInfo Professional
 Free and Open Source Software (FOSS)
- GRASS GIS
- Quantum GIS (QGIS)
GIS for Location Based Services
Proprietary Software
1. ArcGIS Desktop (ESRI)
 Includes four software components.
 ArcReader
 ArcView
 ArcEditor
 ArcInfo
http://www.esri.com/products.html
GIS for Location Based Services
Proprietary Software
1. ArcGIS Desktop …
 ArcReader
-An easy-to-use desktop mapping application
- Allow users to view, explore and print maps
 ArcView
- A full featured GIS software
- Allow users to view, analyze, manage and create
geographic data
GIS for Location Based Services
Proprietary Software
1. ArcGIS Desktop …
 ArcEditor
- A powerful GIS desktop system
- Provide all the functionality of ArcView
- Provide data edit capability
- Supports single user editing OR collaborative process
GIS for Location Based Services
Proprietary Software
1. ArcGIS Desktop…
 ArcInfo
- The most complete GIS
- Includes all the functionality of ArcEditor, ArcView, and
ArcReader
- Provide advanced spatial analysis, extensive data
manipulation, and high-end cartography tools
GIS for Location Based Services
Proprietary Software
2. Envision (Autodesk)
 Integrates GIS spatial data and AutoCad design data
 Perform civil engineering tasks such as
- calculating elevations
- cut/fill volumes
-running flood analyses
 AutoDesk Raster Design is used to edit, modify, and enhance
raster data
GIS for Location Based Services
Proprietary Software
3. MapInfo Professional
 A full featured Desktop geospatial solution
 Comes with easy-to-use software and a powerful
software tool
 Vertical Mapper third party add-on for raster data
GIS for Location Based Services
FOSS Software
1. GRASS GIS
 GRASS - Geographic Resources Analysis Support
System
 Supports various platforms
 Supports for both raster & vector formats
GIS for Location Based Services
FOSS Software
1. GRASS GIS…
 Functionalities
- geospatial data management and analysis
- image processing
- graphics/maps production
- spatial modeling
- visualization
GIS for Location Based Services
FOSS Software
2. Quantum GIS (QGIS)
 Support multiple platforms
- Linux, Unix, Mac OSX, and Windows
 Support multiple data formats
-vector, raster, database formats
-GRASS layers
http://qgis.org/brochure/qgis_brochure_en.pdf
 Extendable functionality using plug-ins
GIS for Location Based Services
Applicability for LBS
 Issues…
Limited to a Desktop PC
Cannot access remotely
 LBS deals with mobile users
Need remote access to GIS
Transfer information between user and the GIS
 Desktop GIS not suitable for LBS
GIS for Location Based Services
Web GIS
“Web GIS is a Geographic Information System distributed across
a networked computer environment to integrate, disseminate,
and communicate geographic information visually on the
World Wide Web over the Internet.” [Gillavry, 2000]
Disseminate geospatial data and processing tools
 Possible to Process geo-related information with no location
restrictions.
GIS for Location Based Services
Web GIS Architecture
Web GIS
Client-Server Architecture
Distributed Architecture
GIS for Location Based Services
1. Client – Server Architecture
 Geoprocessing  Server side & Client side tasks
 Typical three tier architecture
1. Presentation tier
- Contains user interface
2. Application logic tier
- Model & process GIS data
3. Storage tier
- Databases that store GIS data
GIS for Location Based Services
1. Client – Server Architecture …
 A typical client-server architecture
Client
Middle Ware
Server
Spatial request
Web
Browser
Internet
Web
Server
Internet Map
Server
(IMS)
HTML,Image,Map..
 Two types
GIS
software
- Thin client architecture
- Thick client architecture
GIS for Location Based Services
GIS
database
2. Distributed Architecture
 Both data and processing components are distributed
 The client and server do not refer to a specific machine
 “Geodata anywhere, Geoprocessing anywhere” model
 Distributed object architectures
- Microsoft's Distributed Component Object Model (DCOM)
- Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA)
- Java Remote Method Invocation (Java RMI)
GIS for Location Based Services
IMS Software
 Allow users to access spatial data via a web browser interface
 Interact with web server and spatial database
Proprietary software
FOSS software
- ArcView IMS (ESRI)
- Minnesota Map Server
- MapObjects IMS (ESRI)
- Open-GIS Multiviewer
- ArcIMS (ESRI)
- GIS Viewer
- MapGuide (Autodesk)
GIS for Location Based Services
Proprietary software
1. ArcView IMS (ESRI)
 Extension of ESRI's Desktop-GIS application- ArcView
 One of the first available Map Server systems
 Requires an open session of ArcView running on the Web
server with IMS ArcView middleware
 Client cannot change the composition of the received map
GIS for Location Based Services
Proprietary software
2. MapObjects IMS (ESRI)
 Integrate three applications :MapObjects IMS, MapObjects
Professional, and ArcExplorer
 Can consider as a programming platform
 For GIS applications - Visual Basic, Visual C + +, Delphi
 For client applications - HTML (JavaScript), ActiveX
 Supports Windows or UNIX-based Web servers
 Uses modern three-tier architecture
GIS for Location Based Services
Proprietary software
3. ArcIMS (ESRI)
 Most widely used Proprietary IMS software
 A three tier architecture
http://gisweb.ciat.cgiar.org/sig/ims-technology-esri.htm
GIS for Location Based Services
Proprietary software
3. ArcIMS …
 The components of the ArcIMS server :
- Spatial Server
- Applications Server
- Connectors to the Applications Server [Servelets, ColdFusion,
ActiveX ]
- Administrator
 Tool for designing map services  need not to program client
 Client receives instructions suitable for processing
GIS for Location Based Services
Proprietary software
4. MapGuide (Autodesk)
 Similar capacities to those of ArcIMS
 Provide tools for basic geographical operations
 Own data format –SDF
 Extensions required to convert other formats to SDF format
GIS for Location Based Services
FOSS software
1. Minnesota Map Server
 World’s leading open source Web-Mapping tool
 Originally developed for the University of Minnesota (UMN)
 Supported platforms : Linux/Apache, Windows NT/98/95
 A CGI program that sits inactive on a Web Server
 Uses information passed in the URL and the Map File to
process the request
GIS for Location Based Services
FOSS software
1. Minnesota Map Server…
 The MapServer architecture 
 Client - Web browser
 Server
- HTTP Server (Apache, IIS)
- MapServer CGI (mapserve.exe)
- Map Files
- Geographic Data
[ESRI Shape files, GeoTIFF]
Illustrated according to diagram from
http://mapserver.gis.umn.edu/new_users/msappdiagram/
GIS for Location Based Services
FOSS software
1. Minnesota Map Server…
How MapServer works?
http:// <location of the mapserver program> <location of the mapfile> <other parameters>
http://192.8.10.52/cgi-bin/mapserve.exe? map=/ms4w/apps/app1/htdocs/test.map
Web
Browser
Request
Web
Server
Request
Mapserver
(CGI)
test.map
Mapfiles
GIS for Location Based Services
Result
FOSS software
1. Minnesota Map Server…
 Advantages of using MapServer
- Comes as a standard package which bundles MapServer
and many required supporting tools
- No dedicated hardware is required
- Client is only a web browser
- Not bounded to any specific language
- Compliant to the OGC Specification
- Support for database access (PostGIS, MySql)
GIS for Location Based Services
FOSS software
2. GIS VIEWER
 Developed by the University of California, Berkeley at "UC
Berkeley Digital Library Project”
 Supported platforms : Unix, Linux, Windows NT
 Display geographical information by means of a window
(viewfinder)
GIS for Location Based Services
Applicability for LBS
 Key features of web GIS:
- Distribute geospatial data over the Internet or an Intranet
- Limited to hardwired networks
 Features of Mobile devices:
- Use wireless Internet (low bandwidth, low connection speed)
- Limited processing power
- Diversity nature
 Web GIS not suitable for LBS
GIS for Location Based Services
Mobile GIS
“Mobile GIS is an integrated software/hardware framework for the
access of geospatial data and services through mobile devices via
wireline or wireless networks.” [http://map.sdsu.edu/publications/Tsou2-CaGISfinal-short.pdf]
 Mobile GIS can be taken as a sub new research area in Web GIS
 Address issues such as….
- moving
client side
- wireless internet
- limited hardware resources in moving client side
GIS for Location Based Services
Mobile GIS Architecture
Client:
- Mobile GIS receiver
- Positioning System
- Mobile GIS software
Server :
- Geospatial data
- GIS content server
http://map.sdsu.edu/publications/Tsou2-CaGIS-final-short.pdf
 Similar to the traditional client/server architecture in Web GIS
 Use “ Thin Client” structure
GIS for Location Based Services
Mobile GIS Applications
 Two major application areas:
1. Location Based Services
2. Field based GIS
GIS for Location Based Services
Mobile GIS Technologies for LBS
 LBS deals with cellular phones and vehicle
based computers  Very diverse in nature
 Integrate the wireless Internet with GIS
 Two main technologies:
1. WAP
2. JAVA
GIS for Location Based Services
1. WAP based Mobile GIS
 Proposed by Wang Fangxiong and Jian Zhiyong
 Use WAP along with J2EE
Mobile Client
WAP
microbrowser /
J2ME application
Wireless network
Internet
WAP
gateway
Server
Web Server
WAP
HTTP
RMI
Mobile
Position
Center
 Four tier architecture
1. Presentation tier - UI
2. WAP service tier - WAP gateway +Web server
3. Application tier – Application server
4. Data service tier – Spatial database
GIS for Location Based Services
Application
Server
MLP
Spatial
Database
2. JAVA based Mobile GIS
 Proposed by Xiaoqing Zhou, Xinming Tang, Zhao Fan and
Zhongping Wang
 Client side – J2ME
 Server side – J2EE
 Three tier architecture
1. Client tier
2. Web service tier
3. Data tier
GIS for Location Based Services
Mobile GIS Technologies for Field
applications
 Need computationally intensive devices with large display
screens.
Ex : Pocket & Tablet PCs
ArcGIS Mobile (ESRI)
ArcPad (ESRI)
 Available Software :
MapInfo MapXtend
- Cross platform
- Independent of hardware devices
IntelliWhere
(Intergraph )
Onsite
GIS for Location Based Services
Applicability for LBS
Mobile GIS developed for LBS !
GIS for Location Based Services
Summary
 Introduction to LBS
 Introduction to GIS
 Different types of GIS (Desktop GIS, Web GIS, Mobile GIS)
- Overview
- Available Architectures
- Available software / technologies
- Applicability for LBS
GIS for Location Based Services
References
 Stefan Steiniger, Moritz Neun and Alistair Edwardes, Foundations of Location Based
Services, CartouCHe1 - Lecture Notes on LBS, V. 1.0
 Geographic information system [online]. Available from:
 Wikipedia < http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geographic_information_system>
 Geographic information system (GIS) poster. Available from :
< http://erg.usgs.gov/isb/pubs/gis_poster/ >
 Product overview [online]. Available from: < http://www.esri.com/products.html>
 Desktop GIS software for Hydrological Application [online]. Available from :
< http://www.swhydro.arizona.edu/archive/V3_N3/featurette2.pdf>
 Geographic Resources Analysis Support System [online]. Available from:< http://grass.itc.it/>
 QGIS brochure [online]. Available from : < http://qgis.org/brochure/qgis_brochure_en.pdf>
 A.A. Alesheikh, H.Helali, H.A.Behroz, Web GIS: Technologies and Its Applications,
Symposium on Geospatial Theory, Processing and Applications, Ottawa 2002
 Hussein Helali, Design and Implementation of a Web GIS for the City of Tehran, Master’s
Thesis, Department Of Geodesy And Geomatics Engineering, K.N.Toosi University Of
Technology, September 2001
GIS for Location Based Services
References
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Internet Map Services [online]. Available from :
<http://gisweb.ciat.cgiar.org/sig/internet-map-services.htm>
Map Object Internet Map Server version 2 brochure [online]. Available from
< http://www.esri.com>
MapServer New Users [online]. Available from
http://mapserver.gis.umn.edu/new_users
Nimalika Fernando, Web GIS based Post -Tsunami Recovery Management tool for Sri
Lanka, Master’s Thesis, Keele University, September 2006
Li Luqun, Li Minglu, A Research on Development of Mobile GIS Architecture,
Environmental Infomatics Archives, ISEIS 2004
Ming-Hsiang Tsou, Integrated Mobile GIS and Wireless Internet Map Servers for
Environmental Monitoring and Management,2004
Ye Lei, Lin Hui, Which One Should be Chosen for the Mobile Geographic Information
Service Now, WAP vs. i-mode vs. J2ME?, Springer Science, 2006
Wang Fangxiong , Jiang Zhiyong, Research on A Distributed Architecture of Mobile
GIS Based on Wap
Xiaoqing Zhou, Xinming Tang, Zhao Fan, Zhongping Wang, Research of LBS Based
on Java and An Application Solution
ArcGIS Mobile brochure [online]. Available from: http://www.esri.com/arcgismobile
ArcPad: Mobile GIS, An ESRI White Paper , September 2004
GIS for Location Based Services
QUESTIONS ???
GIS for Location Based Services
THANK YOU !!!