Transcript Jean-Pierre LENTZ - Drone Conference
Opening the European market for civil drones in an appropriate way:
the role of the EU
Jean-Pierre LENTZ
European Commission DG Growth
This is a DRONE!
ICAO technical definitions
Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS)
Meaning that they are
Aircrafts
and subject to aviation regulation
Systems
composed of an aircraft, a ground station and a communication link UAS can be
piloted
or
autonomous
Remotely Piloted Aircraft System (RPAS)
Subset of UAS having a
pilot in command
and excluding fully autonomous systems
Current focus
of the regulatory work at international and EU levels
EC undertook a long consultation…
2009
• Hearing on Light UAS
2010
• High-Level-Conference on UAS
2011-2012
• UAS Panel consultation made of 5 workshops (Industry and Market,
Integration into airspace, safety,
societal impact
, R&D)
2012
• Staff Working Document SWD(2012)259 • Stakeholders' Roadmap for civil RPAS integration into the European Air System
Drones present a delivering
real potential
for the development of innovative civil applications
useful services to society
and creating
new businesses and jobs Drones have routine access into non segregated airspace Authorized applications and operations are acceptable to the public
EC undertook a long consultation…
2009
• Hearing on Light UAS
2010
• High-Level-Conference on UAS
2011-2012
• UAS Panel consultation made of 5 workshops (Industry and Market,
Integration into airspace, safety,
societal impact
, R&D)
2012
• Staff Working Document SWD(2012)259
2012 - 2013
•Stakeholders' Roadmap for civil RPAS integration into the European Air System (+ 3 annexes: safety regulation, enabling technology's needs,
societal impact
)
… leading to a European strategy…
COMMUNICATION COM(2014)207, 8.4.2014
A new era for aviation - Opening the aviation market to the civil use of remotely piloted aircraft systems in a safe and sustainable manner
Reap the societal benefits of this new technology
By establishing a
single market
for civil RPAS applications
while ensuring adequate citizens' protection,
By addressing
safety, security and privacy
threats
taking into account citizen's acceptance
By
listening
to stakeholders and the general public
… implemented along 3 action lines
Integrate
a
safe
RPAS into European aviation system in
and secure way
appropriate aviation safety regulation and enabling technologies
Protect
citizens against additional risks: Inadequate
compensation
in case of accidents threats to
privacy
, protection of
personal data
,
unethical
uses
Involve
stakeholders and citizens Awareness Consultation
Regulatory situation in Europe
Regulatory situation in Europe
Shared
competence RPA > 150 kg => EASA RPA < 150 kg => national Civil Aviation Authorities
National regulations
developing in place :
12
MS under development :
5
MS Revisions are expected in many MS Need for
harmonization
in order to achieve a Single Market for RPAS facilitate mutual recognition and allow cross-border flights
EC contributions to insertion
Development of regulation ensuring safety and security of drones operations
RPAS
> 150 kg
EU competence: EASA developing regulation RPAS
< 150 kg
Need for harmonization: EC is analysing the options to deliver a common regulatory framework, including an
extension of EASA competence to RPAS of all sizes
EASA regulatory approach
Current approach
3 categories based on the
risks
Common rules and
national
involved implementation
Airworthiness Licensing Organisations C2 D&A Low risk OPEN
Nothing Nothing None Nothing Nothing
Intermediate risk SPECIFIC
Risk mitigation Specific Training Industry attestation Specific Demonstrations Industry attestation
High risk REGULATED
Certificates (TC, CofA) Licence Approval (ROC, etc.) Certified (ETSO?) Certified (ETSO?)
Accident compensation
An efficient compensation mechanism requires
Adequate third-party liability and insurance regulations Affordable insurance offer
Assessment finalised
Conclusions
Existing regulations
increasing awareness apply (national for liability and EC 785/2004 for insurance requirements) but need for Adequate
identification
of the liable party required Need to
monitor
the compensation procedure and the evolution of the insurance market (the creation of a compensation fund might be needed)
Privacy and data protection
…
many people, including myself, have concerns about the safety, security and privacy issue
s relating to these devices.
That's why we are proposing to draw up a range of tough measures to regulate this market, while at the same time allowing European industry to take advantage of the opportunities it presents …..
Safety, security and privacy come first .
So this technology can only advance in a well regulated EU marketplace
.
Privacy and data protection
Assessment of related risks and required measures
EC commissioned
a
study
EC addressed PDP in its : TRILATERAL/VUB study issued
Public consultation
: results available EC consulted EDPS on COM (2014)207:
EDPS Opinion
EC invited Article 29 WP to issue an Opinion: on-going released
Privacy and data protection
Our current understanding
Drones are
heterogeneous
, however, in most of their uses (not only surveillance) they raise
privacy
and
data protection
risks Existing EU and national laws provide an
adequate framework
No need for new rules at EU level (techno neutral) GDPR wold bring new useful elements like the DPIA, PbD
Privacy and data protection
Our current understanding (2)
Efforts should focus on a
better application
of the rules
Aviation regulation
and
CAAs
can play an important role •
Need to increase
cooperation
between national Data Protection
Authorities and Civil Aviation Authorities
Need to raise
industry awareness
•
Training material, advice, etc. (DPAs and national industrial federations)
Privacy and data protection
Our current understanding (3)
There is a need to develop Drones'
identification
tools/standards Privacy and data protection
impact assessment
There is an important
national dimension
EU directive/legislation is limited to
data protection
EU may
help developing soft law and support measures
Privacy and data protection
New EC measures
Privacy/Data protection
impact assessment
How to contribute at EU level?
Development of an
impact assessment template
Awareness
action Provide a
EU-wide
one-stop-shop website Focus on awareness and
training
, Cover safety, insurance and
privacy
Cooperation with national DPA expected
Stakeholders' and citizens' views
Drones' applications raise societal and ethical issues
Creation of a surveillance society, Risk of proliferation, etc
Policies and rules developed must take into account citizens' views
Need to engage with the public
focus groups
(JRC pilot project)