Transcript State of the Spatial Data Infrastructure in Bosnia and

1st workshop on Contemporary Activity on SDI
in the South East European Region
State of the
Spatial Data Infrastructure
in Bosnia and Herzegovina
PhD Lazo Roljic
University of Banja Luka
Thessaloniki, Greece, 5th and 6th February 2009
Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI)
is set of:
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Data sources
Technologies
Norms
Measures
Institutional frameworks
Organisational guides
Policies
Finanances, and
Human resources,
which ensure...
organized, purposeful and
effective dealing with and
advancement of:
- measuring
- gathering
- storing
- processing
- maintaining
- distributing
- accessing, and
- using
georeferencial data.
On the basis of such a definition, it is possible to give a graphical presentation
of SDI system (Figure 1):
Requirements
Valuable information
Spatial Data
Sources
Technologies
and Tools
Databases
Employees
Institutional
Frameworks
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F
Policies
Norms
Standards
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n
a
n
Data Networks
Requirements
Valuable information
End Users
Geospatial data
Under that term we primary
understood the data of land
cadastre operate as a record of
position, form, area, culture,
manner of exploitation and
owner of each individual
parcel.
Cadastral parcel is basic and
most important spatial element
of ownership book keeping,
and physical and urbanistic
planing.
Then come objects and
condominium elements of
space (buildings, apartments,
business spaces, etc.)
State of SDI components in
B&H
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Each country deals with
SDI within its potentials
in order to:
improve its economy
satisfice social needs of
citizens,
bring to environmental
welfare, and
satisfice intereses of all
stakeholders,
and nowadays regional
and global interests.
Institutional Framework
• According to its Constitution,
Bosnia and Herzegovina
consists of two Entities, the
Federation of Bosnia and
Herzegovina (FB&H) and the
Republic of Srpska (RS).
Spatially, the entities cover
the total area in the
proportion of 51%:49%.
• FBiH is divided into ten (10)
Cantons, each of them has its
own government.
• The authorities are mainly
divided among these levels.
Therefore SDI activities and
tasks are also a matter of the
entity geodetic administration
offices.
• Administration for Geodetic
and Real Property Affairs of the
Federation of Bosnia and
Herzegovina-Sarajevo
http://www.fgu.com.ba/ and
• Republic Administration for
Geodetic and Real Property
Affairs of Republika SrpskaBanja Luka,
http://www.rgurs.org/
Dimensions:
52 million hectares
3,8 million people
7 million registered parceles (for
about 90% of which a new survey is
made)
Keeping land cadastre books is under
the authority of primary (RS) and
municipal courts (FBiH). Within the
cadastre sector, there are: entity geodetic
offices (2), cantonal offices (10), cadastre
offices of local units (47 in RS) and
cadastre service offices (15 separated
units in RS). The cadastre office in Brčko
District is administratively independent.
Entitie`s land
administration are
main factors of creating
the future of SDI.
They are starters of
initiatives on
introducing and
implementation of new
technologies, as well as
applying equipment
and procedures by
preparing maps and
building digital and
cadastral databases.
Judical Regules and Norms:
In BiH is in use a number of laws and sets of rulebooks by which the
matter of spatial data gathering, storing and distributing is regulated.
Main Laws in the Entity of RS:
• The Law on Survey and
Immovable Property Cadastre
(2006)
• The Law on Spatial
Arrangement (2002)
• The Law on Land Registry
Books (2003)
Main Laws in the Entity of FB&H:
•
The Law on Survey and
Immovable Property Cadastre
(1984)
•
The Law on Survey and
Land Cadastre (1978)
•
The Law on Cadastre of
Communal Installations (1977)
•
The Law on Geodetical
Activity (1994)
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The Law on Land Registry
Books (2003)
Technologies for data collection
Tehnologies of satellite photos,
images and pictures,
photogrammetry, measuring
by GPS, digital geodetic
instruments, total stations,
but also theodolites, leveling
tools and other traditional
geodetic instruments and
accessories, give a very good
possibility for measuring
and gathering spatially
oriented data.
Data Bases
There are a lot of databases
with georeferenced data,
but a problem arises if they
need different technologies
for accessing the databases,
different formats, different
data models, protocols of
data transfers, but the data
are of different quality.
That infrastructure problem
should be resolved by
using particular norms and
standards.
Technology of archive document
keeping
eDMS - Electronic
Document Management
System, implies hardware,
software, and work
procedures which provide
electronic form of the
documents, their safe
storage with the
possibility of copying and
also efficient availability
from the base to a display,
easy interchange among
participants of a business
process and easy printing
if necessary.
Technologies for gathering,
analysis and display of solutions
They are in GIS as a set of
integrated parts of
computer tools and users’
program support for the
purpose of gathering,
storage, testing,
management, analyzing and
displaying spatial data in
order to solve problems of
spatial planning.
Technologies of data
distribution
Contemporary ordering of
spatial data from users and
their delivering to the users is
carried out through computer
networks, especially through
the Internet and intranet.
In B&H the distribution and
delivering of spatial oriented
data is still done fully
manually (100%) through
delivering the documents and
data in person to users.
The same thing is with
ordering spatial data.
Financial affairs
The work of geodetic offices in
B&H are financed from the RS
budget in the RS, and from the
Federation and cantonal
budgets in the FB&H. Another
source of funding is paying
fees for using cadastre data
and services.
The funds collected through
the fees are invested into the
annual program work
realization of geodetic offices.
Basic products and services
• Cadastre, technical part:
Maintaining and updating the
existing cadastre plans and
data, measuring services and
issuing certificates for
administrative and court
procedures, digitalization of
plans and data.
• Cadastre, the Department of
Property and Legal Affairs:
Giving data on a property state
(its size, class, owner), issuing
municipal and other decisions
on the right of property or
usage, flat ownership
registration, providing
documents for court decisions.
The status of electronic land registar applaying
Basic products and services
(cont.)
• Land-registry: keeping
records, processing
registration requests,
issuing cerficates, entering
the existing data into the
electronic database.
• Spatial planning: Making
and keeping development
plans, issuing building
permits and other kinds of
approvals.
Users of land-registry and
cadastre services
Users who need the services of
land-registry and cadastre
offices can be divided into
three groups:
• Owners and property users;
• Authorities
• Others.
Owners and property users
are the main category of private
users of such services. So far, they
personally came to get the data and
by doing so they burdened the
administrative process. Since 2008,
lawyers and licensed geodesists
have been allowed to do so.
Authorities:
• Ministry of finance as a client and
user of the fiscal cadastre,
including mass valorization of
fixed property in order to collect
real-estate taxes;
• Ministry of transport and
communications, for the purpose
of development and management
of public transport and
communication infrastructure;
• Ministry of agriculture, water
management and forestry, in
order to implement the sector
policy and manage the natural
resources;
• Ministry of environmental design,
as a base for planning activities
and environmental protecting.
• System of justice as a decision
maker in the matters of heritage
and land lawsuits;
• Privatization agencies in preparing
privatization of a state-owned
company;
• Agencies for foreign investment
promotion; collecting information
on fixed properties which is
suitable for investments.;
• Cantonal administration offices
which need registration data to
plan and manage state-owned
properties;
• Municipalities; in order to manage
fixed properties which belong to
local authorities; for development
of public institutions and issuing
building permits;
Other users:
• Real estate agents
• Real estate market
agencies
• Law Firms and Attorneys
• Banks and other finacial
institutions, by giving
mortgage loans,
• Insurance companies, by
giving insurance on
immovable real estate,
• Communal enterprises,
such as water-suppliers,
electrical power
distributors, gas
suppliers, etc.
Users of land-registry and cadastre services
A summary of the current situation of SDI in B&H
• The majority of cadastre
measuring was carried out in
the 19 century, however a
great deal of those plans (80%)
has still been in the official
usage because they are the
only link with the landregistry.
• Yet, the cadastre and land
registry records in the 80% of
the country are not up-to-date
and do not reflect the real
situation on the terrain
(problem of reliability). So, the
quality of spatial data is
different in different area.
There are huge differences
between the situations shown in
the land-registry books and
cadastre.
• Topographic maps are not
systematically updated. They
improvement is necessary, as in
order to satisfy the growing
demands of the users, as well in
order to take advantage of the
possibilities offered by new
technologies in gathering,
processing and representation
of spatial data (GIS)
• Most of the records are still in
the paper form (lack of
clearness, slow access to
information).
Current Situation (cont.)
• There is no system for
electronic requesting of data
which would provide
gathering, managing and
dealing with such request
for the benefit of their users.
• Digitalization of cadastre
records as a phase in
creating a modern, digital
cadastre has been carried
out in a great deal for landregistries, while cadastre
plans are still in analogue
form.
• The terrible specificity in
B&H is the fact that its huge
area is under mines.
Consequences
• Many investments are
prevented or slowed down
• Wild land market
development
• Non-realistic spatial
planning and land
management.