Transcript ICAF Main Presentation

Alberta Industrial
Fire Chiefs
I NTE G RATE D
COMPRESSED AIR
FOAM SYSTEMS
Systems Inc.
www.fireflex.com
Alberta Industrial
Fire Chiefs
Agenda
1. COMPRESSED AIR FOAM
(CAF) TECHNOLOGY:
• Introduction & history
• Description
• Fire Tests
Alberta Industrial
Fire Chiefs
Agenda
2. ICAF SYSTEM:
• Components
• Design
• Applications
• Case Studies
3. CONCLUSION
CAF TECHNOLOGY
History:
• 1941: Hose lines by US Army during WWII
• 1994: First fixed piping tests for CDN Navy
• 2001: Licensing agreement with NRCC
• 2004: FM Approval: Hydrocarbons
CAF TECHNOLOGY
History and industry recognition :
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2006:
2006:
2007:
2007:
NFPA-11, TIA # 05-1: New foam type
FM Approval enhanced: Polar solvents
Meets FM 5130 requirements
Simultaneous CAF & Spkr Discharge
Testing - FM Approved
• 2008 : NFPA 850 - 851 CAF New Option
• 2009 : FM 7-29 Flam. Liquid Portable Storage
Introduction : Fire-fighting foams
NFPA 11
Foam Type
• Low expansion
• Medium expansion
• High expansion
Expansion ratio
1:20
20:200
200:1000
CAF 10:1
Introduction : Fire-fighting foams
3 basic components of foam :
• Foam Concentrates – Synthetic AFFF’s
• Foam Generation – Aeration vs. agitation
• Delivery & Distribution System
Introduction : Foam Quality - Low exp
Extinguishing Mechanism - seals fuel surface
CAF - Improved physical separation on top of fuel
Performance : 2 contributing factors
• Greater Exp Ratio – high end of low ex
• Long Drain time – ability to hold water
CAF TECHNOLOGY
Description:
Compressed Air Foam (CAF)
• Uniform & stable
• Robust foam
blanket
• Low-Ex : 10:1
• New foam type
CAF TECHNOLOGY
Description:
An homogenous foam produced by combining…
Water
Piping Network
Compressed Air
CAF
CAF Nozzles
Mixing Chamber
Foam
Concentrate
ICAF Cabinet
CAF TECHNOLOGY
Description:
Compressed Air Foam (CAF)
Lower design densities:
Density gpm / sq. ft.
Flammable liquid
Foam-Water
CAF
Hydrocarbons
0.16 at 3%
0.04 at 2%
Polar solvents : Alcohol
0.24 at 3%
0.06 at 6%
Ketone
0.26 at 3%
0.06 at 6%
Uses 4 times less water
CAF TECHNOLOGY
Description:
Compressed Air Foam (CAF)
Shorter discharge durations:
• 5 minutes on Specific Hazard Configuration
• 10 minutes on Ceiling Nozzle Configuration
with automatic shut-off after foam discharge
CAF TECHNOLOGY
Description:
Compressed Air Foam (CAF)
Foam Concentrates:
• Hydrocarbons:
National Foam Aer-O-Lite 3% AFFF &
Aer-O-Water 3EM 3% AFFF (MIL Spec.)
• Polar Solvents:
Ansul Ansulite 3X3 LV Alcohol Resistant AFFF
CAF TECHNOLOGY
Fire tests:
Class 'B' - Flammable Liquids
Typical sprinklers
UL 162
Spill Fire
'Critical' Applications
Transformers
ICAF SYSTEM
Description: Typical System Layout
Air Cylinders
Piping Network
Distribution
Nozzles
Integrated Cabinet
Foam Tank
(water tank also available)
ICAF SYSTEM
Description: Typical System Layout
Air Cylinders
Twin Hazards
Trim Cabinet
Foam Tank
Integrated Skid
(water tank also available)
CAF TECHNOLOGY
Components:
Integrated System
Air Cylinders
Water Tank
Integrated Skid
Foam Tank
ICAF SYSTEM
Components:
Foam Nozzles
Turbine action rotary nozzles
ceiling & specific hazard configurations
ICAF SYSTEM
Components:
Foam Nozzles
Ceiling Nozzle Configuration:
• Max. spacing: 12’-3" x 12’-3"
(10’-0" x 10’-0" on polar solvents)
• Max. dimension: 16 ft.
(irregular spacing)
• Max. height: 46 ft.
TAR-225C
(35 ft. on polar solvents)
ICAF SYSTEM
Components:
Foam Nozzles
Typical discharge pattern
ICAF SYSTEM
Components:
Foam Nozzles
TAR-225C Nozzle:
• Balanced flows with
bullhead tees
• Small pipe sizes
• 150 ft2 per nozzle
• 4800 ft2 per zone
ICAF SYSTEM
Components:
Foam Nozzles
Specific hazard configuration:
• Aimed directly at hazard surface
• 7 ft. diam. discharge pattern
• 10 ft. horizontal throw
TAR-225L
• Effective on cascading fires
ICAF SYSTEM
Components:
Foam Nozzles
• Balanced flows
• Groups of 2, 4, 8,
16 or 32 nozzles
• Same equiv. length
for each branch pipe
• Bullhead tees
ICAF SYSTEM
Components:
Foam Nozzles
Typical discharge patterns
ICAF SYSTEM
Components:
Foam Nozzles
Coverage on cascading fire
ICAF SYSTEM
Components:
Piping requirements
Piping:
Fittings:
• Black or Galvanized
• Threaded, Grooved, Welded or
flanged
• Sch.10 or 40
• ASTM A-795, A-53 &
A-135
• Hangers per NFPA-13
• Cast iron Class 125, ASME
B16.4
• Malleable iron Class 150,
ASME B16.3
Improved hydraulics:
Feed Main up to 500 ft. (tested and listed)
Elevation losses only 10% of water (0.04 psi vs. 0.43)
ICAF SYSTEM
Components:
ICAF Nozzles
New FPO Oscillating Nozzle:
• Up to 92 ft. throw
• 90 or 180 degree arc of oscillation
• Densities:
FPO-4-90
- Hydrocarbon: 0.025 GPM/Ft2 at 3%
- Polar solvents: 0.06 GPM/Ft2 at 6%
(FM Approval in progress)
ICAF SYSTEM
Components:
FPO4-90
ICAF Nozzles
FPO Nozzle Applications:
• Aircraft hangars
• Helipads
• Loading/unloading racks
• Diked areas
ICAF SYSTEM
Examples of application:
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Hydraulic Presses
Diesel Generators
Lube Oil Skids
Diesel Fuel Storage
& Refueling
ICAF SYSTEM
Examples of application:
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Rolling Mills
Pump rooms
Fuel Pumping Stations
Methanol Storage
Etc.
ICAF SYSTEM
Case Studies:
Oil Storage Rooms
Transformers
Aircraft Hangars
ICAF SYSTEM
Costs Comparisons:
Installation:
13%
System
hardware:
15%
Detection
system: 2%
45,000 ft2 Aircraft Hangar
Detection
system: 2%
Installation:
13%
Water supply: 7% !
Start-up: 1%
Savings
35% !
Water supply: 69%
System
hardware: 42%
Start-up: 1%
Foam-Water System
ICAF System
CONCLUSION
Reasons to use CAF Systems
• Water supply
• eliminate / reduce size of water tanks &
fire pumps
• Drainage / Containment
• eliminate / reduce size of drainage
systems and spill tanks, oil separators
CONCLUSION
Reasons to use CAF Systems
• System performance
• effective extinguishing mechanism
• Environmental impact
• Less water & foam
• Reduced disposal costs of AFFF
• Potential for LEED points
Alberta Industrial
Fire Chiefs
Sustainable Fire Protection
Thank you !
www.fireflex.com
FIRE TESTS
UL-162 Based Tests
Test Requirements:
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Density: 0.10 gpm/ft2
Foam-water sprinklers @ 15 ft. high
Extinguishment: 5 min. max.
Max. 25% foam drainage after 30 sec.
Min. 5 min. burn back resistance
FIRE TESTS
UL-162 Based Tests
Test set-up:
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50 ft2 Heptane pan
4 nozzles at 40 ft. H.
12’-3" x 12’-3" spacing
15 sec. pre-burn
5 min. discharge
FIRE TESTS
UL-162 Based Tests
Comparing:
• Foam-water sprinklers
• AFFF 3% solution
• 0.16 gpm/ft2 density
Vs.
• TAR nozzles
• AFFF 2% solution
• 0.04 gpm/ft2 density
FIRE TESTS
UL-162 Based Tests
Comparing extinguishing performances – nozzles at 40’
2% AFFF
CAF
0.04 gpm/ft²
3% AFFF
Foam-Water
0.16 gpm/ft²
FIRE TESTS
UL-162 Test #2 – Nozzles at 40 ft.
Hydrocarbon Liquid:
Foam-Water
CAF
UL162
0.16**
0.04**
0.10
3%
2%
Extinguishing time (min:sec)
1: 42
1:17
5:00
25% Drainage (min:sec)
0:30
3:30
0:30
Burn back resistance (min:sec)
17:09
26:00
5:00
Density (gpm/ft2)
AFFF concentration
** UL safety factor of 1.6 included
FIRE TESTS
UL Safety Factors
• Normal flow: 0.04 gpm / ft2, 2% AFFF
• Reduced water flow: factors of 1.33 & 1.64
• Increased water flow: factor of 1.6
• Foam-water sprinkler: 0.16 gpm / ft2, 3% AFFF
FIRE TESTS
UL Safety Factors - Comparing densities
Foam-water at 0.16
CAF at 0.024
CAF at 0.064
CAF at 0.04
Densities in gpm/sq.ft.
FIRE TESTS
UL Safety Factors
Test
Density
(gpm/ft2)
AFFF
Concent.
Extinguishment
time (min:sec)
Burn back
Time (min:sec)
CAF TAR
0.04
2.0%
1:00
30:50
CAF TAR
0.024
3.3%
1:10
10:00
CAF TAR
0.064
1.2%
1:31
16:50
Foam-Water
0.16
3%
1:40
17:09
FIRE TESTS
UL Safety Factors
Normal Design Density (0.04 gpm/ft2):
• Safety factor greater than 1.64
• Both for extinguishment & burn-back protection
Increased & Reduced Densities:
• Better performance than foam-water sprinklers
FIRE TESTS
Spill Fire (Class B - flammable liquids)
Test set-up:
• 20’ x 20’ test pad
• Continuous flow of
Heptane at 6 gpm
• 10.7 ft2 shielded area
• Nozzles at 35 ft.
FIRE TESTS
Spill Fire (Class B - flammable liquids)
• 4 x Foam-water sprinklers
• 3% AFFF at 0.16 gpm/ft2 density
vs.
• 4 x TAR CAF nozzles
• 2% AFFF at 0.04 gpm/ft2 density
FIRE TESTS
Spill Fire (Class B - flammable liquids)
150 ft2 Heptane
spill before ignition
15 sec. pre burn
before system activation
FIRE TESTS
Spill Fire (Class B flammable liquids)
Comparisons of extinguishing performances
2% AFFF
CAF
0.04 gpm/ft²
3% AFFF
Foam-Water
0.16 gpm/ft²
FIRE TESTS
Spill Fire (Class B - flammable liquids)
Technology
99%
Extinguishment
time (min:sec)
100%
Extinguishment
time (min:sec)
Foam-Water
1:30
N/A ***
ICAF
1:55
4:58
*** Fuel flow had to be manually stopped !
FIRE TESTS
Spill Fire (Class B - flammable liquids)
Shielded area before
CAF build-up
Shielded area during
CAF build-up
FIRE TESTS
Spill Fire (Class B - flammable liquids)
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100% fire extinguishment
No flammable liquid overflow
CAF build up under shielded area
Always on top of fuel
Limits runoff
FIRE TESTS
Transformers:
(Class B - flammable liquids)
Typical protection:
• NFPA-15 Deluge system
• 22 water spray nozzles
• Requires 240 gpm
FIRE TESTS
Transformers:
(Class B - flammable liquids)
Test Setup:
• 20 gpm ‛Volt Esso 35’
Transformer Oil
• Pre-heated to 167°F (75°C)
• 8 x TAR-225L Nozzles
• 2% AFFF at 42.3 gpm
FIRE TESTS
Transformers:
(Class B - flammable liquids)
Comparing extinguishing performances
2% AFFF
CAF
0.04 gpm/ft²
(42.3 gpm)
Water Spray
Deluge
0.25 gpm/ft²
(240 gpm)
FIRE TESTS
Transformers:
(Class B - flammable liquids)
Test Results:
System
Extinguishment
Time (min:sec)
Flow
(gpm)
Water
(gal)
Foam
(gal)
Deluge
3:55
240
940
0
ICAF
1:30
42.3
63.5
1.3
FIRE TESTS
UL-162 Based Tests
Critical Applications - Hydrocarbons:
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50 ft2 Heptane pan
Alcohol Resistant AFFF
Density: 0.06 gpm/ft2
ICAF nozzles @ 35 ft. high
10’-0” x 10’-0” spacing
FIRE TESTS
UL-162 Based Tests -
Critical Applications:
FIRE TESTS
UL-162 Based Tests
Critical Applications - Hydrocarbons:
• Extinguishment: 41 seconds
• 25% foam drainage after 30 minutes
• Burn back resistance: Self extinguishment !
Alternate:
• 3% AFFF MIL Spec. Concentrate
• Density: 0.04 gpm/ft2
• Extinguishment: 38 seconds
FIRE TESTS
UL-162 Based Tests
Sprinklers on Heptane Fire:
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Water only
Upright sprinklers (K = 11.2)
Mounted at 35 ft. high
Density: 0.60 gpm/ft2
Extinguishment: NO ! Control only…
FIRE TESTS
UL-162 Based Tests –
Water Sprinklers:
ICAF SYSTEM
Case Studies:
Oil Storage Room
• Underground facility
• 83 ft. x 35 ft.
• 10 x 8,000 gal.
transformer oil storage
tanks
ICAF SYSTEM
Case Studies:
Oil Storage Room
Technology
Water Flow
(gpm)
Water Used
(US Gal)
Foam Water
600
36000
(60 min.)
ICAF
214
2140
(10 min.)
Hi-Ex
250
3000
(12 min.)
ICAF SYSTEM
Case Studies:
Oil Storage Room
Actual ICAF System footprint
ICAF SYSTEM
Case Studies:
Oil Storage Room
ICAF System arrangement
ICAF SYSTEM
Case Studies:
Oil Storage Room
After 2 minutes foam discharge test
ICAF SYSTEM
Case Studies:
Oil Storage Room
Minimal residues left after 16 hours…
ICAF SYSTEM
Case Studies:
Aircraft Hangars
Existing hangar: Limited water supply & restricted drainage…
ICAF SYSTEM
Case Studies:
Aircraft Hangars
Dimensions:
• 184’ x 250’ (46,000 ft2) ceiling at 32 ft.
• 320 x TAR Nozzles installed at 26 ft.
(+ 16 nozzles under a gantry)
• 5 zones with 64 nozzles each
ICAF SYSTEM
Case Studies:
Aircraft Hangars
View of the hangar space
ICAF SYSTEM
Case Studies:
Aircraft Hangars
5 zones piping layout
ICAF SYSTEM
Case Studies:
11.1
11.2
11.5
12.1
Aircraft Hangars
12.3
12.5
M
NOUVELLE SALLE MÉCANIQUE
11.1
Zone 1
Zone 2
Zone 3
11.2
11.5
12.1
12.3
Zone 4
Zone 5
M.5
Zone 6
M
Zone 1
Zone 3
MEZZANINE
N
M.5
Zone 4
Zone 6
Zone 2
Zone 5
N
2 levels ICAF System mechanical room
12.5
ICAF SYSTEM
Case Studies:
Aircraft Hangars
Cabinets, foam tanks & compressed air cylinders
ICAF SYSTEM
Case Studies:
Aircraft Hangars
2 x 2000 gpm diesel fire pumps
ICAF SYSTEM
Case Studies:
Aircraft Hangars
Full discharge test video
ICAF SYSTEM
Case Studies:
Aircraft Hangars
Foam coverage after discharge test
ICAF SYSTEM
Case Studies:
Power Transformers
Deluge / ICAF Comparison:
System
Nozzle
Qty
Water
Flow
(gpm)
Water
Used
(US gal)
Deluge
44
500
5000
(10 min.)
ICAF
16
95
475
(5 min.)
ICAF SYSTEM
Case Studies:
Power Transformers
Top
Front
ICAF System Piping Layout
ICAF SYSTEM
Case Studies:
Power Transformers
Side
Isometric
ICAF System Piping Layout
ICAF SYSTEM
Case Studies:
Power Transformers
Actual ICAF System footprint
FIRE TESTS
UL-162:
Burn Back Tests
• Foam undisturbed for 15 minutes
• 1 ft. diam. opening in foam blanket
• Manual re-ignition of fire after 1 min.
• Max. burn back of 10 ft2 after 5 min.
FIRE TESTS
UL-162:
Burn Back Tests
Opening is created in foam blanket…
FIRE TESTS
UL-162:
Burn Back Tests
Free fuel is re ignited in the opening…
FIRE TESTS
UL-162:
Burn Back Tests
Pipe is removed and fire is allowed to burn freely…
FIRE TESTS
UL-162:
Burn Back Tests
10 ft2 max. burn-back area after 5 min.
ICAF SYSTEM
Components:
Foam Generation Trim
Mixing chamber
1", 1½", 2" or 3"
Manual release
CAF outlets
(up to 3)
Releasing trim:
Electric,
Pneumatic,
or Failsafe
Flow control valve
Drain
Water supply
50 to 175 psi
ICAF SYSTEM
Components:
Releasing Panel
FireFlex ARC-1:
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Microprocessor based
Factory programmed
LCD Annunciator
User friendly interface
ICAF SYSTEM
Components:
Releasing Panel
FireFlex ARC-1:
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EMI resistant
Programmable I/O ccts
Timers & counters
Auxiliary relays
Emergency batteries
ICAF SYSTEM
Components:
Foam Supply
• No bladder
• Stainless steel
• Pressure vessel type
(ASME Sect. VIII, Div. 1)
• Up to 550+ gallons
ICAF SYSTEM
Components:
Foam Supply
Foam outlet
Air supply inlet
Foam refilling valve
Foam level
sight tube
Siphon tube
Pressure vessel type tank
(normally non-pressurized)
ICAF SYSTEM
Components:
Air Supply
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Factory assembled
4, 6, 8 or 10 cyl. skid
Pressure transducer
Field refilling port
Labor reducing
ICAF SYSTEM
Components:
Pressure sensor
Refilling port
Air Supply
Pressure gauge
Factory adjusted
pressure regulator
Pressure
outlet
(100psi)