Transcript Slide 1

POLITICAL PARTIES IN THE UNITED STATES
Political parties have shifted many times in approximately 220 years of national
politics. Even when parties have kept the same names for long periods, their
issues, principles, demographics, and regional support all change over time.
These charts show the evolution of political party systems in the U.S. since
1788. Each “party system” is a roughly defined time period in which two major
political parties, each with fairly consistent supporters and beliefs, dominated
the political scene.
The colored lines represent organized parties that had a significant impact on
national politics, electing members of Congress or receiving more than 1% of
the vote for President. Where the lines merge and split, parties split or party
affiliations changed dramatically in a short period of time.
Presidential candidates are also listed for each party, with the winning
candidate in bold.
Revolution of 1800
Development of Political
Parties
1788-1810s
Anti
-Federalists
Secretary of State
Jefferson
Federalists
Jefferson - 3
Madison - 4
Monroe - 5
Washington-1
Hartford Convention, 1814
Secretary of the
Treasury Hamilton
Adams - 2
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Monroe - 5
JQ Adams- 6
Jackson - 7
Henry Clay
“The Corrupt Bargain”
Introduction of a Third Party –
also Workingman’s Party
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Development of
Political Parties
1830s-1840s
WH Harrison - 9
Polk - 11
Tyler - 10
Van Buren - 8
FREE SOIL
(Harrison first president to
die in office. VP John Tyler
becomes president)
Taylor - 12
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Development of Political Parties 1840s-1860s
Stephen A. Douglas
Fillmore
Taylor – 12
- 13
Taylor dies in office; VP Fillmore replaces him
Buchanan - 15
Pierce - 14
Immigration graph - open and scroll down
Lincoln - 16
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Development of
Political Parties
1860s-1880s
Cleveland - 22
George B. McCellan
(UNION)
Garfield 2nd president to be assassinated;
replaced by VP Chester Arthur
Abraham Lincoln
PROHIBITION
Lincoln - -16
A. Johnson
17
1860
Lincoln first
president to be
assassinated;
replaced- by
Grant
18VP
Andrew Johnson
Hayes- 19 Garfield
Arthur-- 21
20
1864
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Development of
Political Parties
1860s-1880s
George B. McCellan
Abraham Lincoln
Gilded Age 1870-1900
PROHIBITION
•High voter turnout – 75%
• Loyalty to the two major parties
Democratic Bloc





White southerners
(preservation of
white supremacy)
Catholics
Recent immigrants
(esp. Jews)
Urban working
poor (pro-labor)
Most farmers
1860
Republican Bloc





Northern whites
(pro-business)
African Americans
Northern
Protestants
Old WASPs (support
for anti-immigrant laws)
Most of the middle class
1864
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Development of
Political Parties
1880s-1900
DEMOCRATIC
REPUBLICAN
Cleveland - 22
PROHIBITION
B. Harrison - 23
Cleveland - 24
McKinley - 25
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Development of
Political Parties
1890s-1910
SOCIALIST
DEMOCRATIC
REPUBLICAN
PROHIBITION
McKinley 3rd president
to be assassinated in 36
years; replaced by VP
Theodore Roosevelt
T. Roosevelt
McKinley
- 25- 26
Taft - 27
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Development of
Political Parties
1890s-1910
SOCIALIST
DEMOCRATIC
REPUBLICAN
PROHIBITION
McKinley 3rd president
to be assassinated in 36
years; replaced by VP
Theodore Roosevelt
T. Roosevelt
McKinley
- 25- 26
Taft - 27
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Development of Political Parties 1910s-1920s
SOCIALIST
DEMOCRATIC
REPUBLICAN
PROHIBITION
Taft – 27
Wilson – 28 Harding – 29
Harding dies in office; VP
Coolidge replaces
him– 31
Hoover
Coolidge – 30
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Development of Political Parties 1930s-1940s
• The Dixiecrats were a short-lived segregationist breakaway faction of the Democratic Party in 1948. They
opposed racial integration and wanted to retain Jim Crow laws and white supremacy in the face of possible
federal intervention. SC Gov. Strom Thurmond won 4 deep-South states and 39 electoral votes.
• Henry Wallace, running for the Progressive Party, a left-wing independent party, won over a million popular
votes but no electoral votes.
J. Strom Thurmond
x
STATES’ RIGHTS DEMOCRATIC PARTY
(DIXIECRAT)
Franklin D.
Roosevelt
Alfred E. Smith
Franklin D.
Roosevelt (I)
Franklin D.
Roosevelt (I)
x
Franklin D.
Roosevelt (I)
Harry S. Truman (I)
Adlai Stevenson
x
DEMOCRATIC
Herbert Hoover
x
REPUBLICAN
x
Herbert Hoover (I)
x
Alfred M. Landon
Wendell L. Willkie
x
x
Thomas E. Dewey
Thomas E. Dewey
Dwight D.
Eisenhower
FDR dies in office in 1945; VP Truman replaces him
1932 Issues of the Day: 1936 Issues of the Day:
• The Great Depression • The Great Depression
• Prohibition
and the New Deal
• Repeal of Prohibition
(21st Amendment)
Hoover – 31
Roosevelt–1932
32
1928
1930
1934
1936
1940 Issues of the Day:
• U.S. neutrality in the
European conflict.
1938
1944 Issues of the Day:
• World War II
Truman – 33
1940
1942
1944
1948 Issues of the Day:
• Cold War
• Marshal Plan
• Berlin Airlift
1952 Issues of the Day:
• Cold War
• Korean War
• Communism at home
Eisenhower – 34
1946
1948
1950
1952
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Development of Political Parties 1950s-1960s
• Former Alabama Gov. George Wallace ran as the candidate of the American Independent Party after his prosegregation policies were rejected by the mainstream Democratic Party. He won five Southern states and 46
electoral votes, but the election did not go to the House of Representatives as he hoped (Corrupt Bargain of 1824).
• Wallace would run again in the 1972 Democratic primaries until his campaign would be stopped by an assassin’s
bullets that left him permanently paralyzed.
George Wallace
x
AMERICAN INDEPENDENT PARTY
Adlai Stevenson
John F.
Kennedy
Adlai Stevenson
x
x
Lyndon B.
Johnson (I)
Dwight D.
Eisenhower (I)
George McGovern
Richard M.
Nixon
Richard M.
Nixon (I)
x
DEMOCRATIC
REPUBLICAN
Dwight D.
Eisenhower
Hubert H. Humphrey
x
x
Richard M. Nixon
Barry M. Goldwater
x
Kennedy is 4th president to be assassinated;
replaced by VP Lyndon B. Johnson
1956 Issues of the Day: 1960 Issues of the Day:
• Cold War/Communism • Cold War
(McCarthy Hearings,
• Space Race
Hungary, Suez Canal)
• Civil Rights
• Brown v. Board of Ed.
1964 Issues of the Day:
• Cold War/Vietnam
• Great Society
• Civil Rights
• Good Economy
Kennedy – 35Johnson – 36Nixon – 37
Eisenhower – 34
1950
1952
1954
1956
1958
1960
1962
1964
1968 Issues of the Day:
• Cold War/Vietnam War
• Civil Rights
• Assassinations (MLK,
RFK)
1966
1968
1972 Issues of the Day:
• Cold War/Vietnam
• Foreign Relations
(USSR, China(
• Watergate
1970
1972
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Development of Political Parties 1970s-1980s
George McGovern
x
Jimmy Carter
In August 1974, Nixon becomes the only
President to resign from office
(Watergate); replaced by VP Gerald R. Ford
Richard M.
Nixon (I)
Nixon – 37
Ford – 38
1970
1972
x
Gerald R. Ford (I)
1976 Issues of the Day:
• Watergate (Pardon of
Nixon)
• Cold War
• Economy
Jimmy Carter (I)
x
DEMOCRATIC
Walter F. Mondale
x
Michael S. Dukakis
x
Bill Clinton
REPUBLICAN
Ronald Reagan
Ronald Reagan (I)
George H.W. Bush
1980 Issues of the Day:
• Iran Hostage Crisis
•Cold War (USSR
invades Afghanistan)
• Economy - inflation
1984 Issues of the Day:
• Recession and
subsequent recovery
(start of Bull Market)
• Defense Spending
1988 Issues of the Day:
• Stock Market Crash
• Iran-Contra Affair
• Progress in US-USSR
relations (INF Treaty)
Carter – 39 Reagan – 40 Bush – 41 Clinton – 42
1974
1976
1978
1982
1984
1986
1988
1980
x
George H.W. Bush (I)
1992 Issues of the Day:
• Persian Gulf War
• Berlin Wall fall
• USSR breakup
• Recession
1990
1992
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Development of Political Parties 1990s-2000s
Bill Clinton
Bill Clinton (I)
Albert Gore, Jr.
x
x
DEMOCRATIC
x
x
George H.W. Bush (I)
Robert Dole
Barack Obama
John F. Kerry
REPUBLICAN
George W. Bush
Barack Obama (I)
x
George W. Bush (I)
x
John S. McCain
W. Mitt Romney
Bush -43
Clinton – 42
1990
1992
1996 Issues of the Day:
• Waco standoff
• Oklahoma City
Bombing
• Good economy
1994
1996
2000 Issues of the Day:
• Clinton impeachment
• Presidential ethics
• Good economy
1998
2004 Issues of the Day:
• Terrorism
• Afghan and Iraq Wars
• Job growth
Obama -44
2000
2002
2004
2008 Issues of the Day:
• Great Recession
• Financial panic
• Bailouts
• Iraq War
2006
2008
2012 Issues of the Day:
• Role of gov’t,
spending and tax rate,
(Obamacare) Iran,
Arab Spring,
2010
2012
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Development of Political Parties 2010-2030
Barack Obama
DEMOCRATIC
REPUBLICAN
x
W. Mitt Romney
2016 Possible Candidates
2016 Issues of the Day:
2020 Issues of the Day:
2024 Issues of the Day:
2028 Issues of the Day:
2032 Issues of the Day:
Obama -44
2010
2012
2014
2016
2018
2020
2022
2024
2026
2028
2030
2032
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