Transcript Printed Reports and Forecasts

Printed Reports and Forecasts
Chapter 9, Section C
Weather Source
• Aviation Weather Center
– www.awc-kc.noaa.gov/
awc/aviation_weather_center.html
• DTC or Data Transformation Corp
– http://www.duat.com
– 1 800 245-3828
• DynCorp
– http://www.duats.com
– 1 800 767-9989
METAR
• Aviation routine weather reports
• METAR are routinely taken every hour at
50 past the hour. They are usually entered
into the computer on the hour
• SPECI are special aviation weather report
Visibility
• Prevailing visibility is the greatest distance
an observer can see and identify objects
through at least half of the horizon
• RVR - Runway visual range is based on
what a pilot in a moving aircraft should see
when looking down the runway
Sky Condition
• Ceiling is defined as the height of the
lowest layer of clouds or obscuring
phenomena that is reported as broken or
overcast
• If tops are know, your can find the thickness
of clouds by adding the airport elevation to
the height to the base of the clouds and
subtract from the height of the cloud tops
Obscurations
• With obscurations such as fog, haze and
smoke, the vertical distance that you can see
is reported as vertical visibility
• VV008 would indicate that the sky is
obscured with a vertical visibility of 800
feet
Obscurations
• FG - Fog is used when visibility is less than
5/8 of a mile
• BR - Mist is used when visibility is between
5/8 of a mile and 6 miles
• SQ - Squall indicates an increase of wind
speed by 15 knots to a sustained speed of 20
knots or more for at least one minute
Remarks Codes
• A02 - automated station with precipitation
discriminator
• RAE42SNB42 - rain ended and snow began
at 42 past the hour
• PRESFR - Pressure falling rapidly
• SLP - Sea level pressure 1004.5 millibars
• T00081016 - Temperature .8o C and
dewpoint is -1.6o C
RADAR Weather Reports
• Defines areas of precipitation especially
thunderstorms
• You must plot using Azimuth and range from
reporting stations referencing true north
• Much easier to use RADAR Summary charts
or doppler radar or national RADAR
compostite
PIREPs
• Pilot weather reports - best reports for bases
and tops of clouds, in-flight visibility, icing
conditions, wind shear and turbulence
• PIREPs use a standard format Mandatory
–
–
–
–
–
UA routine report
UUA urgent report
OV location in relation to a navaid
TM time in Coordinated Universal Time
FL Altitude or flight level
TP aircraft type
PIREPs
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
SK Sky cover
WX Flight visibility and weather
TA temperature
WV wind
TB turbulence
IC icing
RM remarks
TAF
• Terminal Aerodrome Forecast - valid for a 24
hour period and scheduled four times a day
• Primary source of destination weather
• AMD means and amended forecast
• COR means a corrected forecast
• RTD indicates a delayed forecast
Contractions
• VRB - wind direction is variable
• 00000KT - calm wind
• P6SM - prevailing visibility expected to be
greater than 6 statue miles
• SKC - sky clear
• PROB40 2102 +TSRA - 40% probability of
thunderstorms with heavy rain between
2100Z and 0200 Z
Area Forecast FA
• Issued three times a day and include a
forecast period of 18 hours
• We are in the Chicago region
• Consists of four sections
–
–
–
–
Heading
Precautionary statements
Synopsis
VFR Clouds and Weather
Area Forecast FA
• VFR Clouds and weather section
summarizes sky condition, cloud heights,
visibility, obstructions to vision,
precipitation, and sustained surface winds
of 20 knots or greater
• When winds are to be 20 knots or greater
the categorical outlook includes the
contraction WND
Wind and Temperature Aloft
• Usually given for nine level between 3,000
and 39,000 feet
• Winds are given in true direction and speed in
knots
• Winds not forecast within 1,500 feet of station
elevation
• Temperature not forecast for the 3,000-foot
level or with 2,500 feet of the station elevation
Wind and Temperature Aloft
• Uses a four digit code for wind speed and
direction, the first two digits are the wind
direction in hundreds of degrees
• The second two digits indicate wind speed
• A two digit temperature code in degrees
Celsius follows the wind speed and direction
code
• All temperature above 24,000 feet are negative