Transcript intro.phys.psu.edu

Satellites
By,
Michael Morelli, Daniel Saikami, Isai
Martinez
Introduction
-What are Satellites?
● An artificial object intentionally placed in orbit around our planet.
-How many are in orbit right now?
●
There are approximately 1,235 operating satellites currently in orbit.
History
-The world’s first artificial satellite, the Sputnik
1, was launched by the Soviet Union in 1957
-First system of satellites were made up of 24
satellites
Prevailing view
-Satellites couldn’t exist at the time (before
1920s) because no objects at the time could
keep up with gravitation force and the rotation
of the earth
-The Space Race, during the cold war helped
to push for more scientific development into
satellites and military technologies
Views Continued
The first successful manned
flight was 1903 by the
Wright brothers, within
44 years the first
orbiting satellite
Sputnik was created.
Prominent People
-Konstantin Tsiolkovsky (1857–1935)
● Calculated the minimal speed for orbit around earth at 8 m/s
● Figured out that this orbit was achievable by using
multi-stage rockets fueled by liquid propellants.
-Herman Potočnik (1892–1929)
● Theorized about a space station in orbit around the earth
and for radio communication from the satellites to the ground
Impact on society
Communication-being able to communicate
with another individual across the globe
Navigation-being able to travel across the globe
and not run into another vessel using GPS
Military-Development into orbital defense and
prevention
Communication
-The world’s first artificial communications
satellite was the Echo 1 launched by NASA,
which was able to relay signals to other points
on the Earth
-With the use of communication satellites,
means of communication have become more
accessible and easier to use
Communication
-Because of communication satellites, new
technology has arose in society
-Examples: Satellite telephones,
Internet, Radio, and Television
-You may recognize these in the form of Sirius
XM Radio, Dish Networks, and Iridium phones
Navigation (GPS)
-Global Positioning System, sends information
between satellites to triangulate the difference
in time from point A to point B
-Can be used from any device
that receives data from
satellites (I.E. the smart phone
in your pocket)
Military
-The U.S. Department of Defense first started the program
for GPS in 1973
-The 24 original satellites were operational by 1995
-Examples: Missile Targeting and Defense Systems
Physics of Satellites
How to get into orbit?
Answer: Satellites are projectiles that fall
around the earth instead of on it
A satellites horizontal component of speed has
to be 8000 m/s to compensate its drop of 5 m/s
vertical component to align with its curvature of
earth and orbit it in a circular motion
Bibliography
●
"Circular Motion Principles for Satellites." Circular Motion Principles for Satellites. N.p., n.d. Web. 27
Feb. 2015. http://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/circles/Lesson-4/Circular-Motion-Principles-forSatellites
●
"UCS Satellite Database." Union of Concerned Scientists. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Feb. 2015.
http://www.ucsusa.org/nuclear_weapons_and_global_security/solutions/space-weapons/ucs-satellitedatabase.html#.VPDI_fnF_ZY
●
Staff, LiveScience. "Wright Brothers & First Flight | The Greatest Moments in Flight | Space.com." N.p.,
n.d. Web. 28 Feb. 2015. http://www.space.com/16634-wright-brothers-first-flight.html
●
Dunbar, Brian. NASA. NASA, n.d. Web. 28 Feb. 2015. http://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/58/features/what-is-a-satellite-58.html#.VPDJbkJH1AY