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Waste Inventory Records
Keeping Systems
United States of America
Douglas Tonkay
U.S. Department of Energy
Washington, DC
Office of Commercial Disposition Options
August 28, 2005
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Objectives
 Overview of radioactive waste classes
 Overview strategies for waste disposal
 Review regulatory requirements
 Identify waste information collected
 Describe selected WIRKS at disposal sites
 Describe the Manifest Information
Management System
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Nuclear waste – significant experience
 Both government and commercial sectors, authority
via the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended

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Defense waste – ~60 years
Nuclear fuel cycle, industry, power and research
reactors, medicine, and academic institutions produce
civilian waste – ~50 years
 Recordkeeping requirements in Federal and State
regulations
 States have hazardous waste authority, under
Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)
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Radioactive Waste Classification in the
United States
USA
Radioactive
Waste Classes
DOE/Gov’t
NRC/Commercial
HLW
HLW
LLW
LLW
Class A
TRU Waste
Class B
Byproduct
Class C
GTCC
Byproduct
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General Overview of Waste
Acceptance Process
 Waste generators have waste acceptance criteria
stemming from license conditions and/or
performance assessment
 Generators/processors are approved/certified to ship
waste based on program reviews by disposal site
operators
 Generators/processors develop “profiles” for each
waste stream, which are individually approved by
disposal sites prior to shipment
 Waste shipments under approved profiles are
documented in manifests
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Locations of Nuclear Power Plants, Research
Reactors and Spent Fuel Storage Facilities
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Disposal Facilities in the U.S.
 Commercial (LLW)
 3 Operating facilities: Barnwell, SC; Richland,
WA, and Clive, UT
 Future site near Andrews, TX in licensing
 Government (USDOE)
 Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (TRU waste)
 LLW disposal at 5 sites
 4 Sites with disposal cells open from cleanup
 Mixed LLW disposal at 2 sites
 Future HLW repository at Yucca Mountain, NV
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DOE’s Waste Disposal Facility Configuration
Hanford
West
Valley
Fermi
INL
Ames
ANL-W
RMI
Mound
LBNL
LEHR
Bettis
ANL-E
Rocky Flats
Kansas City
Fernald
NTS
BCL
Portsmouth
LLNL
SLAC
Sandia
Knolls
Paducah
Brookhaven
LANL
ETEC
General
Atomics
Oak Ridge
Sandia
ITRI
WIPP
Princeton
(PPPL)
Savannah River
Pantex Plant
Legend
Regional Disposal Facility
DOE Generator Site (no on-site disposal
facility)
Planned geologic repository
LLW Operations Disposal Facility
CERCLA Disposal Facility
MLLW Operations Disposal Facility
Waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP)
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October 25, 2001
MLLW Operations Disposal Facility (currently on-site waste only)
Waste Inventory Record Keeping in
the United States
 “Haves”
 WIRKS at disposal sites,
 Record retention and archival requirements
 Uniform manifests to ensure data is passed
from generator to disposal site operator
 Manifest Information Management System for
commercial LLW shipments
 “Have not”
 National level WIRKS, except NRC inventories
of spent nuclear fuel & sealed sources
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Regulatory Requirements
 Commercial generators subject to U.S.
Nuclear Regulatory Commission or
Agreement State regulations (33 of 50 states)
 Department of Energy subject to similar
Orders and regulations

DOE Radioactive Waste Management Order
includes recordkeeping requirements
 Separate regulations (RCRA) apply to
hazardous waste (MLLW and TRU)
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NRC (and compatible Agreement
State) Regulations
 Land disposal (LLW) in 40 CFR Part 61
 Maintain and retain records during life of facility
 Electronic records keeping system
 Transfer after closure to government
 Data elements specified
 Geologic disposal (HLW) in 40 CFR Part 60
 Maintain and retain records during facility operations
and for future generations (WIRKS not yet built)
 History of waste (storage, shipment, disposal)
 Detailed information on waste placement, access
ramps, shafts, site boundaries etc.
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Waste Information Sources
 Waste generators create manifests to ship waste to
processors/brokers or disposal sites
 Brokers and processors generate manifests that may
combine data from several generators into a single
manifest prior to disposal
 Waste disposal operators
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Generate disposal data, e.g., location and disposal
barriers or overpacks
Maintain data over facility lifetime and follow
regulations for archival upon closure
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Manifest Index and Regional Compact
Tabulation (Form 542)
• Waste collector/process
•Name, ID number, shipping date, & manifest #
• From all original processed waste generators and/or
collected waste generators
•Generator name, ID #, address, & telephone #
•Preprocessed waste volume
•Manifest number (as received) and receipt date
•Waste code p=processed or c=collected
•Originating compact or state
•Total mass, grams of SNM, activity, and volume
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Manifest Container and Waste Description
(Form 541)
• Manifest totals
• Disposal container description
• ID#, type, volume, weight, surface rad level,
surface contamination
• Waste description in each container
• Physical, chemical, & radiological, includes
sorbents, solidification, and chelating agents,
• Waste classification (A, B, and C)
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Comparison of Uniform Manifest with
IAEA WIRKS data
= in NRC manifest
= in disposal site WIRKS
= in RCRA documentation
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Where to find Manifest Forms
 Uniform Low-Level Radioactive Waste Manifest -- Container and
Waste Description
http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/forms/nrc541.pdf
 Uniform Low-Level Radioactive Waste Manifest -- Container and
Waste Description (continuation)
http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/forms/nrc541a.pdf
 Uniform Low-Level Radioactive Waste Manifest -- Manifest Index
and Regional Compact Tabulation
http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/forms/nrc542.pdf
 Uniform Low-Level Radioactive Waste Manifest --Manifest Index
and Regional Compact Tabulation (continuation)
http://www.nrc.gov/reading-rm/doc-collections/forms/nrc542a.pdf
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Examples of DOE Site WIRKS
 Solid Waste Information Tracking System
(SWITS)
 Integrated Waste Tracking System (IWTS) at
Idaho National Laboratory
 Waste Isolation Pilot Plant Waste Information
Management System (WWIS)
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SWITS
 Used for solid (LLW and TRU) waste
management at Hanford site
 Waste stream profiles developed and
approved
 Manages characterization data on containers
(both radiological and hazardous)
 Tracks waste from accumulation to
disposition
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IWTS
 Many similar features as SWITS
 Information on waste characterization, container
characterization, and waste movement/processing
 3-tiered facility models, using x-y-z grids to represent
waste management facilities
 Allows real-time remote inventory and verification
 Accommodates historical “genealogy” information to
trace combination of various containers or vice-versa
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WWIS
 Used for TRU waste disposal at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant
 Generators use WWIS to submit:
Waste stream profiles (characterization module)
 Characterization data on specific containers (certification
module)
 Shipping information on assembled containers, dunnage,
etc. (shipping module)
 DOE uses WWIS to approve waste streams, certify waste,
approve shipments
 Internet-based access to generators/shippers
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 Includes emplacement and approval/certification data
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WWIS Shipment Assemblies
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WWIS Shipment Payload Data
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WWIS Information and Sources
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WWIS Information and Sources
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WWIS Public Access Information
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Manifest Information Management
System
 Similar to a “National WIRKS”
 Covers commercial LLW shipped to disposal
 Data extracted from disposal site operators’
WIRKS
 Data collected since 1985
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Barnwell, South Carolina (operating)
Richland, Washington (operating)
Beatty, Nevada (closed)
Envirocare of Utah (operating)
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Manifest Information Management
System
 Publicly available on the internet at:
http://mims.apps.em.doe.gov/
 Limited Information available either by
manifest or user specified time period
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Waste volumes and activity
Shipper ID
Waste class and generator class
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Summary
 The US has multiple waste classes and disposal
facilities
 The US does not have a national WIRKS, with the
exception of spent fuel and sealed sources
 The uniform waste manifest used in the commercial
sector ensures information flow from generation thru
disposal
 Regulations require waste record keeping systems
and records archival at all disposal facilities
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