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European Commission, Directorate-General Energy and Transport
EU Activities on Hydrogen
07/07/2015
Energy consumption and CO2 emission
Alternative fuels development
Hydrogen perspectives
EU support to hydrogen development
Slide 1
European Commission, Directorate-General Energy and Transport
Trends in Energy Consumption
EU-25
Baseline trends
2500
Mtoe
2000
Coal
Oil
1500
Natural Gas
Nuclear
1000
Renewable
Total
500
0
1990
2000
2010
2020
2030
• Oil remains main energy source
• Natural gas increases its share considerably
• Renewable energy sources remain at low level
07/07/2015
Slide 2
European Commission, Directorate-General Energy and Transport
Trends in CO2 Emissions
EU-25
Baseline trends
Mt CO2
5000
4500
4000
3500
3000
Transport
2500
2000
1500
1000
Households
Electricity
Industry
Tertiary
Energy
Total
500
0
1990
2000
2010
2020
2030
• CO2 emissions increase after 2010
• Electricity production and transport remain main emitters
07/07/2015
Slide 3
European Commission, Directorate-General Energy and Transport
EU Activities on Alternative Fuels
EU activities on alternative fuels are part of a policy aiming at:
Security of energy supply
Reduction of greenhouse gas emissions
(Energy Green Paper 11/2000)
(Transport White Paper 9/2001)
Energy efficiency and alternative fuels are complementary
Communication on alternative fuels (11/2001):
Biofuels, Natural gas, Hydrogen
Contact Group Alternative Fuels (Report 12/2003):
Expert assessment of market development perspectives of the main alternative fuels
High Level Group Hydrogen (Report 5/2003):
Vision of a hydrogen economy
European Technology Platform on hydrogen and fuel cells(1/2004):
Facilitator to research, development and deployment
Research Framework Programmes with increasing efforts on hydrogen, fuel cells
Research & development & demonstration projects (e.g. CUTE hydrogen bus project)
07/07/2015
Slide 4
European Commission, Directorate-General Energy and Transport
Alternative Fuels
Market Development Scenario
25
23
Hydrogen
5
20
Natural Gas
Biofuels
14
15
2
%
10
8
10
5
2
5
2
0
2005
07/07/2015
6
2
2010
7
2015
8
2020
Slide 5
European Commission, Directorate-General Energy and Transport
Contribution of Alternative Fuels
20% market share of alternative fuels provide
Security of energy supply
Substitution of 70 Megatonnes oil per year,
Amount of total North Sea production in 2020
Reduction of greenhouse gas emissions
Saving of 80 Megatonnes CO2 per year,
Amount of about 10% of total transport emissions
07/07/2015
Slide 6
European Commission, Directorate-General Energy and Transport
Main Alternative Fuels
- Perspectives and Issues Bio Fuels:
Domestic resource base; mature for the broad market.
economic incentives
Broadening of resource base with synthetic biofuels.
feedstock, logistics, pilot plants
Natural gas:
Diversification of resource base; potential for
significant market share in the medium term.
supply infrastructure, vehicle choice,
economic incentives
Hydrogen:
Potential for main energy carrier in the long term.
broad research + focused technical development;
integrated (“lighthouse”) demonstration projects
07/07/2015
Slide 7
European Commission, Directorate-General Energy and Transport
Alternative Fuels Contact Group
Objective
Technical and economic assessment
of alternative motor fuels;
Priority on natural gas and hydrogen;
Biomass derived synthetic fuels
and LPG included.
Members of expert group
Fuel suppliers, car manufacturers,
consumers, research institutions,
civil society
07/07/2015
Slide 8
European Commission, Directorate-General Energy and Transport
Energy Consumption and CO2 Emission
- Hydrogen and conventional Vehicles WTT: Well-To-Tank
TTW: Tank-To-Wheels
WTW: Well-To-Wheels
Energy
C-H2 FC hyb.
C-H2 FC hyb.
2010
FC
C-H2 FC
H2
*
C-H2 FC
C-H2 PISI hyb.
C-H2 PISI hyb.
L-H2 PISI
L-H2 PISI
C-H2 PISI
C-H2 PISI
CNG PISI hyb.
2010
FC
H2
*
CNG PISI hyb.
TTW
CNG PISI
WTT
Conv. Diesel Hyb+DPF
TTW
CNG PISI
WTT
Conv. Diesel Hyb+DPF
Gasoline Hyb
2010
ICE
Conv. Diesel DICI+DPF
Gasoline PISI
Gasoline Hyb
2010
ICE
Conv. Diesel DICI+DPF
Gasoline PISI
Conv. Diesel DICI
2002
Gasoline PISI
Conv. Diesel DICI
2002
Gasoline PISI
0
100
200
300
MJ / 100 km
07/07/2015
GHG
400
500
0
50
100
150
200
250
g CO2eq / km
Slide 9
European Commission, Directorate-General Energy and Transport
Hydrogen Economics
Hydrogen fuel supply cost
With most economic supply of hydrogen from natural
gas steam reforming: Twice the cost of petrol (€/J).
Economic with high efficiency fuel cell engine
Hydrogen infrastructure cost
With economic customer base for re-filling stations:
cost in the range of a few percent of the vehicle cost.
Economic with staged build-up from clusters
Hydrogen vehicle cost
Presently very high costs of fuel cells and tanks
Large reduction required
07/07/2015
Slide 10
European Commission, Directorate-General Energy and Transport
Investment Cost for H2 Infrastructure
(10,000 filling stations)
Investment [billion EUR]
16
low utilized filling station
14
Filling stations
12
LH2 trailers
H2 compression
10
H2 liquefaction
H2 generation
reasonable utilized filling station
8
6
4
2
0
LH2 El
LH2 NG
CGH2 El
(onsite)
CGH2 NG
(onsite)
5 million vehicles
07/07/2015
LH2 El
LH2 NG
CGH2 El
(onsite)
CGH2 NG
(onsite)
9 million vehicles
Slide 11
European Commission, Directorate-General Energy and Transport
Fuel supply cost
per liter gasoline equivalent
Fuel supply costs [EUR/l gasoline equivalent ]
3,00
2,50
Filling station
Distribution
H2 compression
H2 liquefaction
incl. 10 kV
distribution: +1 cents/kWhe
incl. 0.4 kV
distribution: +3 cents/kWhe
LH2 El-4: 4 cents/kWhel
LH2 El-7: 7 cents/kWhel
LH2 El-10: 10 cents/kWhel
H2 generation
2,00
1,50
1,00
0,50
gasoline
0,00
LH2 El-4 LH2 El-7 LH2 El-10 LH2 NG
4 cents/kWh (HV)
7 cents/kWh (HV)
CGH2 Electrolysis (onsite)
07/07/2015
10 cents/kWh (HV)
CGH2 NG
(onsite)
Slide 12
European Commission, Directorate-General Energy and Transport
Co-Production of Hydrogen and
Synthetic Fuels from Biomass
Hydrogen Fuel
H2
Biomass
Thermal
Gasification
Gas-To-Liquid
(GTL)
CO
Biomass-ToLiquid (BTL)
Fuels
Synthesis
Synthesis
gas
Production plants for synthetic fuels from biomasse
could allow co-production of:
Hydrogen / liquid Biomass-To-Liquid (BTL) fuels
07/07/2015
Slide 13
European Commission, Directorate-General Energy and Transport
EU Funding for Hydrogen and Fuel Cell
Research and Development
Support in Framework Programmes FP2-FP6 (1986-2006)
250
?
200
(M€)
FP2
FP3
FP4
FP5
FP6
145
150
100
58
50
32
8
0
FP2
07/07/2015
FP3
FP4
FP5
FP6
Slide 14
European Commission, Directorate-General Energy and Transport
EU Funding for Hydrogen and Fuel Cell
Research and Development
Fifth Framework Programme (1998-2002):
145 M€
(About 70 projects)
Sixth Framework Programme contracts in 2004: 100 M€
(16 new projects)
New calls with Community funding in 2005:
~ 150 M€
(Evaluation in February 2005)
Growth Initiative Quick Start Projects 2004-2015: 2.8 b€
(European Council 12 December 2003)
07/07/2015
Slide 15
European Commission, Directorate-General Energy and Transport
EU funded Hydrogen Projects
in Sixth Framework Programme
Contracts awarded 2003-2004:
Hydrogen production:
5 projects
Hydrogen storage:
1 projects
Safety, regulations, codes, standards:
2 projects
Hydrogen pathways:
7 projects
Hydrogen end-use:
3 projects
07/07/2015
Slide 16
European Commission, Directorate-General Energy and Transport
Hydrogen Demonstration Project
CUTE - Clean Urban Transport for Europe
27 hydrogen powered buses
Demonstration in 9 European cities
(Porto, Madrid, Barcelona, London,
Luxembourg, Hamburg, Stuttgart,
Amsterdam and Stockholm)
Production, distribution and refueling
Exploring the potential of renewables
as primary energy source
Co-operation with Iceland (ECTOS)
and Australia (STEP)
07/07/2015
http://www.fuel-cell-bus-club.com/index.html
Slide 17
European Commission, Directorate-General Energy and Transport
European Hydrogen and Fuel Cells
Technology Platform
Commission H/FC Project Team
(Inter-service Group)
HLG Vision
Member States’
Mirror Group
Steering
Panels :
(possible)
Initiative
Groups :
Advisory Council
Strategic Research
Agenda
H2/ FC
Roadmap
TP Secretariat
Information Office
IT Support Service
(incl. Executive Group)
Public
awareness
Deployment Strategy
(incl. policy framework)
Safety, codes
& standards
Financing &
Business
development
Education &
training
PLATFORM OPERATIONS
New and on-going projects and initiatives (EC + MS national, regional and local)
GENERAL ASSEMBLY
(Bi-) annual Technology Platform Forum
07/07/2015
Slide 18
European Commission, Directorate-General Energy and Transport
European Hydrogen and Fuel Cells
Technology Platform
Expected deliverables:
Strategic Research Agenda (March 2005)
Deployment Strategy (March 2005)
European Roadmap for Hydrogen and Fuel Cells
Proposals for Public-Private Partnerships
Framework for Platform / policy making interaction
Strategy for international cooperation
07/07/2015
Slide 19
European Commission, Directorate-General Energy and Transport
Future European Hydrogen and Fuel Cell
Research and Development Programme
Seventh RTD Framework Programme
Period: 2007-2013
Budget proposal: Doubling of Sixth Framework funds
Strategic Orientientation: COM(2004)353 of 16 June 2004
Time schedule:
Framework programme proposal:
Work programme proposal:
Adoption of both programmes:
First calls for project proposals:
Spring 2005
Autumn 2005
Summer 2006
End 2006
New Element: Joint Technology Initiative:
Large-scale public-private partnerships involving high investments,
New integrated approach to RTD,
Legal, technical, managerial frameworks required.
07/07/2015
Slide 20