Transcript ARTS IIIE ACD HARDWARE MAINTENANCE

History
of
Terminal
Automation
1
Preview
Automation is the description for computer
processors used to identify aircraft, predict
flight paths and altitude, and notify air traffic
controllers of developing dangerous
situations. Terminal Automation is the term
used to describe the processors used in the
controlling of airspace surrounding airports
where flights originate or terminate.
Page 2-1
2
Overview and Job Relevance
In this lesson you will cover the history and
evolution of Automation in controlling Air
Traffic, specifically in the terminal area. This
history will give you an understanding of why
there is a need for Terminal Automation and
how it has made control of air traffic safer
and more efficient.
Page 2-1
3
Objective
Using all classroom notes, handouts, and
documentation, the student will identify
significant historical events and
developments in the evolution of Automation
in accordance with this student guide.
Page 2-1
4
Lecture 2
•
Impact of Automation
•
•
Page 2-1
A Brief History Lesson
The Need for Air Traffic Control
• Wright Brothers in 1903
• VFR
• Terminal Congestion
5
Lecture 2
•
The First Controller
•
•
•
•
Figure 2-1
Page 2-2
Archie William League
Flags (Green & Red)
Mixed Communication
Multiple Pilots in view
6
Lecture 2
•
Light Guns
•
•
•
P/O Table 2-1
Page 2-2
Still Used
No Radios
Weather Drawbacks
7
Lecture 2
•
Table 2-1
Page 2-2
Light Guns (Continued)
8
Lecture 2
•
Two-Way Radios
•
•
•
•
Page 2-3
More Effective
Still Expensive
Direct Contact with Pilots
Airborne Navigation Devices
9
Lecture 2
•
Maps and “Shrimp Boats”
•
•
•
•
Figure 2-2
Page 2-4
En Route and Terrain Maps
Brass Markers
Flight Strips Attached
More Controllers Needed
10
Lecture 2
•
From Maps to Radars
•
•
•
•
Figure 2-3
Page 2-5
Radio Detection And Ranging
Developed for Air Defense
The Radar “blip”
Plastic “Shrimp Boats” used
11
Lecture 2
Controllers Using “Shrimp Boats”
Figure 2-4
Page 2-6
12
Lecture 2
•
IFF
•
•
•
•
•
•
Page 2-6
Identification Friend or Foe
Interrogator
Transponder
Challenge Pulse
Reply
“Friendly” Radar “Blip”
13
Lecture 2
• ATCRBS
•
•
•
•
•
Air Traffic Control Radar Beacon System
Principles of IFF
Six Modes of Interrogation
Octal Based System (4096 codes)
Beacon Decoder
3 microseconds
1
Military
5 microseconds
2
Military
8 microseconds
3/A Military and Civilian
17 microseconds
B
Civilian primarily
used in Europe
C
Civilian includes
Altitude Encoding
D
Civilian, not currently
used
21 microseconds
25 microseconds
Table 2-2
Page 2-7
Sync
4
Military only
Enciphered
14
Lecture 2
•
IDENT
•
•
Special Identification Pulse
Double-Width Beacon Slash
•
Emergency
• Aural Alarm Box
• 77XX Codes
• “Double Bloomer”
• ATCRBS Drawbacks
• Controller maintains
Positive Identification and
Separation
Page 2-8
15
Lecture 2
Secondary Radar System
Figure 2-5
Page 2-9
16
Lecture 2
•
TPX-42
•
•
•
Direct Altitude and Identity Readout
Numeric Representation
Beacon Decoder/Filter
•
Additional Features
• Shrinking Circles
• Trail Dots
• Altitude Encoding
• Mode C
• Hundreds of Feet
Page 2-10
17
Lecture 2
• Modifications and Upgrades
•
•
•
•
Page 2-11
Semi-computer
Expensive
980B (Low Altitude Alerting System)
Programmable Indicator Data Processor
18
Lecture 2
• ARTS I
•
•
•
•
•
Advanced Radar Traffic Control System
Atlanta 1964
Univac 1218
Beacon Tracking Level
The Software
• Alpha-Numeric “Tagged”
• Data Blocks
• Controller Position Symbol
• Display
• Identity and Altitude
• Manual Altitude Inserting
Page 2-12
19
Lecture 2
• Flight Plans
•
•
•
•
Scheduling
Flight Data Input/Output
Arrival/Departure List
ARTS IA
• New York TRACON
• Additional Memory and Peripherals
Page 2-12
20
Lecture 2
ARTS I at Atlanta
Figure 2-7
Page 2-13
21
Lecture 2
•
ARTS III
•
•
•
•
Page 2-14
60 Medium to Large Sites
1969 Contract for BTL
1973 All Operational
Design
• Based on ARTS I & IA
• Hardware and Software Modularity
• Sites individually tailored
• Easily Modified and Upgraded
22
Lecture 2
•
ARTS IIIA
•
•
•
•
Page 2-14
1976 Enhancement
29 Sites
Radar and Beacon Tracking Level
Features
• Conflict Alerting
• Minimum Safe Altitude Warning
23
Lecture 2
• New York TRACON ARTS IIIA
•
•
•
•
Page 2-15
Highest traffic volume
Maxed out ARTS IIIA resources
Hardware Replaced with VME
Current Use
• Still Operating (STARS?)
24
Lecture 2
• ARTS II
•
•
•
•
•
III too expensive
TPX-42 interim
1974 contract for Burroughs/Unisys
All installed by 1978
Features
• BTL System
• Simple Design, low maintenance
• Routine Programming
• ARTS IIA
• Faster Processor more Memory
• 256 Tracks with CA and MSAW
Page 2-16
25
Lecture 2
ATC on FDAD
Figure 2-9
Page 2-17
26
Lecture 2
• En Route ARTS
•
Page 2-18
Special Terminal Environments
•
Purpose
• Center Design
• Plan View Displays
•
Operation
• Up to Five different Radars
• Radar Mosaic
27
Lecture 2
•
Differences
•
•
•
Page 2-18
Mosaic
Plan View Displays
Micro-En Route ARTS
• Replaced IOPs
• COTS Hardware
• Combined En Route and Terminal
28
Lecture 2
Controller using PVD with EARTS
Figure 2-10
Page 2-19
29
Lecture 2
•
ARTS IIIE
•
•
•
Page 2-20
Evolution of ARTS IIIA
COTS and Ethernet LANs
New York TRACON
• First IIIE Site
• Incrementally Developed
• 1986-1989 Time Frame
30
Lecture 2
•
Design
•
•
•
•
Page 2-20
Functionally Distributed
3400 Tracks and 6 Sensors
Fail Safe/Fail Soft
Testing
• No downtime to Operation
• System Performance very Strong
• Installed at Large TRACONS
31
Lecture 2
Controller using an ACD with ARTS IIIE
Page 2-21
32
Lecture 2
•
Common ARTS
•
•
•
•
Latest ARTS generation
Integrates ARTS IIA and IIIE
Software Baseline
Design
• Uses COTS Hardware
• Existing Displays & External Interfaces
• Open Technology
Page 2-22
33
Lecture 2
•
Computer Software
•
•
•
•
American National Standards Institute C Code
User Datagram Protocol/Internet Protocol
Inter-Computer CSCI Communications
ARTS IIE Configuration
• TP, CP, and SMC into the SP
• Display Network Interface Processor
• Dual Sensor and Large Single Sensor
• Two System Processors
Page 2-22
34
Lecture 2
Air Traffic Control Tower Simulation
Page 2-23
35
Lecture 2
•
STARS
•
•
•
Standard Terminal Automation Replacement
System
FAA and DOD joint venture
172 FAA Sites and 199 DOD Sites
•
Purpose
• Provides Air Traffic Control Services
• Display
• 20 x 20 Color Display
• Windows and Graphics
Page 2-24
36
Lecture 2
•
Workstations
•
•
•
Standard Processors
COTS Procurable and Upgradeable
Transition
• ARTS Backrooms
• Full transition after Controller Comfort
• Along with technician training
Page 2-24
37
Lecture 2
STARS at El Paso, Texas
Page 2-25
38
Lecture 2
Review Questions
1. The alarm generated for predicted aircraft collisions is
Conflict __________.
Alert
____________
2. What system series is commonly found at high activity airports
ARTS IIIA
___________.
Automated
3. ARTS is currently an acronym for the ______________
Radar
Terminal ____________.
System
___________ _____________
Standard
4. STARS is an acronym for the ____________________
_______________
____________________
______________.
Terminal Automation
Replacement
System
Page 2-26
39
40