Transcript Pest Management Concepts Integrated Pest Management

Lecture 15
Pest Management Methods
Student Learning Outcomes
 Outline what methods are appropriate for
managing stored-product pests
 Think of ways you can combine different pest
management methods
 Assessment by instructor:
 Ability to answer quizzes and second lecture exam
questions
Steps in Using an IPM Strategy
Identification of the problem
Assessment of damage
Cost-benefit analysis
Selection of management tactics
Implementation of management tactics
Efficacy assessment
Follow-up periodic assessment
IPM Tactics
Do nothing!
Regulations
Host resistance
Biological control
Pathogens
Cultural techniques
Physical and mechanical techniques
Chemical modification of behavior
Disruption of physiology
Do Nothing
What pest have you identified?
Is the pest really doing harm?
How much damage can be sustained without
an economic loss?
In a successful pest management program,
only monitoring for the resulting pest
population may be needed
Regulatory Control
Quarantine: limits movement of a pest
Eradication: must be applied to relatively
small geographic areas
Suppression: limits pest levels over large
geographic areas
Host Resistance
Non-preference: host characteristics that
lead away from the use of host for food
Antibiosis: deleterious effects on pest
survival resulting from feeding on a
resistant host
Tolerance: ability of a host to support a
pest population that would be damaging to
a susceptible host
Use in stored products is limited!
Biological Control
Introduction of natural enemies of the
pest
Conservation of natural enemies by careful
use of insecticides
Augmentation of natural enemies to
increase their numbers by manipulating the
environment
Pathogens
 Viruses
 Bacteria
 Fungi: Require favorable conditions for development of
epizootics (not very specific)
 Protozoa
 Nematodes
Cultural techniques
 Sanitation
 Stock rotation
 Modification of the terrain (to drain excess
water)
Physical and Mechanical
Techniques
 Heat or cold
 Light traps
 Entoleters or infestation destroyers (impact
machines)
 Pneumatic conveying
 Grain turning
 Ultrasound
 Snap traps
 Glue boards
Chemical Modification of
Behavior
 Sex pheromones
 Aggregation Pheromones
 Oviposition deterring pheromones
 Alarm pheromones
 Trail pheromones
 Repellents
 Feeding deterrents
Chemical Disruption of
Physiology
 Synthetic pesticides
 Disrupts normal physiological functions
Integration of Techniques
 Think how you would be able to combine two or more
tactics for managing a pest
 The techniques can be used together or sequentially
 It is important to use different tactics to prevent
pests from developing resistance (physiological or
behavioral)
 Integrating techniques also prolongs the use of
available pest management tactics
Integration of Techniques
 Resistant
packaging and
removal of
damaged
packages and
using sanitation
Integration of Techniques
 Heat treatment and
diatomaceous earth (DE)
By using DE, insects can be killed
at temperatures less than 50oC
Integration of Techniques
 Traps and pathogens
 Insects are attracted
to the trap with a
pheromone, but not
captured (no sticky
surface)
 The insect contacts the
pathogen applied as a
dust
 The insect contacts
others during mating
and transfers the
pathogen
Integration of Techniques
 Vegetable oil and
insecticide
 reduced by half the
amount of pirimiphosmethyl (Actellic)
needed to kill 100% of
granary weevils in
stored wheat
Integration of Techniques
 Insecticide and cooling
 pyrethroid insecticides
are more toxic to
stored-product insects
at lower temperatures
 lower temperatures
limit pest population
growth and reduce
pesticide degradation
Please think of how you would integrate different
methods for pest management in mills!
Questions
 In a food plant, think of a scenario where you
would do nothing for a particular pest population.
 When is legislative control important?
 Why is introduction of beneficial organisms into a
food plant undesirable?
 Is sanitation physical, mechanical, or cultural
control?
 List a few insect management tactics that work in
a food plant.