Best Practices in Preserving Common Content Types: Images
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Transcript Best Practices in Preserving Common Content Types: Images
PASIG Bootcamp:
Image Formats
Robert Buckley
NewMarket Imaging/
University of Rochester
PASIG - Washington
22 May 2013
1
Summary
2
Introduction to image formats
Short List
Container Formats
What is an image format?
3
Application
Format
ImageStream
Color Spec
Metadata
Sustainability Factors
4
Library of Congress
Disclosure
Adoption
Transparency
Self documentation
External dependencies
Impact of patents
Technical protection mechanisms
The National Archives
Ubiquity
Support
Disclosure
Documentation quality
Stability
Ease of identification & validation
Intellectual property rights
Metadata support
Complexity
Interoperability
Viability
Re-usability
System Sustainability Factors
5
Cost
Implementation
User Experience
Originals
6
© R.M.N./Arnaudet –
J. Schormans
Image State
7
Color Encoding
Scene-
or original-referred
Output-referred
after
a rendering decision
Plus
Image Encoding
Uncompressed
Losslessy compressed
Lossy
compressed (functionally lossless)
Metadata Encoding
Image Formats – Short List
8
Format Family
Format
Year
TIFF
TIFF 6.0 + extensions
1992
JPEG
Baseline
1993
PNG
W3C & ISO/IEC version
1996
JPEG 2000
JP2 - base file format
JPX, MJ2, JPM
2000
Raw
CR2, NEF, DNG, …
2004 (DNG)
PDF/A
A-1, 2, 3
2005
Use Models
9
Archival Master
Production Master and
Derivatives
Service File
Uncompressed TIFF
Multiple JPEGs
JPEG
Uncompressed TIFF
Lossy JPEG 2000
Lossless JPEG 2000
Lossless JPEG 2000
JPEG
Lossless JPEG 2000 + DNG
Lossy JPEG 2000
JPEG
Lossy JPEG 2000
Lossy JPEG 2000
JPEG
JPEG, PDF
Container Formats
10
Format
Contents
TIFF
Multiple page images
PDF/A
Multiple pages and page components
JPEG 2000 - JPX
Multiple images in x, y, z and t
MXF
- MJ2
Timed image sequence
- JPM
Multiple pages and image components
Audio and video streams
Multiple Images in a JPX Codestream
11
Multiple Images in an MJ2 file
12
MXF
13
Digital Cinema Package (DCP) uses lossy JPEG 2000
for image content
SAMMA migrates videotapes to MXF OP1a files with
lossless JPEG 2000 image content
FADGI A/V Working Group developing MXF AS-07
Application Specification for Archiving & Preservation
Wrap-up
14
Only a small set of formats used for archival images
There is a growing need for compression
Expanding the notion of an image format
JPEG 2000 as a bridge between still image and
archival MXF formats
Questions? [email protected]