Transcript Biomass Energy Research and Extension at UF/IFAS

Bioenergy
at
UF/IFAS
•Jay
•Milton
•
Marianna
•Quincy
•Live Oak
 Gainesville
Bioenergy
Feedstocks
in Florida
•Apopka
•Brooksville
•Lake Alfred
•Balm
15 million acres of forest land
10 million acres of farm land
• #1 in sugarcane and citrus
• #1 in forest residues
• #1 in urban wood waste
Vero Beach •
Ft. Pierce •
Belle Glade •
• Immokalee
Ft. Lauderdale •
Homestead
•
Is It Ready
Research
Potential
Potential Potential
for
Projects
Potential
Output
Acres for Total Dry
Energy Crop in
Production? Underway?
(Dry Tons/ Production
Tons
Yes/No
Yes/No
FL
Acre/Year)
(millions)
Sugarcane
Sweet Sorghum
Bunch Grasses
(elephantgrass,
energycane)
Silage Corn
Potatoes
Sweet Potatoes
Hay
25
13
22
Pines
Eucalyptus
Cottonwood
8
14
10
Veg/Fruit Waste
Urb. Tree Waste
For./Mill Residue
Agricultural Crops
250,000
6.25
100,000
1.3
100,000
2.2
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Sugarcane
Sweet Sorghum
Grasses
3
3
2
2.5
0.8
1
1.4
100,000
50,000
20,000
500,000
Forest Trees
0.3
0.15
0.04
1.25
5,000,000
40
1,000,000
14
1,000,000
10
Agricultural & Forestry Waste
500,000
5,000,000
9,000,000
0.4
5
12.6
Data Compiled and Calculated by Drs. Mary Duryea & George Hochmuth; UF/IFAS; May 2007
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Silage Corn
Trees
Urban Tree Waste
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Vegetable Waste
Sugarcane
The DOE reports that the U.S. can produce over 1.3 billion tons of cellulosic biomass per year.
Our Potential in Florida:
Sweet Sorghum
Cellulosic Biomass for Ethanol
Agricultural Crops:
Tree Crops:
Ag/Forestry Waste:
11.49 mill tons/yr
64 mill. tons/yr
18 mill. tons/yr
93.5 million dry
tons/yr
in
Florida
Grasses
Silage Corn
(7% of U.S.
total)
Trees
Potential Production of Ethanol
93.5 million dry tons biomass x (60 to 100 gal ethanol/ton) = 5 to 9 billion
•
gallons of
ethanol
per year in
Florida
Florida currently uses 8.6 billion gallons of gasoline per year
Urban Tree Waste
Vegetable Waste
Biomass to Ethanol Process
ETHANOL
Acid Hydrolysis
Fiber Residue (cellulose+lignin)
Cellulase
“Detox”
Syrup
D
i
s
t
Co-products
K.oxytoca
(cellulase)
SSF
Residue to
Boiler
Fungal
Team
Cellulase
i
l
Hemicellulose
E.coli Ingram
headed
by Dr. Lonnie
Syrup
(cellulase)
• Over 20 patents for cellulosic ethanol
Nutrients
•e.g. “Ethanol production from
Nutrients
lignocellulose”, “Ethanol production
using engineered E.coli”
• 2 spin-off companies
Beer
• Verenium (Ethanol)
• BioEnergy (Organic Acids)
l
a
t
i
o
n
UF/IFAS
&
Cellulosic Ethanol
•
New Center of Excellence – Biofuel Pilot Plant
$2.25 million – under construction in Gainesville
•
New Research and Demonstration Cellulosic Ethanol Plant
$20 million from State Legislature
– To be located at FL Crystals near Belle Glade
Goals =
• To accelerate commercial development of cellulosic ethanol processes and
• To provide alternative income sources for Florida agriculture and forestry.
UF/IFAS
& Bioenergy:
• Developing Energy Crops:
 Increasing yield
 Improving processing efficiency
1. Developing Energy Crops –
Energycane, Grasses, and Sweet Sorghum
• 45 sugarcane hybrids
selected for biomass
production are being
evaluated at Everglades
REC
• The best performing hybrids
will be evaluated for
cellulosic conversion to
ethanol
• hybrids could produce over
2,000 gallons of ethanol per
acre
1. Developing Energy Crops –
Grasses -- High Biomass Crops
• Other high biomass
crops being
investigated include:
–
–
–
–
Giant reed
Erianthus
Elephantgrass
Miscanthus
1. Developing Energy Crops –
Sweet Sorghum
• Research is being
conducted to:
– Determine the best
varieties for Florida
– Evaluate fertilizer and
water requirements
• Results will help investors
and growers make
informed decisions on
sweet sorghum as an
energy crop
2. Developing Energy Crops –
Improving Processing Efficiency
Multidisciplinary Forest Genomics Team
John Davis
Molecular Genetics/
Genomics
Matias Kirst
Quantitative Genetics/
Genomics
Dudley Huber
Quantitative Genetics/
Tree Improvement
Tim Martin
Tree Physiology/
Ecophysiology
Eric Jokela
Production Ecology/
Silviculture
Gary Peter
Biochemistry/
Molecular Genetics
2. Developing Energy Crops –
wood specific gravity
Improving Processing Efficiency
cell wall chemistry
early
late
lignin
hemicellulose
cellulose
Wood
properties
are
genetically
controlled.
2. Developing Energy Crops –
Improving Processing Efficiency
Target Traits for Bioenergy Production
• Fast Growth - high yield
per unit input
• Biological Conversion
cell wall chemistry
– High carbohydrate content
– High ‘easy-to-utilize’
carbohydrates
– Low lignin, low extractives
• Thermal Conversion
lignin
hemicellulose
cellulose
– High energy content
– High wood density, low water
– High lignin, high extractives
2. Developing Energy Crops –
Improving Processing Efficiency
Discovered a new gene that will help ethanol production –





Naturally occurring gene in the tree species Populus
Leads to a reduction in lignin content by almost half
Results in faster growth and
Has higher cellulose content.
This combination is highly favorable for increased ethanol production.
Bioenergy Research & Extension at UF/IFAS
Energy Crops and
Agricultural & Forestry
Waste
Crops: Grasses,
Sugarcane, Sorghum,
Trees; Waste: Forest &
Mill Residue, Urban
Wood Waste, Dairy
Waste, Bagasse, …
Conversion
Engineering
Hydrolysis /
Fermentation/
Distillation,
Thermal
Conversion,
Anaerobic
Digestion,
Gasification, ….
Bioenergy
Cellulosic
Ethanol,
Biodiesel,
Biogas,
Bioelectricity,
Bioproducts,
Butanol;
By-products, ….
Environmental Impacts & Sustainability
Water, Waste, Air, Soil, Wildlife, Climate, Energy Balance,
Life Cycle Studies, …
Economics & Policy
Subsidies, Incentives, Taxes, Rural Development,
Incorporating Market Externalities e.g. C Credits, …
With:
UF’s expertise in bioenergy
+
UF/Industry/Government/Private partnerships
+
Florida’s capacity to grow biomass
We can:
• Advance the science of bioenergy.
• Accelerate the commercialization of renewable
biofuels and chemicals.
• Contribute substantially to global sustainable energy
supply.