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SPC/GIZ Regional REDD+ Project: Forest Carbon Inventory In Vanuatu Proposed Forest Mapping In Vanuatu The Pacific GIS/RS User Conference Suva, Fiji Island, 27-30 November 2012 Sharon R. Boe, SPC/GIZ-SOPAC ([email protected]) ABBREVIATIONS • SPC – Secretariat of the Pacific Community • GIZ – Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Internationale Zusammenarbeit • REDD – Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation • FCPF – Forest Carbon Partnership Facility • MRV – Measuring, Reporting and Verifying • REL – Reference Emission Level • GHG – Green House Gas • VANRIS – Vanuatu Resource Information System PROJECT OVERVIEW SPC/GIZ Climate Protection through Forest Conservation in Pacific Island Countries Project >> Aim: mitigate greenhouse gas emissions from forestry and receive compensation payments. Vanuatu: REDD readiness process mainly supported by: >> SPC/GIZ – development of system for MRV carbon level and REL >> FCPF of World Bank – policy process Ongoing Project until 2015 PILOT ISLANDS The islands of Vanuatu are located approx. 2,200km east of Australia and comprises of 82 islands. The program is focusing on 4 pilot islands: 1. 2. 3. 4. Santo Malekula Efate Erromango MAPPING ACTIVITIES 1) 2) 3) 4) Delineation of coconut stands on Santo 2010 Deforestation processing Santo 2007-2010 Cloud correction Santo 1990-2000 Deforestation processing Santo 2000-20072010 5) Accuracy assessment Santo 2010 Forest stratification (GHG Inventory, 2011) AVAILABLE IMAGERY Sensor Type Spatial Resolution Spatial Coverage NEXTMap Orthorectified TopoSAR ORI radar image 1.25m Wall-to-Wall ALOS Palsar L-Band radar dual-pol FBD 25m Wall-to-Wall World View 2 Multispectral optical 2m 11 Scenes Temporal Coverage Corresponding Mapping Product and Remarks Vanuatu Department of Lands and 2003 Survey: Topographic Map of Vanuatu 2007, 2008, Acquired by GIZ under the ALOS 2009, 2010 Science Program Phase 3 2012 Acquired by GIZ from Digital Globe WORLD VIEW 2 DATA 8 band bundle data (Santo) - Multispectral: 2m - Panchromatic: 0.5m Projection: UTM/WGS84, zone 58S Pre-processed (atmospheric correction, pan-sharpened (NC & FC), image enhancement, backdrop) Digital Terrain Model (DTM): 25m ALOS PALSAR DATA ALOS (Advanced Land Observation Satellite) PALSAR (The Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar) 25m Mosaic dual polarization Data was ordered at Level 1.5 format Dual temporal change detection and forest cover Adv: Cloud-free, Day & Night and All weather land observation Training: 16-19 October 2012 SAR Image Preprocessing, Enhancement, Classification (Erdas 9.1) Support from Jaxa ALOS PALSAR RGB COMPOSITE + HH Polarization • Very low backscatter of water • High backscatter in Urban Areas • High backscatter over vegetation and non-vegetation + HV Polarization • High backscatter over vegetation areas • Low backscatter over non-vegetation areas = HH/HV Ratio • Forest/Dense Vegetation (bright) • Non-Vegetation Areas (dark) RGB • R: HH • G: HV • B:HH/HV CHALLENGES WITH CURRENT RADAR DATA Layover Effects Visible on most of Western Part of Santo: high altitude areas PROHIBITS IMAGE ANALYSIS Spatial Modeler, Erdas 9.1 HH/HV Ratio Calculations Classification Conversion of amplitude data (DN) to radar cross-section (dB) Above Ground Biomas (AGB) Calculations Semi-Automatic Forest Classification Move into the use of semi-automatic classification for forest mapping: - Vanuatu Study (2007) conducted by Martin Herold and his team • Supervised Classification - Maximum Likelihood Algorithm • Challenges - Trial Image Segmentation • E.g. Imagine Objective ext. for Erdas DELIVERABLES The project envisions the following results for Vanuatu: • Forest cover based on an approved national forest definition • Carbon density map for 5 generic forest strata (medium height forest [open/closed], low forest [open/closed], mangroves) • Validated forest cover map using very high resolution imageries THANK YOU