Transcript Document

Irradiation – a Postharvest Alternative
for Domestic/Export Market Access
Glenn Robertson
Steritech General Manager – Queensland
October 2012
1
Steritech services
•
Steritech is the leading sterilisation company in the Asia-Pacific
region and has provided services to businesses and
government for more than 30 years.
•
Steritech helps a variety of industries make their products
safer, manage pests and meet regulatory requirements,
including:
– Medical equipment
– Pharmaceutical goods and cosmetics
– Agricultural products (e.g. animal feed and grain)
– Packaging (e.g. milk powder bags, wine casks, corks, etc.)
– Beehives (eliminates larvae that cause AFB & EFB).
– Archives (elimination of mould)
– Quarantine (e.g. goods seized by customs)
– Herbs, spices and herbal teas
– Food Irradiation for Phytosanitary/Market Access
requirements.
What is food irradiation?
• Exposure of food items to a source of ionising energy – i.e.
gamma rays or X-rays
• These gamma or X-rays eliminate bacteria, pests and other
pathogens.
• Food irradiation approved for use in more than 60 countries –
estimated one million tonnes of food irradiated annually.
• Recognised by international agencies (e.g. Codex,
International Plant Protection Commission, World Health
Organisation, etc).
• Codex Alimentarius Standard for Irradiated Food: “Any food
irradiated up to an overall average dose of 10 kGy is safe and
wholesome.”
A safe and chemical free process
• Irradiation is broad-spectrum, rapid, post harvest treatment that
at low levels kills or sterilises insects (e.g. Queensland fruit fly)
without the use of chemicals.
• Scientific consensus after more than 50 years of research is
irradiation produces food that is safe to eat – irradiating fruit and
vegetables does not and cannot make them radioactive.
• Irradiation does not apply hot or cold temperatures, humidity or
pressure to the fruit and vegetables and can be applied to
product in its final packaging.
• Consumer response is varied – there is minimal understanding
and many misconceptions are propagated by activists but
ultimately consumers have consistently proven they will purchase
irradiated food when given the opportunity and balanced
information.
Is Irradiated Food Safe to Eat?
YES
• There is overwhelmingly evidence that irradiated
food is toxicologically safe, and presents no
significant nutritional or microbiological issues.
• Approximately 63 countries have approved at least
one use of food irradiation.
• Codex Alimentarius issued a General Standard for
Irradiated Food (1983, revised 2003).
– Any food irradiated up to an overall average dose of 10 kGy
is safe and wholesome.
• Note phytosanitary use has a maximum dose of 1 kGy
International Approvals - Health
• 23 countries have approved irradiation up to 1 kGy
for all fruit and vegetables
• 12 countries have approved irradiation up to 1 kGy
for specified fruits and vegetables
• 28 countries have approved irradiation as a
disinfestation treatment
– 7 other approvals are for delay of ripening or
maturation control
An Agreed Protocol for Irradiation as a
Phytosanitary Treatment?
• The effectiveness of irradiation as a phytosanitary
treatment is well established
• There are international guidelines and standards on
the treatment
• These standards are based on a minimum dose to
the insect that guarantees that any insect that does
not die within a short time after treatment will be
sterile or unable to develop into an adult capable of
reproducing.
Irradiated Imports into US (tons)
Country
Fruit
2008
2009
2010
India
Mango
275
130
195
Thailand
Longan (mainly)
1700
1890
1800
Vietnam
Dragonfruit
0
100
850
Mexico
Guava
257
3521
9121
Grapefruit
0
67
101
Mango
0
0
239
Sweet Lime
0
0
600
Manzano Pepper
0
0
257
2232
5708
13,163
Total
A ready made solution for the
horticultural industry
• Irradiation one ‘tool in the toolbox’ for
managing pests and managing
biosecurity/market access requirements.
• Regulatory status:
– 9 tropical fruits approved for
irradiation by FSANZ
– New Zealand market access secured
– ICA-55 is currently in place
– Industry research underway for other
select fruits and vegetables
Current and Future FSANZ Approved
Commodities for Irradiation
FSANZ Approved Commodities
Current Qld Govt and Industry Projects
Future Qld Govt and Industry Projects
Mango
Tomato
Berries (rasp, blue & black)
Lychee
Capsicum
Mushrooms
Papaya (Paw paw)
Cherries
Eggplant
Bread Fruit
Zucchini
Passionfruit
Rambutan
Nectarine
Custard Apple
Rock Melon
Mangosteen
Honeydew
Longan
Table Grapes
Peach
Plum
Carambola
Apricot
Persimmon
(still pending Approval)
Strawberry
New Zealand Market Access
• Growing volumes of irradiated tropical fruit
being sold in New Zealand – mangoes and
lychee (first shipment 2004).
• Market previously closed due to New Zealand
biosecurity fruit fly restrictions.
• In the 2009 – 2010 season, more than 1,000
tonnes of mangoes – 25% of total Australian
mango exports.
• Irradiated mangoes sold in mainstream retail
channels – supermarkets (e.g. progressive/
Woolworths), specialist stores, etc.
• New Zealand operates under the same food
safety and labelling system as Australia.
Export Market Access (New Zealand):
Irradiation and the supply chain
2 hours treatment time
Growing and
Harvesting
Packing and
Cooling
Treated at
Steritech
Narangba QLD
NZ MAF Plant
Health Inspection
Exported to
New Zealand via
Sea or Air Freight
Export Delegate &
AQIS Plant Health
Inspections
1 hour required for inspections
NZ Wholesale
NZ Retail
Steritech has accredited Export Delegates and is
authorised to perform onsite Plant Health Inspections
Irradiated Imports into NZ (tonnes)
Season
2004-05 2005-06 2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
2009-10
2010-11*
2011-12
1262
Mango
19
129
201
346
585
1,095
620
Papaya
-
-
12
1
-
-
-
Lychee
-
5
10
20
57
110
15
48
TOTAL
19
134
223
367
642
1205
635
1310
* Season 2010-11 was adversely affected by severe weather
conditions which dramatically reduced crop volumes
DOMESTIC APPROVAL: ICA-55
• Interstate Certification Assurance National Protocol
(ICA-55)
– A protocol for the use of irradiation as a
phytosanitary treatment for fresh fruits and
vegetables within Australia
• ICA-55 applies to any fresh produce approved for
irradiation by Food Standards Australia New Zealand
(FSANZ)
DOMESTIC APPROVAL: ICA-55
• ICA-55 sets minimum doses that guarantee the
sterility of insect species for quarantine purposes
irrespective of the host produce.
– 150 Gy for fruit flies of the family Tephriditae.
– 300 Gy for mango seed weevil.
– 400 Gy for all other pests of the class Insecta,
except pupae and adults of the order Lepidoptera
1 Gy = 1 Gray = 1 Joule of energy absorbed per kg food.
1 kGy = 1000 Gy
Domestic Market Access (ICA-55):
Irradiation and the supply chain
Growing and
Harvesting
Packing and
Cooling
Treated at
Steritech
Narangba QLD
2 hours treatment time
Retail
Wholesale
Transport to Vic,
SA, WA or Tas
Irradiation can fit in with the horticulture supply
chain and maintain integrity of the ‘cool chain’.
Inter-state Trade in Australia
• ICA-55 provides a protocol for irradiation to be used
to meet quarantine requirements for fresh produce
crossing state and territory boundaries
• Preliminary trials have been carried out in late 2011
sending irradiated Queensland mangoes to
Melbourne and Tasmania.
• The irradiated fruit was sold successfully at 5 retail
outlets in Melbourne and several shops in Hobart,
including Salamanca markets.
Irradiation Advantages
• It is rapid (approximately 1 hour treatment, total
turnaround about 2 hours).
• Treated produce can be released into trade
immediately.
• It is simple, depending only on conveyer speed and
source power to set the dose. It is insensitive to
temperature, humidity, pressure, etc.
• It is cost competitive with other alternatives to
insecticide treatments.
Irradiation Advantages
• It is a broad spectrum treatment (all insects,
all host produce).
• It is free of toxic chemical residues.
• It is a cold treatment (no heating means fruit
can be more mature at harvest and often
results in better fruit quality and shelf-life).
• It is penetrating (treatment in the final
package; sterilizes insects throughout the
fruit; fruit size and shape are unimportant).
Labeling Requirements
• FSANZ Standard 1.5.3 requires that
irradiated foods be labeled in order
to ensure consumers retain their
right-to-choose
• Foods that are chemically treated
do not have to be labeled
– However, labeling of irradiated
foods has disarmed much of the
criticism of the process.
Point of Sale
Conclusions
•
Irradiation is a practical, efficient and effective phytosanitary
treatment of fresh fruit and vegetables.
•
Presently large volumes of irradiated fruits are imported
annually into New Zealand and the USA.
•
Experience has shown that consumer resistance is
overestimated. Irradiated fruit has sold well at retail for
several years.
•
Labelling requirements, consumer concerns about chemical
residues, and the likely use of accelerator-sources of radiation
have all reduced the controversy previously associated with
irradiation, and increased its consumer acceptance.
Conclusions
•
Trade in irradiated fresh produce has grown steadily and
appears set to continue to expand.
•
28 countries have approved irradiation of fresh fruits and
vegetables for disinfestation purposes and at least 8 countries
are involved in trade.
•
Irradiation offers the prospect of decreasing reliance on toxic
insecticide and fumigation treatments.
Next steps
• Steritech would like to work with growers, industry and HAL, to raise
awareness about irradiation as a long-term alternative to post harvest
chemical treatments and address any supply chain issues.
• Steritech has Council approval to expand the Narangba site
– We have approval to build more cold storage.
– We are progressing with plans to install an X-ray machine (would
improve capacity from 72,000 tonnes of fruit and veg per annum to
>200,000 tonnes).
• Working with Qld Government and industry participants on expanding
list of approved commodities:
– Tomatoes and capsicums application has been lodged with FSANZ
and expected approval date is March/April 2013.
– Further research is underway for 12 other commodities (including
Berries).
THANK YOU
Contact Details:
Glenn Robertson
General Manager – Queensland
[email protected]
Bill Hatton
Horticulture Business Development
[email protected]