Transcript Semantic Web

Semantic Web
Course Introduction
Vagan Terziyan
Department of Mathematical Information Technology, University of Jyvaskyla
[email protected] ; [email protected]
http://www.cs.jyu.fi/ai/vagan
+358 14 260-4618
ITIN, France, February 2006
Contents




Course introduction
Practical information
Lectures
Course exercise
2
Course Introduction:
Semantic Web - new Possibilities for
Intelligent Web Applications
3
Motivation for Semantic Web
Semantic Web Structure
Before Semantic Web
Semantic
Annotations
Ontologies
Logical Support
Languages
Tools
Applications /
Services
Semantic
Web
WWW
and
Beyond
Creators
Users
WWW
and
Beyond
Web content
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Creators
Users
Web content
4
8
Semantic Web Content: New “Users”
Semantic
Web and
Beyond
Users
Creators
applications
Semantic Web
content
agents
Semantic
Annotations
Ontologies
Logical Support
Languages
Tools
Applications /
Services
Semantic
Web
WWW
and
Beyond
Creators
Users
Web content
5
Semantic Web: Resource Integration
Semantic
annotation
Shared
ontology
Web resources /
services / DBs / etc.
6
Semantic Web: which resources to annotate ?
Industrial and
business processes
Web resources /
services / DBs / etc.
Web users
(profiles,
preferences)
Web access
devices
Shared
ontology
External world
resources
Multimedia
resources
Web agents /
applications
Smart
machines
and devices
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Word-Wide Correlated Activities
Semantic Web
Semantic Web is an extension of the current
web in which information is given well-defined
meaning, better enabling computers and people
to work in cooperation
Agentcities is a global, collaborative effort
to construct an open network of on-line systems
hosting diverse agent based services.
Agentcities
Grid Computing
Wide-area distributed computing, or "grid” technologies,
provide the foundation to a number of large-scale efforts
utilizing the global Internet to build distributed computing
and communications infrastructures.
Web Services
WWW is more and more used for application to application communication.
The programmatic interfaces made available are referred to as Web services.
The goal of the Web Services Activity is to develop a set of
technologies in order to bring Web services to their full potential
FIPA
FIPA is a non-profit organisation aimed
at producing standards for the interoperation
of heterogeneous software agents.
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Semantic Technology
Semantic technology as a software technology
allows the meaning of information to be known and
processed at execution time. For a semantic
technology there must be a knowledge model of
some part of the world that is used by one or
more applications at execution time.
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Semantic Technology Market Forecasting
Semantic solution, services & software markets will
grow rapidly, topping $60B by 2010.
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Excellent Job Opportunities:
Samples of Mail-List with Job Advertisements
OntoWeb (at least 2-3 job advertisements on Semantic Web
and Web Services Technologies in Europe per week!)
[email protected]
To register follow the link:
http://lists.deri.org/mailman
Semantic Web (at least 2-3 job advertisements on Semantic
Web and Web Services Technologies in Europe per week!)
[email protected]
To register follow the link:
http://lists.deri.org/mailman
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Course Description
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Practical Information
Lectures: 10 hours
Monday: 20 February, 9:00-10:15; 10:30-12:00; 13h30-15h15;
Tuesday: 21 February, 9:00-10:15; 10:30-12:00.
 Slides available online (links from Introductory Lecture)
Exercise: 6 hours
Monday: 20 February, 15:30-17:00
Tuesday: 21 February, 13:30-15:15; 15:30-17:00.
 task will be announced during the lectures
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Lectures
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Semantic Web Lectures
Lectures Schedule
20/02/2006 (9:00 - 10:15) – Lecture 1: Semantic Web Basics
20/02/2006 (10:30 - 12:00) – Lecture 2: Semantic Web Applications
20/02/2006 (13:30 - 15:15) – Lecture 3: Protege Tutorial (Designing Ontologies with Protege)
21/02/2006 (9:00 - 10:15) – Lecture 4: Semantic Web Services Basics
21/02/2006 (10:30 - 12:00) – Lecture 5: Industrial Smart Resources in Semantic Web
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Introduction
Semantic Web
Course Introduction
Vagan Terziyan
Department of Mathematical Information Technology, University of Jyvaskyla
[email protected] ; [email protected]
http://www.cs.jyu.fi/ai/vagan
+358 14 260-4618
http://www.cs.jyu.fi/ai/vagan/SW_Introduction.ppt
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Lecture 1: Semantic Web Basics
Semantic Web the Key Concern of AI and W3C
Communities
Based on tutorials and presentations:
D. Fensel, P. Constantopoulos, J. Busch, A. Sheth, J. Chen-Burger, E. Motta,
B. Matthews, S. Robinson, E. Kim, T. Berners-Lee, E. Prudhommeaus, L. Ding,
J. Hendler, O. Lassila, V. C. Sekhar, C. Goble
http://www.cs.jyu.fi/ai/OntoGroup/pres/SW_Tutorial_2004_Part_1.ppt
http://www.cs.jyu.fi/ai/vagan/Semantic_Web.ppt 17
Lecture 2: Semantic Web Applications
http://www.cs.jyu.fi/ai/OntoGroup/pres/SW_Tutorial_2004_Part_2.ppt
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Lecture 3: Tutorial: Designing Ontologies with Protégé
 Protégé is an ontology editor and a knowledgebase
editor
(download
from
http://protege.stanford.edu ).
 Protégé is also an open-source, Java tool that
provides an extensible architecture for the
creation of customized knowledge-based
applications.
 Protégé's OWL Plug-in now provides support
for editing Semantic Web ontologies.
http://www.cs.man.ac.uk/~horrocks/Teaching/cs646/
http://www.co-ode.org/resources/tutorials/ProtegeOWLTutorial.pdf
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Lecture 4: Semantic Web Services Basics
Semantic Web Services Basis
The question we should answer today:
“Why these are necessary ?”
Semantic Web Services
Web Services
Distributed Artificial Intelligence
Service Oriented Design
Semantic Web
Semantic Technology
Software Technologies
http://www.cs.jyu.fi/ai/vagan/Why_SWS.ppt
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Lecture 5: Industrial Smart Resources
in Semantic Web
http://www.cs.jyu.fi/ai/vagan/SmartResource_Summary.ppt
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Additional Material for Self-Study
Just for case you do not know: Introduction to XML
Integration &
Interoperability
Web
Services
Data (XML)
Tools
Such Format, which Describes the Content of
a Web Document Rather than the Way to
Display it, is among the Basic Needs of the
Intelligent Web Applications
Introduction to XML
Based on tutorials of B. Cormia, D. Suciu, H. Boley, S.
Decker, M. Sintek, E. R. Harold and others
http://www.cs.jyu.fi/ai/vagan/XML.ppt
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Markup Techniques
Universal Storage/Interchange Formats
are among the Basic Requirements for
the Interoperability in the Web
Namespaces
CSS
DTDs
XSLT
DAML
Stylesheets
Agents
Ontobroker
HornML
RuleML
Rules
Transformations
XML
XQL
Queries
XQuery
XML-QL
SHOE
Frames
RDF[S]
Acquisition
TopicMaps
Protégé
Markup Techniques
Based on Tutorials :
H. Boley, S. Decker, M. Sintek, E. R. Harold
http://www.cs.jyu.fi/ai/vagan/Markup_Techniques.ppt
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RDF and RDF Schema
Description of Semantic Properties of the
Web Resources and Semantic Relationships
between them is Extremely Important for the
Intelligent Web Applications
John’s
homepage
To be a
Director
To Love
To be a
Secretary
Mary’s
homepage
http://www.cs.jyu.fi/ai/vagan/RDF.ppt
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Ontologies in Semantic Web
The More or Less Global Agreement about
Standard Terminology and Conceptual Hierarchy
for a Domain Description is Necessary for the
Interoperability in the Intelligent Web
2
http://www.cs.jyu.fi/ai/vagan/Ontologies_1.ppt
http://www.cs.jyu.fi/ai/vagan/Ontologies_2.ppt
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JENA
 Jena is a Java framework for building Semantic Web applications.
It provides a programmatic environment for RDF, RDFS and
OWL, including a rule-based inference engine.
 Jena is open source and grown out of work with the HP Labs
Semantic Web Program.
 The Jena Framework includes:
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A RDF API
Reading and writing RDF in RDF/XML, N3 and N-Triples
An OWL API
In-memory and persistent storage
RDQL – a query language for RDF
http://jena.sourceforge.net/tutorial/RDF_API/index.html
http://jena.sourceforge.net/
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Jena Integration of Protégé-OWL
 Jena is one of the most widely used Java APIs for RDF and
OWL, providing services for model representation, parsing,
database persistence, querying and some visualization tools.
Protege-OWL always had a close relationship with Jena. The
Jena ARP parser is still used in the Protege-OWL parser, and
various other services such as species validation and datatype
handling have been reused from Jena. It was furthermore possible
to convert a Protege OWLModel into a Jena OntModel, to get a
static snapshot of the model at run time. This model, however had
to be rebuild after each change in the model.
 As of August 2005, Protege-OWL is now much closer integrated
with Jena. This integration allows programmers to user certain
Jena functions at run-time, without having to go through the slow
rebuild process each time. The architecture of this integration is
illustrated on the next slide…
http://protege.stanford.edu/plugins/owl/api/guide.html
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Jena Integration of Protégé-OWL
The key to this integration is the fact
that both systems operate on a lowlevel "triple" representation of the
model. Protege has its native frame
store mechanism, which has been
wrapped in Protege-OWL with the
TripleStore classes. In the Jena
world, the corresponding interfaces
are called Graph and Model. The
Protege TripleStore has been
wrapped into a Jena Graph, so that
any read access from the Jena API in
fact operates on the Protege triples.
In order to modify these triples, the
conventional Protege-OWL API
must be used. However, this
mechanisms allows to use Jena
methods for querying while the
ontology is edited inside Protege.
The OWLModel API has a new method getJenaModel() to access a Jena view of the Protege model at
29 into
run-time. This can be used by Protege plugin developers. Many other Jena services can be wrapped
Protege plugins this way, by providing them a pointer to the Model created by Protege.
Joseki - a SPARQL Server for Jena
 Joseki: The Jena RDF Server. Joseki is a server for publishing
RDF models on the web. Models have URLs and they can be
access by HTTP GET. Joseki is part of the Jena RDF framework.
 Joseki is an HTTP and SOAP engine supports the SPARQL
Protocol and the SPARQL RDF Query language. SPARQL is
developed by the W3C RDF Data Access Working Group.
 Joseki Features:



RDF Data from files and databases
HTTP (GET and POST) implementation of the SPARQL protocol
SOAP implementation of the SPARQL protocol
http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/joseki/joseki-3.0-beta-1.zip?download
http://www.joseki.org/
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Course Exercise
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Task for the Exercise (6 x 45 min)
 Learn to use Protégé (45 min) – personal work;
 Create ontology for companies description based on
Protégé tool (work in 4 groups, 5 persons per group all
from different companies) (45+45 min);
 semantically annotate your employer company based on
ontology of your group – personal work (45 min);
 Recreate groups so that each new group contains one
representative from each previous group (i.e. it will be 5
groups, 4 persons per group), each group independently
tries to integrate 4 original ontologies and appropriate
semantic descriptions to one ontology in Protégé, printing
final files to the report (45+45 min).
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Lecture Notes and Textbook
Lecture Notes (available online)
Follow link:
http://www.cs.jyu.fi/ai/vagan/courses
Main recommended textbook
Dave McComb, Semantics in Business
Systems, Morgan Kaufmann, 2004.
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Additional Reading
Johan Hjelm, “Creating the
Semantic Web with RDF”,
John Wiley, 2001
Dieter Fensel: “Ontologies: A Silver
Bullet for Knowledge Management
and Electronic Commerce”, Springer
Verlag, 2001
John Davies, Dieter Fensel &
Frank van Harmelen:, “Towards
the Semantic WEB – Ontology
Driven Knowledge Management”,
John Wiley, 2002
Dieter Fensel, Wolfgang Wahlster,
Henry Lieberman, James Hendler
(Eds.): “Spinning the Semantic Web:
Bringing the World Wide Web to Its
Full Potential”, MIT Press, 2002
Thomas B. Passin, "Explorer's
Guide to the Semantic Web",
ISBN 1932394206, June 2004
Jeff Pollock and Ralph Hodgson,
"Adaptive Information: Improving
Business Through Semantic
Interoperability, Grid Computing,
and Enterprise Integration“, Wiley
Computer Publishing, September
2004
Michael C. Daconta, Leo J. Obrst,
Kevin T. Smith: “The Semantic Web: A
Guide to the Future of XML, Web
Services, and Knowledge
Management”, John Wiley, 2003
M. Klein and B. Omelayenko (eds.),
“Knowledge Transformation for the
Semantic Web”, Vol. 95, Frontiers in
Artificial Intelligence and
Applications, IOS Press, 2003
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Where to find out more: Web-Sites
 OWL, OWL-S
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
http://www.w3.org/2004/01/sws-pressrelease
http://www.w3.org/2004/01/sws-testimonial
 Semantic Web
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http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/
http://www.semwebcentral.org/
 Semantic Web Services
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http://www.daml.org/services/
http://www.swsi.org/
http://www.wsmo.org
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