Transcript Slide 1

Some Context for the Spread of CSNET to the
Peoples Republic of China
1945-1985
Jay Hauben
[email protected]
DATE: MON, 14 SEP 87 21:07 CHINA TIME
FROM: "MAIL ADMINISTRATION FOR CHINA" <MAIL@ZE1>
TO:
ZORN@GERMANY, ROTERT@GERMANY, WACKER@GERMANY,
FINKEN@UNIKA1
CC:
[email protected],
[email protected],
JENNINGS%IRLEAN.BITNET@GERMANY,
CIC%RELAY.CS.NET@GERMANY,
WANG@ZE1, RZLI@ZE1
SUBJECT: FIRST ELECTRONIC MAIL FROM CHINA TO GERMANY
"UEBER DIE GROSSE MAUER ERREICHEN WIE ALLE ECKEN DER WELT"
"ACROSS THE GREAT WALL WE CAN REACH EVERY CORNER IN THE
WORLD"
DIES IST DIE ERSTE ELECTRONIC MAIL, DIE VON CHINA AUS UEBER
RECHNERKOPPLUNG
IN DIE INTERNATIONALEN WISSENSCHAFTSNETZE GESCHICKT WIRD.
THIS IS THE FIRST ELECTRONIC MAIL SUPPOSED TO BE SENT FROM CHINA
INTO THE
INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC NETWORKS VIA COMPUTER
INTERCONNECTION BETWEEN
BEIJING AND KARLSRUHE, WEST GERMANY (USING CSNET/PMDF BS2000
VERSION).
UNIVERSITY OF KARLSRUHE
INSTITUTE FOR COMPUTER
APPLICATION OF
-INFORMATIK RECHNERABTEILUNGSTATE COMMISSION OF MACHINE
INDUSTRY
(IRA)
(ICA)
PROF. WERNER ZORN
PROF. WANG YUN FENG
MICHAEL FINKEN
DR. LI CHENG CHIUNG
STEFAN PAULISCH
QIU LEI NAN
MICHAEL ROTERT
RUAN REN CHENG
GERHARD WACKER
WEI BAO XIAN
HANS LACKNER
ZHU JIANG
ZHAO LI HUA
John von Neumann
28 December 1903 - 8 February 1957
June 1945: First Draft of a Report on the EDVAC
April 1947: Affidavit putting all IAS computer contributions in public domain
175 copies of reports on IAS computer development sent
by land and sea mail around the world
1946-1953: Electronic Computer Project -- IAS Computer
John vov Neumann and the IAS computer
22-23 October 1955
First international conference in Germany
on electronic digital computing.
560 attendees
60 speakers
Technische Hochschule, Darmstadt
Alwin Walther
1950s
• USA: Joint Computer Conferences (started in 1951),
leading to a desire for an international conference
• Germany: 1955 - Electronic Computers and Information
Processing (Elektronische Rechenmaschinen und
Informations-verarbeitung) International Conference in
Darmstadt (530 attendees and 60 speakers)
• China: 1956 - Twelve Year Plan for the Development of
Sciences and Technology included computer technology
as one of the 57 priority fields
Suggested an international meeting to exchange
information about the state of the computer art.
Such a conference would be a “major contribution
to a more stable world.”
Isaac Auerbach
June 1959
First World Computer Conference
Paris France
Nearly 1800 participants from 38 countries
“By far, the most important success of the conference was
the co-mingling of people from all parts of the world, their
making new acquaintances, and their willingness to share
their knowledge with one another.”
Isaac Auerbach
International Federation
for
Information Processing
(IFIP)
(1960 to present)
Mission: To be an apolitical world organization
to encourage and assist in the development,
exploitation and application of Information
Technology for the benefit of all people.
(IFIP Charter 1960)
Time-Sharing Mode of Computer Operation
simultaneous use of a single computer by many users
(one computer with many terminals attached)
Terminals
Terminals
Time
sharing
computer
sharing among researchers
now being built directly into the computer technology itself
JCR Licklider
in 1960 foresaw
interconnection of human-computer
thinking centers
into an
“intergalactic network”
“It seems reasonable to envision, for a time 10 or
15 years hence, a 'thinking center' that will
incorporate the functions of present-day libraries
together with anticipated advances in information
storage and retrieval.”
- J.C.R. Licklider, Man-Computer Symbiosis, 1960.
Donald Davies
mid 1960s
Packet Switching
communication lines could be shared by all users
if the messages were broken up into packets
“For the society, the impact will be good or bad,
depending mainly on the question:
Will ‘to be on line’ be a privilege or a right?
If only a favored segment of the population gets a
chance … the network may exaggerate the
discontinuity in … opportunity.”
J.C.R. Licklider and Robert Taylor,
The Computer as a Communication Device, 1968
UNIX
time-sharing operating system
simple and powerful
entire software code available
open for change and improvement by its users
UNIX spread around the world
ARPANET
Advanced Research Project Agency (ARPA) Network
first large scale network of dissimilar computers.
based on packet switching technology
The goal of the ARPANET project
“to facilitate resource sharing”
biggest surprise was that the ARPANET
was used mostly for
EMAIL
Peter Kirstein
UK
Louis Pouzin
France
Yngvar Lundh
Norway
Paal Spilling
Norway
Bob Kahn
US
Hubert Zimmerman
France
Vint Cerf
US
Some of the Active participants in creating TCP/IP
1973-1978
Computing in China: A Travel Report (Covering 3 weeks in July 1972)
Science Magazine, 1973, Volume 182, Issue 4108, pp. 134-140
China sent a computer
<- scientist, Li Fu-sheng, on
its first team of scientists
to tour the US in 1972.
November 23, 1971
Agreement to establish a European Informatics Network
EIN
One version of the planned European Informatics Network
(Source “Cost 11 Project”)
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A Proposed IIASANET Configuration, September 1975 (Source, IIASA, 1975, p.142)
Larry Landweber
COMPUTER SCIENCE RESEARCH NETWORK
GOALS
* Open to all computer researchers
throughout the United States (later the world)
* Logical net comprising physical subnets
(initially ARPANET, Telenet, Phonenet)
* Advanced network services
(initially mail, file transfer remote login, name server)
* Self-governing, -sustaining, and –supporting
* Low entry fee
Michael Hebgen, Werner Zorn, Michael Rotert
with VAX 11/750 (CSNET-HOST) and the SIEMENS
7561 (DFN-HOST) in the Univ of Karlsruhe Computer
Center (IRA) 1985
John von Neumann
John von Neumann
Alwin Walther
Isaac Auerbach
John von Neumann
Alwin Walther
Isaac Auerbach
JCR Licklider
John von Neumann
Alwin Walther
Isaac Auerbach
JCR Licklider
Donald Davies
John von Neumann
Louis Pouzin
Alwin Walther
Bob Kahn
Isaac Auerbach
JCR Licklider
Donald Davies
John von Neumann
Louis Pouzin
Alwin Walther
Bob Kahn
Isaac Auerbach
Tom Truscott
JCR Licklider
Donald Davies
John von Neumann
Louis Pouzin
Alwin Walther
Bob Kahn
Isaac Auerbach
Tom Truscott
JCR Licklider
Larry Landweber
Donald Davies
John von Neumann
Louis Pouzin
Yufeng Wang
Alwin Walther
Bob Kahn
Isaac Auerbach
Tom Truscott
JCR Licklider
Larry Landweber
Donald Davies
Werner Zorn
THANK YOU