Advance Features of HTML

• Image manipulation

–Thumbnail Images –Transparency images –Image Maps

• Logical & Physical Styles for TEXT • Multimedia

–Sound –Video

Image File Formats

All artwork and photographs found on the web are stored in binary files. These files reside on web servers along with HTML files that refer to them.

– Two file formats are commonly used for web page graphics are

GIF (Graphics Interchange Format)

and

JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group)

it stores images.

each format works better for certain kinds of images because of the unique way in which – GIF use 8-bit colour palette (256 possible colours (

Adapative palette

), dithering) – JPEG uses 24-bit coloru palette (16,777,216 possible colours) – • GIF are better for line art, cartoons and simple images • JPEG files are better suited to photographs and artwork, that include many colours and fine gradations in colour.

PNG (Portable Networks Graphics)

File Format – like .GIF but does not support animation

Make slow image downloads less annoying

To make slow downloads less annoying you can use – –

Incremental Graphics Thumbnail Previews Incremental graphics: Interlaced GIF’s

. The interlaced GIF file produces its display in four passes.

–

First pass

produces produces an image based on every 10 line of pixels th – –

Second pass

shows every fifth line

Third pass

everyline is filled in –

Fourth pass

the complete image is displayed JPEG uses a

Progressive JPEG

Interlaced GIF’s file format – works similar to

Thumbnail Previews

A thumbnail preview (thumbnail Sketch) is a clickable bandwidth efficient version of a larger graphics image which contains a link to the original image. Click on this picture to view the original image (79.6KB ) The important thing to note when creating a thumbnail image is that you are creating a second image in a smaller size rather than just adjusting the width and height parameteres in the HTML document.

1.

How to Create Thumbnail Image using PSP

Open the Image that the thumbnail is to linked to, in PSP.

2.

From the image menu select the RESAMPLE option, if the resample option is greyed out, then and only then you should select the resize option.

3.

Select the width that you want the thumbnail to be and make sure that the maintain aspect ration box is selected.

4.

Click the OK button to resize the image.

5.

In the file menu select the save as option and save the file with a different name from the original file.

Transparent GIF’s

A transparent GIF looks as if the image was drawn on your web page. That is it allows your webpage background colour or background pattern to show through those portions of the image that have been designated as transparent.

To create a transparent GIF you must first identify which portion of the image will serve as the designated background. Then whenever the image appears on the web page, its background colour region behaves as if it were transparent, inheriting the background colour of the webpage beneath. Transparency works well with images that have clearly defined backgrounds, such as line art and Cartoons.

How to Create a Transparent Background GIF using PSP

To Create a transparent gif using PSP you’ll need to find out the

Index Number

of the colour you want to be transparent. 1.

Select Colors / Decrease Colors from the menu bar and select 256 colors 2.

Use the eyedropper tool to select the color you wish to make transparent (move the eyedropper over the color on the image), and on the right-hand side of the screen you will see status bar. In the status bar, you will see the following letters 3.

R 255 G 255 B 255 I 15

The last number (15) is the index number.

Select File / Save as - select gif98a and then select the options dialog box. Enter you Index number where it asks for the value of the transparency colour.

Paint Shop Pro window

Transparency examples Option Dialog box

Image Maps

Navigation menus are constructed from image maps and are typically used in conjunction with frames.

An image map is an image on a web page that has been divided into regions called

hotzones.

Each hotzone is a clickable region associated with a link.

– – Server side image maps Client-side image maps To create a clickable image map you must mark each clickable region within the image using x – y coordinates.

Regions for clickable zones come in three shapes

1.

Rect 2.

3.

Circle Poly

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Steps to Create an Image Map

Start with an image file (.GIF or JPEG) View the image with your web browser using the ISMAP trick and record the coordinate pairs for each Rectangle hotzone.

1.

2.

ISMAP trick :

setup an IMG tag with an ISMAP attribute, and make a link label for an A tag

Display the HTML file that contains this link with a web browser and look at the image 3.

Place your cursor inside the image, and look at the status message at the bottom of the browser window, at the end of the file name are two numbers separated by a comma – these are the x – y coordinates for the current cursor position Create an AREA tag for each hotzone, and place each AREA tag inside a MAP tag.

Add the Map tag to the BODY of the web page Add the USEMAP attribute to the IMG tag for the image just mapped.

File to Create Image Map

Shape defines the shape of the area. Coords defines the specification of the coordinates, the type of coordinates given depend on the shape been used.

SHAPE = Rect

, the series of comma separated numbers in the coords are two coordinates: the upper left corner of the rectangle and the lower right corner of the rectangle.

SHAPE = Circle

indicates that the area is a cirlce. The first two numbers define the center point of the circle, and the third number is the radius of the circle.

SHAPE = Poly

is defined by three or more pairs of x/y coordinates, the line connecting those coordinates create the area.

Tag Attributes and Values for Image Mapping

HTML Element Attributes Attribute Values What the attribute does

COORDS= HREF= [two coordinate pairs for rectangle] [one coordinate pair for the center of the circle and third coordinate for the radius] [three or more pairs of x/y coordinates form the polygon] An absolute URL or a Relative URL Specifies the location and size of the hotzone Specifies the Link destination for the hotzone Shape Name = Rect for rectangle Circle Poly for Polygon Any string Specifies the size and shape of the hotzone Names the image map 36 © 1998, 1999, 2000 David T. Gray, Howard Duncan, Jane Kernan

Logical Styles

(indicates the way text is used)

Emphasis ... Basic emphasis,

typically displayed in italics

. Strong ... Provides strong emphasis,

usually bold

. Citation ... Specifies a citation such as book titles, references, etc.

Usually displayed in italics

. Code ... Used when displaying program code. I'm using it here whenever I give examples of the tags. Sample Output ... Used when displaying sample output from programs.

Keyboard Input ... Use for text input by the user. Variables ... Used for

variables or arguments to commands

. WWW Indicates an

abbreviated form

(e.g., WWW, HTTP, URL, etc.). Definition ... Used for

definitions

. Address

...

Used for:

the author's address and other contact details, and often force a line break before and after.

Block Quote

...

Used for: Quotes, usually displayed as indented, and often force a line break before and after.

Physical Styles

Bold ... Used to

bold type

(generally the same as Strong). Italic ... Used to

italic type

(generally the same as Italic). Underline ... Underlines text (some old browsers don't do this) Typewriter Text ... Displays a monospaced names or HTML code. font, usually used for variable Strike-Through ... Strikes through text as if you're crossing it out. Big ... Displays text in a big font.

Small ... Displays text in a small font. Subscript _... Places text in subscript style . Superscript ^... Places text in superscript style . Preformatted

 ... 

Places text as is, in preformatted format.

Center

... Horizontally centers the text: in the middle of the page (or column if it's in a table).

Blink ... off.

An annoying tag that makes the text blink on and

MULTIMEDIA

Background Sounds

A "background sound" is a sound that starts to play automatically when the web page is loaded. Before you go any further, think hard:

Do you really want to do this

? Unfortunately the browser industry and standards committees have not settled on a standard way of accomplishing this. Netscape allows background sounds through use of the tag. MSIE, Mosaic, and several other browsers use the tag. With this lack-of-standards problem, the best to hope for is a situation that plays the sound in most situations, and in the other situations doesn't play the sound and doesn't give error messages. This can be accomplished using scripting, as in this example.

Or a simpler way is to include

<BGSOUND SRC =“hits.au”>

Sound Formats

There are many computer formats for sound, and theoretically any of them could be used in a web page. The three most popular formats (those most likely to work on your machines) are WAVE, AU, and MIDI. WAVE (

Wave

form Audio File Format) with the file extension .wav was invented for Windows by Microsoft. AU (

Au

dio File Format) file extension .au was invented by NeXT and Sun. WAVE and AU are like sound recordings... they reproduce recorded sounds (or computer generated sounds). MIDI (

M

usical

I

nstrument

D

igital

I

nterface) is an entirely different concept. The MIDI file format is a series of commands such as "play middle C for .25 seconds". These sort of commands are very small, so one of the great advantages of MIDI files for your web page is that a lot of music can be packed in a small MIDI file.

Inline Audio:

There are two (2) ways to place inline audio files in HTML. The first uses a simple hypertext reference anchor to an audio file.

The second is to include background music when the file is loaded (BGSOUND or EMBED). Sounds can be included on webpages using simple hypertext reference anchors which point to audio files.

The general form of the inline audio link would be:

Link_Text

Where URL is the full path to the audio file to be played and Link_Text is the visible clickable link.

Example: Play Silent Night .

BGSOUND

BGSOUND

plays a background sound file on the page if the user's browser is audio capable or has an appropriate plug-in. The command is only supported by the Internet Explorer browser at this time and must be placed within the document segment.

Command Parameters:

src=" URL " Defines the

URL

the browser. at which the background sound file can be found by loop=" integer|infinite " Where an integer - defines the number of times the sound file should replay. ( An integer value of -1 is equivalent to value infinite. ) infinite - causes the sound file to replay continuously.

Example:

Loads the sound file

entertainer.mid

. Plays the sound file

10

times. The sound file will replay if the page is reloaded. The browser must be audio capable or have the appropriate plug-in. The host file server on which the HTML code is mounted must be

MIME

encoding the audio file type

.MID

.

Displays or plays an audiovisual or audio file from a specified source SRC external to the HTML document within the document or in the background. The file or object can be of any type so long as the parameters are set correctly to load and place it within the HTML document and the user's browser is using the appropriate plug-ins to display or play it.

Warnings:

Many corporate intranets and other secured sites will halt loading of a web page at the place in the code where an is encountered (risk of viruses). For this reason it is best not to embed files unless necessary and to place embedded files toward the bottom of the web page. The file server on which the embedded object resides must MIME encode files of the type to be embedded or the embed will fail.

Command Parameters: for EMBED

autostart=" true | false " Determines whether or not the display or play of the embeded object will proceed automatically or not. border=" pixels " Defines the size of the border to place around the embedded object in

pixels

. controls= bigconsole | smallconsole " Determines which console will be used for controlling the play of audio files. height=" pixels “ Defines the height of the displayed object in

pixels

. hspace=" pixels " Defines the

standoff

object in

pixels

. to place to the left and right of the embedded

loop=" true | false | integer " Determines whether or not the displayed audio or video file will loop and the number of times it will loop. In the Netscape browser

true

indicates that the embedded file should loop continuously. nosave=" true | false " Determines whether or not the browser will save a permanently cached copy of the embedded file on the client's machine. src=" URL " Provides the

URL

at which the embedded object can be found. The file server on which the object resides must MIME encode it properly. vspace=" pixels " Defines the

standoff

object in

pixels

. to place to the top and bottom of the embedded width=" pixels " Defines the

width

of the embedded object in

pixels

.

Produces a small console display (which controls the playing of the embeded file

bethena.mid.

The dimensions of the consoles are browser specific. Those provided above work well only in the Netscape browser. Values of

20

and

75

for height and width, respectively, would work well in the Internet Explorer browser.

The command parameters in the order given:

– load the file

bethena.mid

from the

URL

provided – set the height and width of the console display to 15 and 50 pixels, respectively – display the small console style – prevent the music file from playing automatically in the background – do not permit the file to be saved – allow the music file to loop continuously when played

Produces a big console display. The dimensions of the big consoles are browser specific. Those provided work well only in Netscape. Values of

25

and

200

for height and width, respectively, would work well in the Internet Explorer browser.

In Netscape browser would load the file into a big console window outside the browser which the user could control and even close. In the Internet Explorer browser the large console would be included on the page at the point of the embed. Either is a

much better

alternative to automatic music file embeds if you must play music on your pages.