Transcript The Dumfries Energy from Waste Project

SHREWS Ltd
Energy from Waste (EfW)
The Way Forward
for
Scotland
1
John Birchmore
Managing Director
SHREWS Ltd
24 Lyne Park
West Linton
Peeblesshire
EH46 7HP
Tel +44 (0) 1968 660022
Mob +44 (0) 7711 33755 +371 679 2888
Fax +44 (0) 870 120 6872
[email protected]
www.shrews.co.uk and www.energyfromwaste.co.uk
2
The Problems

We are creating waste and need new
solutions for dealing with it

We need to increase recycling and
recovery

We need to find sources of renewable
energy
3
National Waste Strategy



Reduce
Recycle
Recover
Do this but still left with a residue which has to
be disposed of. Debate about impact of EfW
on recycling targets should occur when we
get to the marginal tonnage.
4
Size of the problem?




Scotland produces each year
3 million tonnes household waste
2 million tonnes commercial waste
2 million tonnes industrial waste (excl. demolition)
Going to landfill creates problems with leachate and
production of methane, a problem greenhouse gas
5
Hazardous wastes
A specific issue
Scotland has no public facilities for the thermal
treatment of hazardous wastes (e.g. clinical
and pharmaceutical waste, treated wood)
Some small incinerators at specialised locations e.g. Morden Foundation, Penicuik
6
Changes from EU and greater
environmental awareness



Diversion targets
Recycling targets
Stricter regulations
 what can go to landfill
 emissions standards
7
EfW Potential for Energy
Institution of Civil Engineers and Renewable Power
Association 2005
“Quantification of the Potential Energy from Residuals
in the UK”
After meeting all targets for recycling and recovery, the
residual waste could supply 17% of total UK
electricity requirements”
8
Potential for Scotland?
Annually



7 million tonnes of waste
Say 40% recycling, reduction and recovery
Leaves 4.2m tonnes of MSW and commercial wastes per
year, equivalent to about





1.4 million tonnes of oil (roughly equivalent to 50million barrels/yr)
2.2 million tonnes coal
3.4 million tonnes of biomass
At 12,000 tonnes/yr for 1 MWe capacity- potential is 350
MWe - provided as base load capacity
Generation of heat and power close to use so no need for
new distribution network
9
Options for thermal treatment

Mass Burn Incineration (MBI)

Advanced Thermal Treatment (ATT)
SHREWS Ltd only concerned with ATT
10
How Advanced Thermal Treatment works?
1.
2.



Converts hydrocarbons to gas and residual carbon to
carbon monoxide
In second chamber, the thermal reactor, oxidation at
1250°C and minimum 2 second dwell time oxidizes
gases to CO2 and H2O
Gasification is passive so minimal particulates
Oxidising a gas rather than solids so can control
oxidation precisely and ensure complete oxidation
Easy compliance with WID
11
Advanced Thermal Treatment
(Pyrolysis and Gasification)





meet demand for small scale projects
meet demand for local solutions
can process multiple non-specific waste
streams
technologies are developed to point of being
commercial, even at 30,000 tonnes per year
production of power and heat for local use
12
Benefits of ATT



During processing, wastes are reduced to a
virtually inert ash, which weighs only about 15%
of the original waste
All metals can be recovered - without the need
for pre-separation.
Other environmental benefits e.g. reduced
transport, reduced methane (27% of UK methane from landfill),
avoidance of hazardous materials in MSW to
landfill
13
Acceptability to Public
ATT plants are acceptable
Planning consent at Dargavel, Dumfries for
plant to process 60,000 tonnes of mixed
wastes (including hazardous) per year.
Project will generate 5-7MWe (depending on
CV of waste
14
Environmental Considerations









Emissions to air:
cleaner than the air in Princes Street
less pollution than burning 3 tonnes garden waste
Water:
no water discharge
Visual:
small scale and low visual impact
Noise:
quiet and all contained within building

Odours:
odours all contained within building




Ash:
about 15% original weight depending on waste source
inert and sterile
can be used for construction

15
Environmental Impact
mg/Nm3
11% 02@ 273K & 101.3kPa
EU Directive
Limits
s: spot / d:daily
½ hour
Common
Standards from
ATPs
Particulates
10 (d)
30
0.2
VOC’s as carbon
10 (d)
20
Trace
200 (d)
400
<37
HCl
10 (d)
60
2
HF
1 (d)
4
<0.1
SO2
50 (d)
200
< 25
CO
50 (d)
150
Trace
NO (NO + NO2)
Cd & Tl
0.05 (s)
0.006
Mercury
0.05 (s)
0.006
Pb Cr Cu Mn Ni As Sb Co V Sn
0.5 (s)
0.006
Dioxins TEQ ng/Nm3
0.1 (s)
<0.003
N2O
30 (d)
Trace
NH3
10 (d)
20
<1
16
Avonmouth, Bristol
 First operational plant in the UK to receive IPPC certificate
 Tested on RDF, unsorted MSW, sewage sludge
 Commercial facility currently processing clinical, pharmaceutical
& confidential waste
17
18
Planet Batch Operated System
19
Planet Batch Operated System
20
ATT – Part of overall solution



Integrates with other initiatives for waste
management including recycling reduction
and recovery
Commercial solution without costs and delays
of PPP etc
Helps local industry with waste management
issues, reducing costs and protecting jobs
21
Waste arisings
Concept
Source segregation
Residual
waste
materials
recycling
facility
optional
Energy from
Waste
Residue segregation
Heat and Power
Recyclate
Quality plastics
Home composting
Aggregate
Glass
Quality paper
Metals
Inert carbon free
ash to
Landfill
22
Ash
Considerations in developing
ATT plants?
Where?

Site where can get planning consent
(sites being identified for public consultation by private sector and
Councils)
What?


Power connection and, if possible, heat use
Access to secure waste stream
23
Financial Considerations
Projects fundable if we can:1.
2.
3.
Secure a site with planning consent
Secure a reasonable proportion of the
waste stream
Secure a Power Purchase agreement
(note about 65% of power is ROC eligible)
24
Why not happening?
Scottish Executive does not empower Local
Authorities to enter into negotiations for the
development of EfW projects.
SE trying to:
•
•
•
Encourage regional solutions in Waste Strategy
Areas
Insisting on PPP and all embracing solutions
Excluding SME’s and making the only option big
companies, which usually have landfill interests
25
Dumfries – what happened?






SRO 1999
Planning 2001
Agreement for 8ha glass houses 2003
Council PPP for global solution. Winner included
MBT as part of overall project to produce RDF. In
short term understand that RDF going to landfill as
the cheapest option.
Without underwriting contract project not fundable
SRO replaced by ROS which now offers better deal
26
Key issues
Depends on
 Political will with Scottish Executive empowering Councils
to negotiate EfW projects as stand alone operations
 Finding and securing sites
 Securing planning consent
 Landfill tax and diversion targets which increase disposal
costs
 Landfill restrictions (both construction specifications and
hazardous wastes)
 ROS regulations
 Vested interests – big investments in landfill
27
Myths about ATT



Can’t get planning consent and not liked by locals –
planning consents in Dumfries, Avonmouth
Not reliable – Compact Power Avonmouth plant
working well for over three years. Planet working in
USA for many years and plant offered with
comprehensive performance warranties
Not clean – emissions under WID are cleaner than
required for burning biomass
28
How to make it happen?
Two drivers for development


Developers
Councils
29
How a Developer can make it
happen?
1.
2.
3.
Find suitable sites
Offer competitive gate fee within the above concept
Provide capital funding
Private sector ready to move
30
Funding
Equity partners and banks now in place subject to


planning being secured
long term contract for part of waste
No need to be involved in PPP etc, (if PPP then above
not available as funders project focussed)
31
How a Council can make it
happen?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Business case to show viability
Public consultation and identify site(s)
Nominate agreed site for EfW and acquire secure tenure
if not Council owned
Strategic Environmental Assessment
Public consultation
Obtain Planning consent
Invitation to tender to build EfW plant and take council
waste
Cost minimal compared to paying fines for not meeting diversion targets and recovered in reduced tenders
32
Benefits to the Council
 Solution for waste management
 Revenue not capital spend
 New jobs can be created by combining the EfW
plant with an integrated recycling facility and by
attracting new industries such as glass houses
which can make use of surplus heat and steam
 Possibility for district heating schemes and low cost
heat for existing industries, thus improving their
financial viability.
33
Summary





ATT integrated with source segregation can offer
cost effective waste management solution
Significant contribution to renewable energy targets
Public support for the technology
Private sector finance available
Not happening as lack of political direction from
the Scottish Executive
34
Web links




www.shrews.co.uk
www.energyfromwaste.co.uk
www.compactpower.co.uk
www.planetgroup.co.uk
35