Transcript FMD - Houston Community College System

FMD
State Veterinarian Sam Holland
SD Animal Industry Board, Pierre, SD
HISTORY
Centuries in Europe, Middle East, Africa, South
America
Perpetuated through Livestock and Product
Movement
Endemic in “Less Developed” Countries
— Economics - Management Ability
— Culture - Education
— Infrastructure - Economic and Culture-Related
Map of Outbreak
N e th e r la n d s
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R e p u b lic
o f Ir e la n d
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G re a t
B r ita in
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In d ia
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T a iw a n
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S a u d ia
A r a b ia
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B a n g la d e s h
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U n ite d A r a b E m ir a te s
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A r g e n tin a
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Transmission

Contact between animals

Exhaled air contains a large amount of aerosol virus

All excretions and secretions can contain virus



Milk and semen up to 4 days before clinical
infection
Aerosol FMD virus can spread a considerable
distance as a plume, esp. if humidity is >60% and
typography doesn’t cause turbulence
Spread by non-susceptible wildlife such as birds
and dogs unlikely
Signs of FMD
Ruptured blisters on
nose mouth, and
tongue of cow.
Vesicle at the end of cow’s teat.
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FMD
“Recent” North American Experience
1952 - Type A Near Regina, Canada
- 24 premises slaughtered
buried in 5 1/2 feet frozen ground (February)
- April - repeat case within 50 miles of U.S. Border stamped out
6000 cattle imported to the U.S. during the time were
quarantined - LUCKED OUT!
German visitor incriminated clothing or sausage.
1914-1918
Chicago Stockyards
18 States
13 Stockyards Closed
Injunctions against slaughter in Illinois
1924 -
1929 1946 - 1954 -
California
900 herds
22,000 deer killed by U.S. Army
California
< 3,500 animals destroyed
> U.S./ Mexican Stamp-out effort
> 60 mile buffer zone still exists across the
Panama Canal
U.S.
8,000 Cattle from 18 States & Canada
CATTLE IMPORTS
April 14 - 20
H
I
AK
438,137 Cattle from 46 States
2000 ANNUAL CATTLE IMPORTS
H
I
AK
19,000 Swine From 10 States & Canada
SWINE IMPORTS
April 14 - 20
HI
AK
997,800 Swine From 46 States
2000 ANNUAL SWINE IMPORTS
H
I
AK
Governor Janklow’s
South Dakota Contingency Plan For FMD
Animal Health Emergency Plan - 1998 - Background
I
Prevent
II
Prepare
III
Respond - Recover
FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE ADVISORY
 A worldwide spread of Foot and Mouth Disease seriously
threatens the livestock industry and wildlife populations of
our country and our state.
 People traveling to countries where livestock are affected
by Foot and Mouth Disease are capable of carrying the virus
on their persons, clothing, luggage or other inanimate
objects.
 Any planned travel to countries where this disease exists
must be reconsidered in light of the potential threat to South
Dakota’s huge livestock economy and that of the United
States.
 Every effort should be made to suspend travel to
and from countries with livestock affected by Foot
and Mouth Disease.
 Prior to any planned travel abroad please call to
determine the FMD status of that country:
 South Dakota State Veterinarian’s office
– (605) 773-3321
–
Or
 US Department of Agriculture, Veterinary
Services, Pierre, SD
– (605) 224-6186
 RECOMMENDATIONS:
 ABSOLUTELY NO TRAVEL TO OR FROM COUNTRIES
WITH LIVESTOCK AFFECTED BY FMD UNTIL FURTHER
NOTICE.
 SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR FARM VISITORS FROM ALL
FOREIGN COUNTRIES:
(1) NO VISITS to farms, sale barns, stockyards, animal
laboratories, packinghouses, zoos, fairs or other animal
facilities for 5 days prior to travel.
(2) Before travel to the United States, launder or dry-clean
all clothing and outerwear. All dirt and soil should be
removed from shoes by thorough cleaning prior to wiping
with cloth dampened with a bleach solution. (5 teaspoons
of household bleach in 1 gallon of water). Luggage and
personal items (including watches, cameras, laptops, CD
players and cell phones), if soiled, should be wiped with a
cloth dampened with a bleach solution.
(3) NO CONTACT with livestock or wildlife for 5
days after arrival in the United States. Extra
precautionary measures should be taken by
people traveling from farms in infected
locales to visit or work on farms in the United
States. It is advisable that employers or
sponsors provide arriving travelers with a
clean set of clothing that can be worn after
the visitor showers and shampoos
thoroughly. Visitor’s traveling clothes should
be laundered or dry-cleaned immediately. Offfarm activities should be scheduled for the
visitor’s first 5 days in country and contact
with livestock or wildlife should be strictly
avoided.
 FMD is not considered a human health risk but
humans can carry the virus on their clothing,
shoes, body (particularly the throat and nasal
passages) and personal items. The disease is
extremely contagious and spreads easily among
cloven-hoofed animals such as cattle, sheep,
pigs, goats, and deer. Introduction of FMD into
this country would be disastrous to the
American livestock industry and wildlife
community. For this reason all visits to farms or
other livestock facilities in FMD infected areas
and all food items and other materials of plant or
animal origin in the traveler’s possession must
be reported on the US Customs Declaration
Form upon entering the country.
 NOTE: Countries with outbreaks in recent weeks include:
Great Britain, Ireland, France, Netherlands, Argentina
 NOTICE: Should anyone traveling from a country with
FMD into South Dakota and visit a farm in violation of the
5 day NO CONTACT PERIOD:
 The entire premise WILL BE QUARANTINED and no
movement off the premise will be allowed without
disinfection and permit by the State Veterinarian. This is
all-inclusive including vehicles and persons.
(END OF ADVISORY)
(FMD PAMPHLET)
FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE FACTS:
Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) is caused by a fast-spreading
virus, and all cloven-footed animals are susceptible to the
disease. Nearly 100% of the animals in an exposed herd
will become ill, and young animals may die from the
disease.
*FMD does not affect people (only certain animals).
These animals would include:
*Cattle
*Buffalo
*Sheep/Goats
*Elk and Deer
*Swine
*Any other split-toe animals
What does FMD look like?
Blisters (vesicles) may form in the animal’s mouth or
muzzle, causing slobbering and drooling. Later, the
blisters will break, forming raw patches or ulcers.
Blisters and sores also can develop on the animal’s teats,
causing mastitis in dairy cattle. Blisters on the feet
result in lameness. Affected animals will be reluctant
or unable to drink, eat or walk, and they will lose weight
rapidly.
Swine and cattle usually will show signs of disease within
two to seven days after being exposed to the virus.
Sheep and goats may have only minimal clinical signs
of disease after an incubation period of up to 14 days.
FMD Outbreaks Worldwide
Foot and Mouth Disease has been diagnosed in 34
countries during the past 18 months. The latest
outbreaks have occurred in Great Britain, Northern
Ireland, Argentina and France. The only continents
currently free of the disease are North America, Australia,
and Antarctica.
Most of the affected countries are still battling FMD.
Outbreaks disrupt animal industry, including the export
of animals and animal products.
Once infected, animals become “virus factories”. The virus
can become airborne and can be breathed in by nearby
susceptible animals.
The disease also can be spread by animal movements,
feed, utensils, vehicles, clothing, facilities, raw
meat, animal products or milk, wastefood, and meat
scraps. Even people, although not affected by the
virus, can harbor the FMD virus for a period of time
in their respiratory tract and thus act as carriers!
Economic Impact of FMD
Implications of FMD introduction:
 Consumers can lose confidence in the safety of meat food
products, (even though meat is safe).
 Prohibitions on sale and shipment of animals and animal
products.
 Eradication costs are very high. All animals exposed must be
destroyed.
 Vaccines provide only temporary protection and revaccination
needed at six-month intervals. Vaccinated animals must be
slaughtered before international trade can be resumed.
 For at least three months after the eradication of an outbreak
– or at least three months after the slaughter of the last
vaccinated animal – an affected country is banned from
shipping meat or meat products to international trading
partners.
The US has regulations in place to prevent the introduction
of FMD infected animals and animal products. But …so
did many of the currently affected countries!
 If you suspect a disease problem, report it immediately to
your local veterinarian or regulatory animal health
official. In the UK, the disease may have been present
for three weeks prior to detection!
 FMD spreads fast! Early detection and reporting are
critical. Don’t move animals that may be affected! Stop
all visitors from entering your premise, if you suspect a
problem!
Traveling abroad? Take precautions:
 Don’t travel to countries known to have FMD!
 Avoid contact with animals or areas where animals have
been held for at least five days before returning to the
US.
 Before returning to the US, launder or dry-clean all
clothing, jackets or coats!
 If you have visited a farm abroad, or if you’ve traveled
and live, work or plan to visit a farm in the US, shower,
shampoo, and change into clean clothing. Wash or dry
clean clothes – don’t risk taking the FMD virus home on
contaminated clothing!
 Remove all dirt or organic material from shoes, luggage,
personal items, etc. Wipe the items with disinfectant.
 Don’t bring prohibited products home.
 NO contact with livestock or wildlife for at least five days
when you get home!
 Ask any visitors from FMD affected countries to delay
planned visits to US farms.
Disinfectants for FMD
These products can be used effectively to disinfect for FMD:
 Sodium hydroxide (lye) solution (2 percent). Mix a 13ounce can in five gallons of water.
 Sodium carbonate (soda ash) solution (4 percent). Mix
one pound in three gallons of water.
 Citric acid 0.2 percent solution.
 Acetic acid (vinegar) 2 percent solution. Mix one gallon
of vinegar (4 percent) in a gallon of water.
 Virkon S (Antec International) at a 1:200 dilution.
 Sodium Hypochlorite (household bleach). Mix three
parts bleach to two parts water.
Don’t Stall! Call!
Report suspicious cases immediately!
Call the USDA’s Veterinary Services
at (605) 224-6186
OR South Dakota’s State Veterinarian
at (605) 773-3321.
I Prevention
A) FMD Foreign Travel/Foreign Visitor Policy
 All educational institutions, public and
private
 All media
 All Agriculture related contacts
 All state employees
 All REAS
 All Veterinary Pharmaceutical Reps
B) FMD Informational Packet

FMD Pamphlet

FMD Fact Sheets

Foreign Travel/Foreign Visitor Policy
C) FMD Advisory Packet for Veterinarians

Information as in A and B

Reminder of reporting requirements

FMD suspect Cases - Procedures for Containment

Notice of potential Deputization
D) PUBLIC NOTICES - APPEALS

Airports, Ports of Entry, Rest Areas

Military
E) All State Agencies

request to further distribute information
F) All State Legislators

FMD Pamphlet

FMD Advisory
G) Public Land Agencies - Review & Training on FMD

Signage

Handouts

Website Information

Identify international tour operators - info

Train staff - video
H) Coordinate with USDA

Meeting with USDA/VS Staff, Secretary Veneman
- Also FSIS, PPQ, FEMA, Import/Export
II Preparation
A) EARLY DETECTION

Meeting with State-wide Industry Leaders
a) Review FMD
b) Report on recent chronology FMD worldwide
c) Biosecurity, health certificates
d) Legal Reporting Requirements
e) Ensure Leaders distribute FMD Pamphlets/Advisories
f) Discuss response scenario & Contingency Plan

Training
a) State - Federal VMOS
12 veterinarians
b) AIB inspectors - information and training (20)
inspectors
B) Response Management Meeting

Visit SEOC, discuss plan

Review Plan with Ag, Health, DENR, GFP, DEM