Transcript IFLA Classification and indexing satellite pre

IFLA Classification and indexing satellite pre-conference
Florence, August 20-21, 2009
Animals belonging to the emperor:
enabling viewpoint warrant
in classification
Claudio Gnoli
(University of Pavia. Library Service)
Knowledge organization
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Classification schemes
Thesauri
Subject heading lists
Taxonomies
Ontologie
...
KOS
KO dimensions
Ontological
(real world)

Epistemological (our knowledge)

Sociological
(milieu, purpose)
Bias
Let’s make it explicit !
ISKO 11, Rome, February 2010:
“Paradigms and conceptual systems in KO”
Bias
• influence of classification on search and on everyday life
[Bowker & Star 1999; Ridi in press]
• prejudices in LCSH [Olson 2002; Kublik et al. 2004]
• development in thesauri [Severino 2005]
• main classes in LC, Soviet, Chinese classifications...
Bias
[Angelini 2005]
Eastern vs. Western KO
•
calligraphy as a major art in Korean DC 700
[Kwasnik & Rubin 2004]
• philosophy in BC2: different facets
[Biagetti 2009]
• philosophy  ? religion
“Buddhist
ethics”
“Buddhist
worship”
“Chinese encyclopedia”
a
b
c
d
e
f
g
h
i
j
k
l
m
n
animals that belong to the Emperor
[Borges 1964]
embalmed animals
animals that are trained
suckling pigs
mermaids
fabulous animals
stray dogs
animals included in the present classification
animals that tremble as if they were mad
innumerable animals
animals drawn with a very fine camelhair brush
other animals
animals that have just broken a flower vase
animals that from a long way off look like flies
Folk taxonomies
New Guinea native
Western zoologist
?
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Folk taxonomies
• 93% same bird species identification
7% strictly-related species
[Diamond 1966]
• almost all same species of birds
but no distinction between ants
[Mayr in Wilson 1992]
• plant species in Chiapas:
82 underdifferentiated
68 exactly corresponding (including 40 introduced)
50 overdifferentiated
[Berlin et al. 1966]
All dimensions are needed
• Ontological
(real world)
• Epistemological
(our knowledge)
• Sociological
(milieu, purpose)
viewpoint warrant
[Beghtol 1998; 2002]
Representing viewpoints
As many KOSs as viewpoints
(domain analysis)
but
the global information society
needs interoperability...
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A neutral reference KOS
A
A
A
A
A
A
R
A
A
A
A
A
A
[Wåhlin 1974; Parsons 1996; Beghtol 1998; Boteram 2009]
Integrative Level Classification
Experimentation with a
• general
• interdisciplinary
• freely-faceted
KOS
www.iskoi.org/ilc
ILC reference classes
m
organisms
mq
animals
mqm
molluscs
mqr
arthropods
mqrd
arachnids
mqrh
crustaceans
mqri
insects
mqt
echinoderms
mqv
chordates
mqvj
amphibians
mqvl
reptiles
mqvo
birds
mqvt
mammals
ILC deictic classes
A
as defined
AA
as defined
AB
as defined
B
as defined
C
as defined
...
ASCII sorting
A - Z express local viewpoints
a - z express standard viewpoint
“Chinese” classes in
ILC reference notation
tp55a2mo
empires, with emperor, in China
u8(mq)6i
economies, of animals, by private owner
mq98u(6i(955(a)tp(2mo)))
animals, being a good, by private owner,
being emperor, of empire, in China
“Chinese” classes in
ILC deictic notation
mqA [mq98u(6i(955(a)tp(2mo)))] animals belonging to
the emperor
mqB [...]
embalmed animals
mqC [...]
animals that are trained
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Special ILC deictics
mqU
the typical animals
mqX
some animals
mqXA
the actual animals (i.e. there are animals)
mqXX
what animals?
mqY
the individual animal (e.g. Laika)
mqZ
the mentioned animal (anaphoric or cataphoric)
Anthropocentric
favoured host classes
–Uhk
...
hkxxxxx
hkU
stars
(many subclasses)
Sun
Sun
Test applications
• bibliography on traditional culture
in Northern Apennines
• bibliography on bioacoustics
• bibliography on
facet analysis
• Web directory on chemistry
Development
• basic idea for viewpoint representation
• more complex, real cases to be considered
• parallel development of standard schedule
and local schedules
• can any local concept be translated into
facet combinations?
No KOS is perfect...
...but useful KOSs are feasible
Thank you
for representing
all viewpoints
[email protected]