Transcript ICESTAR Intro - Siena Science

A Workshop for Planning the SCAR Scientific Programme
Interhemispheric Conjugacy Effects
in Solar-Terrestrial and Aeronomy Research
April 22-23, 2004, Villefranche sur Mer, France
ICESTAR
Linking near-Earth Space
to Polar Regions
Volodya Papitashvili
Space Physics Research Laboratory
University of Michigan, U.S.A.
Conjugate Aurora Borealis
and Aurora Australis
 October 22, 2001: POLAR’s Visible Imaging
System recorded simultaneous brightening of
aurora borealis in the Northern polar cap and
aurora australis in the Southern polar cap
 These images confirm a three-century old
theory that auroras in the Northern and
Southern hemispheres are nearly-mirror
images of each other
Courtesy of John Sigwarth, Univ. of Iowa
Mapping of conjugate auroras to the magnetospheric equatorial plane
Why are the mappings
are so different?
Year= 2001
IGRF+T96
Apex
IGRF+T96
Apex
It seems that FACs might not
be properly balanced between
two hemispheres in T96 model
Day = 305
Hour = 11
Geographic
Lat. Long.
North
61.0 189.0
XGSM = -4.0
YGSM = -0.1
Min = 53 Sec = 28 Alt.= 200 km
Dipole
CGM
Lat. Long.
Lat. Long.
57.8 243.7
57.4 248.0
ZGSM = -0.7
R = 4.0
B-min = 343 nT
Conjugate
-48.9
162.8
-54.1
245.8
-57.8
248.6
South
-53.0
166.3
-57.5
251.6
-61.3
255.8
XGSM = -11.4
Conjugate
64.6
YGSM = -1.0
192.4
ZGSM = -1.7
61.7
244.1
R = 11.5 B-min =
61.6
IGRF and External Fields Calculator:
http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/space/cgm/t96.html
248.8
11 nT
ICESTAR - Linking near-Earth Space to Polar Regions
Villefranche, France, April 22, 2004
SCAR Scientific Research Programme
ICESTAR: Interhemispheric Conjugacy
Effects in Solar-Terrestrial and
Aeronomy Research
Science and Implementation Plan
Submitted by the Standing Scientific Group on
Physical Sciences
Expected duration: 2005 – 2009
Expected SCAR funding: US $95,000
At this Workshop we outline
scientific backgrounds, goals
and objectives, and potential
implementation plans for
establishing under the
auspices of SCAR a five-year
international scientific
research programme for
coordinated bi-polar research
in the fields of solar-terrestrial
physics and polar aeronomy
Interhemispheric Conjugacy Effects
in Solar-Terrestrial and Aeronomy Research
Challenge:
Objectives:
Understand geospace
To create a distributed Virtual
environment and its
Arctic and Antarctic Geospace
dynamical response to
Observatories Network,
external forcing from
and
solar activity.
To identify and quantify various
mechanisms that control bi-polar
regional differences and
commonalities in electrodynamics
of the Earth’s magnetosphereionosphere system and aeronomy
of the upper atmosphere over the
Arctic and Antarctic.
Interhemispheric Conjugacy Effects
in Solar-Terrestrial and Aeronomy Research





The ICESTAR programme will deal with various geophysical and upper
atmospheric phenomena developing either simultaneously over both
the Northern and Southern polar regions (i.e., controlled by external
forces and producing bi-polar effects) or connected through the
interhemispheric geomagnetically-conjugate coupling.
The uniqueness of this new programme is that it will focus for the first
time on identification and specification (quantification) of various
mechanisms that control bi-polar regional differences or commonalities
in the magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling and the corresponding
upper atmospheric phenomena over both polar regions.
These bi-polar (or interhemispherically conjugate features) might be
intrinsic to the polar ionosphere and upper atmosphere or be caused by
long-term or abrupt changes in the near-Earth electromagnetic
environment forced by the solar activity.
The programme outcome will be the better understanding of concerted
responses of both polar regions to electromagnetic variations and
plasma dynamics in interplanetary space that specify near-Earth space
climate and weather.
It is suggested that SCAR should lead this new programme in
collaboration with the International Arctic Science Committee.
IGRF-Based Magnetic Conjugacy
Greenland West Coast and Eastern Antarctic
85
75
THL


A81



P2

P3



SPA


P1
P4
VOS
P5
P6
65
80
60
NAQ
70
Greenland West Coast
Magnetometer Chain
~40 CGM meridian (12 stations)

BAS LPMs
Eastern Antarctic
~40 CGM meridian (5 stations)
Realistic Magnetic Conjugacy of High-Latitude
Antarctic and Greenland/Canadian Stations
South
CGM
Lat.
Lon.
MLT Conjugacy
IGRF+T89c
MLT
Noon
CGM
Lat.
Lon.
All time
14:52
85.5
P5
86.6
30.7
MLT
Noo
n
14:47
VOS
83.3
54.6
13:03
at open
14:52
83.8
36.2
SVS
SUD
80.9
09:35
magnetic
09:13
80.9
106.6
NRD
P4
80.4
105.
6
46.6
13:38
field
14:15
79.6
42.2
UPN
P1
80.0
17.5
15:42
lines
15:51
79.3
18.7
SPA
73.9
18.9
15:34
Q 21–24 UT D open
16:07
73.2
14.7
IQA
P3
71.6
40.4
14:02
Q 22–24 UT D 22–23
14:33
72.1
37.1
SKT
A81
68.5
36.2
14:18
00 – 24 UT
14:25
68.2
39.6
FHB
33.8
North
THL
Nord vs
CLYSude
H
Geographic Latitude
IGRF + T89c
310 km
155 km
Geographic Longitude
 Magnetically conjugate mapping E
of
Greenlandic station Frederikshab
(FHB) into the “field-of-view” of
Antarctic near-conjugate British
AGO station A81 during a 24-hrs
UT day (Equinox, Kp = 0)
Z
 Note that the projection point
wanders over the station’s FOV
edge to few hundred kilometers
Interhemispheric Conjugacy Effects
in Solar-Terrestrial and Aeronomy Research
Key questions:
1. How the states of Earth’s magnetosphere differ
qualitatively as well as quantitatively under extreme,
moderate, and quiet solar wind conditions?
2. Does the auroral activity during substorms arise from
instabilities in the ionosphere or does this aurora
simply mirror plasma motions in the outer
magnetosphere? How much do the dark and sunlit
ionospheres control the polar substorm dynamics?
3. To what extent are the ionized and neutral highlatitude upper atmospheric regions affected by
mechanical and electrodynamic inputs from the lower
atmosphere?
Interhemispheric Conjugacy Effects
in Solar-Terrestrial and Aeronomy Research
Rationale:
 Reconstruction of high-latitude
ionospheric electrodynamics for
quiet and disturbed conditions in
near-Earth space. Aimed at using the
best available models of ionospheric
electrodynamics to quantitatively
specify the state of magnetosphere ionosphere coupling over both the
Northern and Southern polar regions
at any given time.
 Bi-polar regional differences and
commonalities over the Arctic
and Antarctic. Aimed at
quantification mechanisms that
control interhemispheric conjugacy
of various high-latitude phenomena
via geomagnetic field lines and
through the common sources in the
interplanetary conditions.
 Determine the bi-polar connection
between the ionosphere and
magnetosphere. Aimed at identifying
mechanisms of interhemispheric
conjugacy for various high-latitude
geophysical phenomena by studying
primary drivers of the active aurora
during magnetic storms/substorms.
 Interhemispheric coupling from
the ‘top-to-bottom’ and vice
versa. Aimed at understanding the
interaction between the highlatitude ionosphere and neutral
upper/middle/lower atmosphere
over both polar regions.
Interhemispheric Conjugacy Effects
in Solar-Terrestrial and Aeronomy Research
Interhemispheric Conjugacy Effects
in Solar-Terrestrial and Aeronomy Research
Goals:

To identify and promote deployment (with efforts to
coordinate logistics and technology transfer) of various
observational arrays over both the Arctic and Antarctic that
deal with the solar-terrestrial physics phenomena, specifically
with their interhemispheric aspects.

To develop and make available to the worldwide scientific
community a distributed Arctic and Antarctic solar-terrestrial
physics and aeronomy data source network (Virtual Arctic &
Antarctic Observatories, VAAO, deployed in cyberspace) that
would allow easy data retrieval from various locations spread
over the World Wide Web.

To coordinate joint studies of various interhemispheric
and bi-polar STP phenomena between the SCAR member
countries, providing an international forum for reporting the
progress and helping collaboration.
Interhemispheric Conjugacy Effects
in Solar-Terrestrial and Aeronomy Research
Task Action Groups:
TAG-A: High-latitude auroral and ionospheric electrodynamics
for quiet, moderate, and disturbed conditions in near-Earth
space, and its regional differences and commonalities over the
Arctic and Antarctic.
TAG-B: Geomagnetic (interhemispheric) conjugacy between
the magnetosphere and both the Northern and Southern polar
ionospheres during geomagnetic storms and substorms.
TAG-C: Coupling between the polar ionosphere and neutral
atmosphere from the ‘bottom-to-top’ and the global electric
circuit.
TAG-D: VAAIGO.NET: Virtual Arctic and Antarctic Geospace
Observatories Network – a World Wide Web portal for the
ICESTAR programme and SCAR’s SSG/PS.