Transcript No Slide Title

Information Briefing
Company / Team
Operations
National Training Center
Fort Irwin, CA
C07-1
Unclassified
“Train the Force!”
Purpose
To Provide an Overview of Training Rotations at
the NTC And Discuss Company / Team Trends Observed
During Training Rotations At the National Training Center
C07-2
“Train the Force!”
Agenda
 Introduction
 Overview of the National Training Center
-
Mission Statement
Role of the Observer-Controller
Training Rotation
Typical Task Force Timeline
 Rotational Trends
 Recommended Company Commander Focus
 Home Station Training
C07-3
 Conclusion
“Train the Force!”
Mission Statement
Mission of the National Training Center
Provide Realistic Combined Arms and Joint Training
Focused on Developing Troopers, Leaders and Unit’s of
America’s Army for Success on the 21st Century Battlefield
C07-4
“Train the Force!”
Mission Statement
Mission of the Cobra Team
Train Armored Task Forces and Cavalry Squadrons,
Based on Doctrine and Tactics, Techniques and Procedures,
So They Improve Their Warfighting Capabilities, Leaving the
NTC Better Trained Than When They Arrived
C07-5
“Train the Force!”
NTC Quote
“The Only Difference Between Real Combat and Your
NTC Rotation Is That in Real Combat You Don’t Get a Second
Chance to Learn From Your Mistakes - Use Every Opportunity
To Hone Your Warfighting Skills Here…”
- LTC(P) Dennis E. Rogers, Cobra 07
C07-6
“Train the Force!”
Role Of The OC
 Create the Conditions for Armored Task Forces and Cavalry Squadrons To:
- Train Realistically, but Safe
- Get Better Every Day and Improve Warfighting Proficiency by the End of the
Rotation
- Maintain Discipline and a Winning, Warrior Spirit
- Understand How To Set Conditions to Improve Homestation Training
 Coach and Teach Army Doctrine, and Tactics, Techniques, and
Procedures (TTP)
 Facilitate the Learning Process by Conducting After Action Reviews
 Assist Rotational Units With MILES and MILES II/SAWE
 Enforce the NTC Rules Of Engagement (ROE)
 Enforce Safety
C07-7
“Train the Force!”
Training Rotation
SUN
Arrival
MON
TUE
WED
THU
FRI
Reception, Staging, Onward Movement,
and Integration (RSOI)
SAT
Move-Out
Force on Force
Training Days 0-14
Live Fire
Download
Final RM
Regeneration / Between Rotation Days (BRD)
C07-8
“Train the Force!”
Task Force
Planning Timeline
~ 1200 Hrs Continue the Mission
1200
1800
2400
0600
1200
1800
2400
CTM
BATTLE 2
0600
LD
BATTLE 3
1600 Hrs = Co/Tm AARs Complete
1800-2000 Hrs = TF AAR
Step 1
1300-1400 Hrs = BDE OPORD
1600 Hrs = Mission Analysis Complete
1700 Hrs = Commander’s Guidance
2030 Hrs = COA Development Starts
Step 2
2230 Hrs = Wargame Starts
2400-0200 Hrs = Order Reproduction
Step 3
0500 Hrs = OPORD Review
0600-0700 Hrs = Issue OPORD
Step 4
Co/Tm OPORD Complete
PLT OPORD Complete
PLT Rehearsals
Co/Tm Rehearsals
TF Rehearsals
BDE Rehearsals
Final TF Rehearsal
Step 5
Refinement
42 Hours
14 Hours (1/3) *as in example above
8.5 Hours (1/5)
6 Hours (1/7)
C07-9
“Train the Force!”
Rotational Trends
Typically, Rotational Units Have Difficulty With...
 Reconnaissance And Surveillance Planning And Execution
 Synchronization And Integration Of Combat Multipliers
 Integration Of Fires In The Close Fight
 Planning And Building Flexibility Into The Orders Process
 Field Maintenance - Fault Identification And Repair Part Tracking
C07-10
“Train the Force!”
Reconnaissance & Surveillance
Planning and Execution
 Must Answer The Commander’s PIR
 Maximize All Assets... Scouts, Company / Teams, FISTs, etc
 Scouts Have No Clear Task & Purpose
 Size Of NAIs Too Large... No Focus
 Communications And C2 Of The R&S Force
C07-11
“Train the Force!”
Reconnaissance & Surveillance
Planning and Execution
Recommendation:






C07-12
Assign Responsibility For R&S Planning
Issue Guidance Early
Integrate As a Battlestaff Product
Plan With the Proper Tools (NAI / TAI / DP Link)
Rehearse / Coordinate With Higher and Adjacent Units
Update the Plan / Issue FRAGOs
“Train the Force!”
Synchronization & Integration
Of Combat Multipliers
 Battle Command - Commander’s Do Not Envision How The Enemy
Fights... And How We Will Fight
 Leaders Do Not Understand The Capabilities & Limitations Of
Systems, Time, And Space
 Units Struggle With Wargaming
 Leaders Lack Flexibility And Initiative In Battle Execution
 Simulation Vs Field Application / Execution
C07-13
“Train the Force!”
Synchronization & Integration
Of Combat Multipliers
Recommendation:
 Leaders Must Understand System Capabilities and
Limitations
 All BOS Must Be Addressed During Wargame
 Become Proficient at Developing Synch Matrix and
Decision Support Matrix
 Establish Habitual Relationships With “Slice” Elements and
Include These Units in Home Station Training Events
 Conduct Orders Drills / MDMP Training; Including All BOS
Elements
C07-14
“Train the Force!”
Integration Of Indirect Fires
In The Close Fight
 Integration Of Fires And Maneuver... During Wargaming
 Synchronization Of Scheme Of Indirect Fires With Scheme Of
Maneuver
 Loss Of Focus: Too Many EFSTs
 Transition Of Fires: Deep To Close
 Developing And Executing The Observation Plan
C07-15
“Train the Force!”
Integration Of Indirect Fires
In The Close Fight
Recommendation:
 Commander Must Clearly Articulate the EFST
 TF S3 / XO and FSO Ensure Integration During Wargaming
 The FSO Advises the Commander on the Capabilities and
Limitations of Fires
 FSO Develops Adequate Triggers Based On:
 Time and Space
 Relation to Terrain and Enemy
 TF Scheme of Maneuver
 FSO Develops:
 Scheme of Fires
 Observation Plan
C07-16
“Train the Force!”
ESSENTIAL FIRE
SUPPORT TASK
A Task for Fire Support to Accomplish That Is Required to
Support a Combined Arms Operation. Failure to Achieve an
EFST May Require the Commander to Alter His Tactical Plan.
A Fully Developed EFST Has a Task, Purpose, Method, and
Endstate.
 Task (WHAT) - Effects of Fires Against a Specific Enemy
Formation And/or Its Function (May Include Duration & When)
 Purpose (WHY) - In Terms of and Its Relation or Contribution to the
Scheme of Maneuver
 Method (HOW) - To Acquire the Enemy Formation and Deliver the
Means From a Fire Support Asset to Achieve the Desired Effects
 Endstate - Quantifiable Assessment to Determine If Task Is
Accomplished & If Purpose Achieved
C07-17
- White Paper, Fire Support Planning for The
Brigade and Below (Draft), 6 Jun 97
“Train the Force!”
Planning & Building Flexibility
Into The Orders Process
 Not Prepared To Execute The MDMP In A Time Constrained
Environment
 Receive Incomplete Guidance From The Commander
 Units Do Not Develop Flexible Plans
 Do Not Adjust The Plan As Conditions Change Across The
Battle Operating Systems (BOS)... Running Estimate
C07-18
“Train the Force!”
Planning & Building Flexibility
Into The Orders Process
Recommendation:
 Staffs Must Become More Proficient in Identifying Branches
and Sequels to the Operation… ID During Wargaming
 Staffs Must Complete a Decision Support Matrix and
Template As Part of Each MDMP
 Leaders Must Accurately Track the Battle and Staff Officers
Must Maintain a “Running Estimate”… Necessary to ID
Changing Condition
 Ensure Battle Tracking During Home Station Training
Events
C07-19
“Train the Force!”
Field Maintenance
 Units Deploy With A Garrison Based Logistics System... Not
Focused On Field Operations
 Organizational Maintenance... PMCS, Diagnostics, Maintenance
Requests... Not Timely Or To Standard
 Maintenance Management.... Company / Teams And Higher
Rely Completely On Good Comms
 Leaders Lack Focus On Building Combat Power
C07-20
“Train the Force!”
Field Maintenance
Recommendation:
 Ensure a Solid System Exists for the Flow of 5988Es
 Develop a Tracking System that Allows the BMO to Shift
Maintenance Priorities
 BMO Should Brief Maintenance Estimate During Mission
Analysis and at OPORDs
C07-21
“Train the Force!”
Recommendations
TTP For Company Commanders
For The Company Commander, It Is Difficult to Do
Everything Well... Here Are Some Recommendations
to Focus Your Efforts
C07-22
“Train the Force!”
Time Management
Discussion:
 Units Are Not Setting and Adhering to an Established Timeline
 Not Adhering to 1/3 - 2/3 Rule
 Units Not Trained to Meet Specific Requirements in Time Allotted
Recommendation:
 The Company Must Establish a Realistic Timeline and Enforce It
 Make Maximum Use of Parallel Planning / Preparation
 Timeline
 Must Train Prior to Arrival to NTC
 Some Units Can Meet 6 Hr Window - Others Need 8-10 Hrs
 Exercise Orders Process at Home Station Under Same
Conditions As NTC
“Train the Force!”
C07-23
Example Timeline
ENEMY
TLP (C2)
DAY__
DAY__
MNVR / ENG / FS
DAY__
0000
0000
0000
0600
0600
0600
1200
List
Enemy
Events
1200
CSS
List
Planning
Events
1200
DAY__
List
BOS
Critical
Events
0000
0600
1200
1800
1800
1800
1800
2400
2400
2400
2400
C07-24
List
Logistical
Events
“Train the Force!”
Time Management
For Offensive Operations
Set
Sequential
Simultaneous
Daylight
TF Directed
Map Recon
Make Tentative Plan
Recon Forward
Issue OPORD
CO / PLT Planning
CO / PLT OPORD
CO / PLT Rehearsals
Rehearsals
LOGPAC
PCIs
R&S
Stand0To
Intel Updates
Boresighting / Zero
Move TAA - FPOL
Move PP - ATK PSN
Movement to TAA
Establish Security
Establish OPs
M8 Alarms Out
PMCS
LOGSTAT & PERSTAT
PCC
CO / PLT Rehearsals
- Contact Drills
- Action Drills
- SBF & ABF Drills
Load Plans
PCI
TDC TAA - FPOL
LU with Attachments
LOGPAC
Adjacent Unit Coordination
Use It or Lose It
Security
Patrols
Recon LD
PCC
PMCS
Boresighting
CO / PLT Rehearsals
WARNO
Mission Analysis
Recon Forward
TF OPORD
TF Backbriefs
Rehearsals
Updated Unit Status
Sleep Plan
C07-25
“Train the Force!”
Time Management
For Defensive Operations
Set
Sequential
Simultaneous
Daylight
TF Directed
Map Recon
Make Tentative Plan
Recon EAs and BPs
Mark TRPs and Obst
ID Proposed BPs
Mark Veh Positions
ID Triggers
Co / Tm Fire Plan
Occupy BPs
Proof EAs
Rehearsa Fire Plan
Execute Deception
Rehearse Cont Plan
SZ RPOL
Stand-To
Intel Update
Defend NLT
Establish Security
Establish OPs
M8 Alarms Out
Estab Wire Commo
Prepare Rng Cards
Confirm Rng Cards
Supervise Dig Effort
Prepare PLT Sketch
CO / PLT Def Prep Status
Occupy Deception
Occupy Hide
TDC Routes
LOGPAC
Adjacent Unit Coord
PMCS
Stockpile CL IV / V
Proof Obstacles
Use It or Lose It
Security
Patrols
Recon EAs
Mark TRPs
Site Obstacles
ID Triggers
Site Veh Positions
Boresight / Zero
Rehearse EAs
Range Cards
Sector Sketches
Rehearse O/O Msn
PCC
PMCS
WARNO
Mission Analysis
Recon Forward
TF OPORD
TF Backbriefs
Rehearsals
Updated Unit Status
Sleep Plan
C07-26
“Train the Force!”
Intelligence Preparation
Of The Battlefield
Discussion:
 Leaders Are Not Proficient at Conducting IPB
 Failure to “See the Enemy” and “See the Terrain” Often Result
in Mission Failure… Meeting the Enemy Unprepared
Recommendation:
 Train Leaders at All Levels on Intelligence Preparation of the
Battlefield
 Conduct TEWTs and Professional Development Seminars to
Increase Appreciation For Terrain
 Become Proficient in Threat Weapons Capabilities… “How Will
the Enemy Employ His Assets?”
C07-27
“Train the Force!”
Intelligence Preparation
Of The Battlefield
1. Battlefield Area Evaluation
a. Identify The Area Of Operation
b. Identify The Limits Of The Area Of Interest
2. Terrain Analysis (IPB Product = MCOO)
a. Observation / Fields Of Fire
b. Avenues Of Approach
c. Key Terrain
d. Obstacles
e. Cover and Concealment
3. Weather Analysis
II
Describe The
Battlefield
Effects
III
Evaluate
The Threat
IPB
I
Define the
Battlefield
Environment
IV
Determine
Threat COAs
4. Threat Analysis
a. Doctrinal Template
b. Threat Database
5. Threat Integration (IPB Product = Situation and Event Templates)
a. Situation Template
b. Event Template = Drives Recon Effort
c. Decision Support Template
C07-28
“Train the Force!”
Impact Of Terrain
On The Operation
Terrain Analysis: Understanding How The Terrain
Will Influence Friendly and Enemy Actions
Wide Pass
But
Restricted
To Two
Single
Lanes Due To
Rocks
Narrow Pass
But Room For
Two Vehicles
Abreast
C07-29
4500 M
75 M
Enemy Can Range
Easily From
Reverse Slope
Of IV Line
Enemy Must Cross
IV Line To
Range Past High
Ground
2300 M
“Train the Force!”
Reconnaissance & Surveillance
and Security
Discussion:
 Leaders Do Not Plan for Security and Battlefield Surveillance…
Units Are Often Bypassed or Destroyed by Unseen Enemy
 Reconnaissance and Surveillance Occurs in the Assembly
Area, Battle Position, and on the Offensive… Not Just in the
Security Zone
Recommendation:
 Develop and Enforce SOPs for Establishing Security
 Define Exact Security Requirements in Priorities of Work
 Develop Internal R&S Plan for All Operations… Assign
Responsibilities for NAIs (Where to Look), SIR (What to Look
For), and Times to Look (Based on Event Temp)
C07-30
“Train the Force!”
Battle Command
Discussion:
 Leaders Have Difficulty in Determining Units Mission Essential
Task and Purpose
 Leaders Do Not Assign Clear Task and Purpose to Subordinates
 Orders Are Often Incomplete and Lack Detail… Poor Scheme of
Maneuver, Weak Paragraph 1, and No Paragraph 4 and 5
Recommendation:
 Leaders Must Be Thoroughly Knowledgeable of Doctrine
 Conduct Training on the Planning Process… Become Proficient
in Developing and Writing Operations Orders
 Develop Leader Initiative… Leaders Must Know “the Why”, Not
“the How”
 Fight the Enemy, Not the Plan
“Train the Force!”
C07-31
The “Why” of the
Mission
PURPOSE
THE
PLAN
ACTION
LD
TERRAIN
ENEMY
LEADERS
SELF
1.
2.
3.
4.
C07-32
The Plan Must Be Adjusted for Changes In…..
The Situation…..
By Leaders Who Are Empowered to Exercise Initiative…..
Which Allows for the Performance of the Right Task at the Right Time!
- From Armor Magazine (July-August 1997) Article,
“The Reason Why We Will Win”
“Train the Force!”
AGILITY:
Reacting to an Uncooperative Enemy
 Battlefield Visualization: Continual Recognition Of Changing
Battlefield Conditions
 Running Estimates
 Continuous IPB
 Continuous R&S: Ensures We Maintain Initiative, Reduce
Uncertainty, & Keep The Enemy Guessing
 Disseminate Gathered Intelligence on the Enemy
 Refine The Plan Accordingly
 Issue FRAGOs (Written Or Verbal)
C07-33
“Train the Force!”
Company / Team
Command Posts
“The Company Command Post Assists the Commander
and His Subordinate Leaders in Preparing for Battles by Providing
a Centralized Point for Information Gathering and Dissemination,
Coordination, Time Management, and Tracking of Unit Status.”
- Page 2-53, FM 71-1, 26 JAN 98
Keys to Success:





C07-34
Redundant Communication Nets
Avoid Using Combat Vehicles
White Light Capable at Night
Large Enough to Use for Briefings
Quick Setup and Takedown
“Train the Force!”
Company / Team
Command Posts
OE254
SICCUP or Tarp
“A Way”
TF CMD TF MORT
CO CMD CO CMD
- FISTV Crew Needs to Train
At Home Station With Co/Tm
- Increases Manning
- Covers More Nets
- Makes Brigade FS Net Avail
For Intel Traffic
“Another Way”
- Reduces Risk of Losing FISTV
To TF Mission or Other Duty
- Reduces Signature
- Back up Vehicle: Commander’s
HMMWV, Maint or Medic M113
OE254
C07-35
TF CMD
CO CMD
“Train the Force!”
Company / Team
Command Posts
Manning





Must Designate NCOIC (Eg. Master Gunner)
Organize Into Two Shifts (Day and Night) With 3 Personnel Minimum Per Shift
Designate Shift NCOs (Eg. Day - Gunner, Night - Senior Medic)
May Require Augmentation From Platoons
Each NCO Must Brief NCOIC at Shift Change
Operations
 How to Track Is Not So Important As What to Track, but the CP Is a Command
and Control Node, So It Must Know Basics About the Company / Team
 The Commander Must Develop A Command Post SOP
 Most Frequently Forgotten Items:
- Task Organization Status and Times
- SITEMP Updates
- Timeline Management
- Adjacent Unit Locations
C07-36
“Train the Force!”
Direct Fire Planning
Discussion:
 Units Do Not Arrive at the NTC With a Clear Concept of How to
Develop a Direct Fire Plan
 Units Are Unable to Clearly Delineate Where They Desire to Kill
the Enemy and Then Develop Graphic Control Measures That
Will Focus, Mass, Distribute, and Shift Fires Appropriately
Recommendation:
 Develop SOPs at All Levels That Include Standard Means for
Focusing Fires While Preventing Fratricide Based on the
Principals of Fire Control, FM 71-1, Chapter 2
 Use Terrain Boards and Field Exercises to Train That SOP
C07-37
“Train the Force!”
Direct Fire Planning
TTP For The Defense
TRP2
TRP3
Q1
Q2
TRP4
TRP5
AE0100
TRP6
C07-38
Q4
TRP1
Q3
MEL
3750m
(TOW)
MEL
2500m
120mm
25mm
TRP7 FPL
1000m
“Train the Force!”
TF FIRE PLAN EXAMPLE
05
06
07
08
09
40
A1
3500M
TRP1
39
AE2002
2500M
TRP4
A2
AE2001
PL TOW
TRP3
38
PL TANK
TRP2
1000M
800M
37
B1
B2
PL FIFTY
PL COAX
36
35
TM A
C07-39
34
TM B
TM C
“Train the Force!”
Actions On Contact
Discussion:
 Units Have Difficulty Reacting to Multiple Forms of Contact
 Units Tend to Stop When First Engaged
 Units Not Trained To React To, or Find Dismounted Weapons
(Eg. AT-5, 2A45M)
Recommendation:
 Train Actions on Contact Battle Drills for Multiple Forms of
Contact (Section, Platoon, and Company Level)
 Expand Home Station Training to Include Dismounted Systems
 Train for Enemy Fire From Adjacent Unit Sector
C07-40
“Train the Force!”
Rehearsals
Discussion:
 Rehearsals Are Rarely Conducted to Standard
 Plan Not Well Disseminated to Subordinates
 Subordinates Uncertain of Commander’s Intent
 Rehearsal Becomes a Briefing
Recommendation:
 Develop Method to Quickly Build Rehearsal Site
 Ensure Subordinates Fully Understand the Plan
 Portray an Uncooperative Enemy Based on Most Likely ECOA
 Follow Logical Sequence… Focusing on Critical Events
 Allow Subordinates to Brief Actions, Orientation, and T/P
C07-41
“Train the Force!”
Risk Management
Discussion:
 Leaders Do Not Incorporate Risk Management in Planning Process
 Risk Management Includes Tactical and Accidental Risk
 Subordinates Only Use Higher Headquarters Risk Assessment…
They Do Not Consider Risk at Their Level
Recommendation:
 Incorporate Risk Management in Planning Process… ID Risks /
Hazards Throughout
 Actively Manage Those Tactical Risks That May Result in Mission
Failure
 Get Input From Junior Leaders and Troopers
 Ensure Subordinates Complete RA
C07-42
“Train the Force!”
Risk Management
Assess
Hazards
Develop
Controls & Make
Risk Decision
Five Step Process
1. Identify Hazards
2. Assess Hazards
IDENTIFY
HAZARDS
Implement
Controls
Supervise
& Evaluate
3. Develop Controls
4. Implement Controls
5. Supervise & Evaluate
Conduct Risk Management Planning
Concurrently With TLP / COA Development /
Mission Planning
C07-43
“Train the Force!”
Home Station Training
Eight Step Training Model
1. Plan The Training
2. Train And Certify Leaders
3. Recon The Training Site
4. Issue The Training Plan
5. Conduct Rehearsals
6. Execute Training
7. Conduct AARs
8. Retrain (Meet Standards)
C07-44
“Train the Force!”
Conclusion
 Overview of the National Training Center
-
Mission Statement
Role of the Observer-Controller
Training Rotation
Typical Task Force Timeline
 Rotational Trends
 Recommended Company Commander Focus
 Home Station Training
C07-45
“Train the Force!”