Transcript Slajd 1
Raport z konferencji EPS2003 w Akwizgranie Jan Paweł Nassalski Instytut Problemów Jądrowych im. A.Sołtana 10.10.2003 Seminarium IFD UW 1 17-23 lipca 2003 ~ 500 uczestników ~9 z Polski; Prezentacje: B.Badełek, J.Ukleja, M.Krawczyk, M.Różańska, F.Żarnecki, A.Trzupek Konwenerzy B.Wosiek „High energy nuclear physics” M.Turała „Detectors and data handling” JPN „CP violation” Nagrody: High Energy Particle Physics Prize of EPS to David Gross, David Politzer, and Frank Wilczek Gribov Medal to Nima Arkani-Hamed, Harvard Young Particle Physicist Award to Guillaume Unal Outreach Prize to Rolf Landua, and Nicholas Tracas 10.10.2003 Seminarium IFD UW 2 SESJE #prezentacji 1. Hard QCD ………………………………. 51 2. Hadronic physics ………………………. 35 3. Heavy flavour physics ……………….. 31 4. Physics beyond the Standard Model .. 30 5. Tests of the Standard Model ………… 30 6. Physics beyond the Standard Model .. 30 7. Detectors and data handling ………… 24 8. Neutrino Properties and oscillations 21 9. CP violation ……………………………. . 19 10. High energy nuclear physics …………17 11. Particle astrophysics – dark matter ….10 12. Accelerator R&D ……………………….. 10 13. Particle astrophysics – cosmic rays … 9 14. String theory and extra dimensions …. 8 15. Non perturbative field theory ………… 7 10.10.2003 Seminarium IFD UW 3 1 10.10.2003 Seminarium IFD UW 4 10.10.2003 Seminarium IFD UW 5 10.10.2003 Seminarium IFD UW 6 10.10.2003 Seminarium IFD UW 7 10.10.2003 Seminarium IFD UW 8 10.10.2003 Seminarium IFD UW 9 10.10.2003 Seminarium IFD UW 10 10.10.2003 Seminarium IFD UW 11 10.10.2003 Seminarium IFD UW 12 10.10.2003 Seminarium IFD UW 13 10.10.2003 Seminarium IFD UW 14 10.10.2003 Seminarium IFD UW 15 10.10.2003 Seminarium IFD UW 16 10.10.2003 Seminarium IFD UW 17 10.10.2003 Seminarium IFD UW 18 10.10.2003 Seminarium IFD UW 19 10.10.2003 Seminarium IFD UW 20 10.10.2003 Seminarium IFD UW 21 10.10.2003 Seminarium IFD UW 22 2 10.10.2003 Seminarium IFD UW 23 10.10.2003 Seminarium IFD UW 24 10.10.2003 Seminarium IFD UW 25 10.10.2003 Seminarium IFD UW 26 10.10.2003 Seminarium IFD UW 27 10.10.2003 Seminarium IFD UW 28 10.10.2003 Seminarium IFD UW 29 10.10.2003 Seminarium IFD UW 30 10.10.2003 Seminarium IFD UW (Laser-Electron Photon facility at SPring-8 (ITEP 0.85 GeV K+ Xe → K0 p Xe’) γ 12C →K- K+ X) 31 (S=+1) 10.10.2003 (JLAB: 3-5.25 GeV γ) Seminarium IFD UW 32 (F.Wilczek) 10.10.2003 Seminarium IFD UW 33 SAPHIR Collaboration: 1.7-2.7 GeV γ p -> n K+ K0s 10.10.2003 Seminarium IFD UW 34 10.10.2003 Seminarium IFD UW 35 (of Frank Wilczek presentation) 10.10.2003 Seminarium IFD UW 36 3 Relativistic Heavy Ion Physics: An Experimental Review Saskia Mioduszewski 22 July 2003 10.10.2003 Seminarium IFD UW 37 Summary Physics highlights: • Strong collective expansion at SPS and RHIC • • Evidence for early equilibration at RHIC SPS: * Anomalous J/ suppression * Enhancement of low-mass dileptons RHIC: * Suppression of high pT particles and disappearance of away-side jet • Very intriguing results. All consistent with QGP formation 10.10.2003 Seminarium IFD UW 38 Nuclear Modification Factor RAA Nuclear Modification Factor d 2 N AA /dpT d RAA ( pT ) TAA d 2 NN /dpT d <Nbinary>/inelp+p NN cross section • in absence of nuclear effects – RAA < 1 at low pT (soft physics regime) – RAA = 1 at high pT (hard scattering regime) • “suppression” (enhancement, e.g. Cronin effect) – RAA < 1 (> 1) at high pT 10.10.2003 Seminarium IFD UW 39 RAA for p0 By definition, processes that scale with Nbinary will produce RAA=1. RAA is what we measure divided by what we expect. Nbinary-scaling RAA is < 1 at RHIC, but > 1 at SPS SPS: “Cronin” effect dominates RHIC: suppression dominates 10.10.2003 A.L.S.Angelis PLB 185, 213 (1987) WA98, EPJ C 23, 225 (2002) PHENIX, PRL 88 022301 (2002) PHENIX submitted to PRL, nucl-ex/0304022 Seminarium IFD UW 40 Jet Quenching ? • high pT suppression reproduced by models with parton energy loss • other explanations not ruled out, need to measure initial-state effects comparison with model calculations with and without parton energy loss Levai without parton energy loss Wang Wang with parton energy loss Vitev Wang: X.N. Wang, Phys. Rev. C61, 064910 (2000). Levai: P.Levai, Nuclear Physics A698 (2002) 631. Vitev: I. Vitev and M. Gyulassy, hepph/0208108 + Gyulassy, Levai, 10.10.2003 Vitev, Nucl. Phys. B 594, p. 371 Seminarium IFD UW (2001). Au+Aup0+X at sNN = 200 GeV Levai 41 RAA vs. RdA for charged hadrons and p0 d+Au BRAHMS, PHENIX (d+Au) Z. Yin, this hep-ex/0306021 submitted to PRL conference Initial State Effects Only Au+Au Initial + Final State Effects No Suppression in d+Au, instead small enhancement observed (Cronin effect)!! d-Au results rule out initial-state effects as the explanation for Suppression at Central Rapidity and high pTSeminarium IFD UW 10.10.2003 42 Azimuthal distributions in Au+Au Au+Au peripheral Au+Au central pedestal and flow subtracted Phys Rev Lett 90, 082302 Near-side: peripheral and central Au+Au similar to p+p Strong suppression of back-to-back correlations Seminarium IFD UW in10.10.2003 central Au+Au collisions ? 43 Azimuthal distributions pedestal and flow subtracted Near-side: p+p, d+Au, Au+Au similar Back-to-back: Au+Au strongly suppressed relative to p+p and d+Au 10.10.2003 Suppression of the back-to-back correlation in central Au+Au is UW a final-state effect Seminarium IFD 44 S. Stone Syracuse Univ. July 2003 4 Experimental Results in Heavy Flavor Physics Many references not properly cited here. Apologies in advance. 10.10.2003 Far too much interesting Material to include in 45 min. Apologies in advance. Seminarium IFD UW 45 Conclusions • There have been lots of surprises in Heavy Quark Physics, including: – Long b Lifetime – Bo – Bo mixing – Narrow Ds** states • Now finding the effects of New Physics in b & c decays would not be a surprise - we expect to do it! 10.10.2003 Seminarium IFD UW 46 Some basics: b Lifetimes • Note ratio tB+/tBo = 1.073±0.014, a 5.2difference • Also tLb tBo • According to proponents of the Heavy Quark Expansion model, there should be at most a 10% difference between b-bayron & Bo lifetimes 10.10.2003 Seminarium IFD UW 47 Some basics: Charm lifetimes (charm photoproduction at FERMILAB) • New precise lifetimes from FOCUS, a challenge to QCD (from Pedrini) 10.10.2003 Seminarium IFD UW 48 Narrow Ds** States • Ds** (c & s in l=1 states) predicted Jp: 0+, 1+, 1+ & 2+. One 1+ & 2+ previously seen, these decay into D(*)K, are relatively narrow. Others are also predicted to be above D(*)K threshold and have large ~200 MeV widths • BaBar: “Narrow” peak in Dsp+o BABAR 91 fb-1 mass distribution. Mass is 2316.8±0.4±3.0 MeV, width consistent with mass resolution ~9 MeV • Lighter than most potential model predictions. Mass is 40 MeV below DK threshold 10.10.2003 Seminarium IFD UW 49 CLEO Sees Two States 2.32 GeV 2.11 GeV Ds p0 • Confirms the BaBar observation of Ds(2317) (13.5 fb-1) = 8.01.3MeV 1.2 – Detector resolution: 6.0±0.3 MeV – 165±20 events in peak 10.10.2003 Seminarium IFD UW 50 CLEO finds new state near 2460 MeV 2.46 GeV • See 2nd state decaying into Ds*po, at 2460 MeV Ds* p0 = 6.1±1.0 MeV – Detector res: 6.6±0.5 MeV – 55±10 events in peak 10.10.2003 Seminarium IFD UW Ds* signal region 55±10 events Ds* sideband region 51 Belle Confirms Both States D*s sidebands M(Ds*+ π0 )-M(Ds*+) M(Ds+ π0 )-M(Ds+) (See Seuster’s talk) 10.10.2003 Seminarium IFD UW 52 Other Charge States Not Seen • CLEO: Ds +p- or Ds +p+ not seen at level more than factor of 10 lower than Ds p-; speaks against + molecule. Also: CLEO 2317 CDF 10.10.2003 Seminarium IFD UW 53 10.10.2003 Seminarium IFD UW 54 10.10.2003 Seminarium IFD UW 55 Possible Explanations • DK molecule Barnes, Close & Lipkin hep-ph/0305025 • “Ordinary” excited cs states: Ds**, narrow because isospin is violated in the decay (is only way for hadronic decay to occur since its below DK threshold - see Cho & Wise). Use HQET + chiral symmetry to explain. Bardeen, Eichten & Hill hep-ph/0305049. Also Nowak, Rho & Zahed hep-ph/0307102 • (cs states are all I=0, p is I=1) Colangelo & De Fazio hep-ph/0305140 & Godfrey hep-ph/0305122 ask us to look for radiative decays; such transitions support cs • • • • Van Beveran & Rupp explain in terms of unitarized meson model hep-ph/0305049 Bali says lattice cannot accommodate these as cs states hep-ph/0305049, however this claim is disputed, Dougall et al hep-ph/0307001 Dai, Huang & Zhu hep-ph/0306274 show that the masses can be obtained using QCD sum rules Browder et. al, mixture with 4-quark state above DK threshold hep-ph/0307054 10.10.2003 Seminarium IFD UW 56 5 10.10.2003 Seminarium IFD UW 57 10.10.2003 Seminarium IFD UW 58 10.10.2003 Seminarium IFD UW 59 10.10.2003 Seminarium IFD UW 60 10.10.2003 Seminarium IFD UW 61 10.10.2003 Seminarium IFD UW 62 10.10.2003 Seminarium IFD UW 63 10.10.2003 Seminarium IFD UW 64 10.10.2003 Seminarium IFD UW 65 10.10.2003 Seminarium IFD UW 66 10.10.2003 Seminarium IFD UW 67 10.10.2003 Seminarium IFD UW 68 10.10.2003 Seminarium IFD UW 69 10.10.2003 Seminarium IFD UW 70 10.10.2003 Seminarium IFD UW 71 10.10.2003 Seminarium IFD UW 72 10.10.2003 Seminarium IFD UW 73 10.10.2003 Seminarium IFD UW 74 10.10.2003 Seminarium IFD UW 75 Struktura nukleonu 10.10.2003 Seminarium IFD UW 76 Z „Podsumowania”, D.Treille 10.10.2003 Seminarium IFD UW 77 Komplet prezentacji konferencyjnych można znaleźć pod adresem: http://eps2003.physik.rwth-aachen.de/transparencies/index.php 10.10.2003 Seminarium IFD UW 78 10.10.2003 Seminarium IFD UW 79 The Basics: Quark Mixing & the CKM Matrix d s b mass 1 2 1 2 3 u 1- λ λ Aλ ρ-iη 1- λ 2 2 1 2 2 4 2 2 V= c -λ 1- λ -iηA λ Aλ 1+iηλ 2 m 3 2 -Aλ 1 a t Aλ 1-ρ-iη s • A, l, r and are in the Standard Model fundamentals constants of nature like G, or aEM multiplies i and is responsible for CP violation • We know l=0.22 (Vus), A~0.8; constraints on r & 10.10.2003 Seminarium IFD UW 80 The 6 CKM Triangles • From Unitarity • “ds” - indicates rows or columns used • There are 4 independent phases: b,g,c, c (a can be substituted for g or b,as abgp) c c Best measured in Bs decays g b a 10.10.2003 Seminarium IFD UW 81 |Vub | Summary • All measurements nicely clustered. RMS ~0.3x10-3 • However, there are theoretical errors that have not been included • Also previous values may have influenced new values • Possibly safe to say |Vub|=(4.0±1.0)x10-3 • The more you learn the bigger the errors get • Future: – More and better tagged data from B-factories – Lattice calculations (unquenched) for exclusives in high q2 region 10.10.2003 Seminarium IFD UW 82 My Value & Error on |Vub| • Exclusives: average CLEO & BaBar rln,&CLEO pln Add in quadrature ±10% (models) and ±20% (quenching) for theory error, get 3.52 ±0.27±0.78 • Lepton endpoint: Average CLEO & BaBar using experimental errors, 4.28±0.22. Add in quadrature: ±0.44fu±0.16OPEsg±0.64twist ±1.3WA ±0.35duality±0.22mb get 4.28±0.22±1.44 • Don’t use results with just Mx cut due to parton model singularity and resulting uncertain error • Use Belle “annealing result” since both Mx and q2 cuts are made (add duality error of 7%, & WA error of 7% increase theory error for mb to 10%) gives 3.96±0.47±0.56 • Now average these values taking into account common theoretical error: (3.90 ±0.16±0.53)x10-3 Very subjective! 10.10.2003 Seminarium IFD UW 83 10.10.2003 Seminarium IFD UW 84 10.10.2003 Seminarium IFD UW 85 Summary of Narrow Ds** (Masses & Widths) 1+ 0+ Dm=M(0+)-M(1+)=2.1±1.4 MeV Width G < 7 MeV (both states) CLEO 10.10.2003 Seminarium IFD UW 86