Transcript Slide 1

CHALLENGES
IN
DEVELOPMENT
OF
INDIAN POWER SYSTEM
Mr. V. Ramakrishna
Member (Power System), CEA
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT
EMERGING SCENARIO
CHALLENGES IN PLANNING
CHRONOLOGY
POWER DEVELOPMENT INITIAL YEARS
 Isolated Systems around Urban and Industrial Areas
ELECTRICITY (SUPPLY) ACT,1948.
 Rationalisation of Production and Supply of
Electricity and creation of CEA for this purpose.
 Extension of benefits of Electricity to Semi-urban and
Rural areas in most efficient and economical manner.
 Linking together contiguous areas to establish ‘Grid
Systems’.
 Enabled Provincial Govts to set up SEBs for
development and administration of ‘Grid Systems’.
TOWARDS NATIONAL POWER GRID
Concept
Emergence
Consolidation
& Integration
1948
50s
60s & 70s
 REGIONAL GRIDS 1964
70s
80s & 90s
 STATE GRIDS
 NATIONAL GRID
1997
2000-2012 / 2015
Growth in Transmission System
140000
120000
100000
80000
60000
40000
20000
0 1950
132kV CKM
71
81
220kV CKM
85
400kV CKM
90
HVDC bi-pole
92
97
HVDC back-to back
2002
2005
765kV 400kV Op
DEVELOPMENT OF INDIAN POWER SYSTEM
CONCEPT SO FAR
 Generation & transmission development on Regional self
sufficiency.
 Inter-regional lines for limited exchange of operational surpluses
through asynchronous links.
 Exchange in radial mode between ER - NR, WR - SR & ER - NR.
 Surplus available not being fully utilized in other deficit regions
as previous plans were not for bulk inter-regional transfer.
PROJECTS
REGIONS
DEMAND 2011-12
PEAK LOAD
(GW)
NORTHERN
49
WESTERN
47
SOUTHERN
42
EASTERN
16
NORTH-EASTERN 3
ALL-INDIA
157
16th EPS
ENERGY
(Average GU per day)
0.85
0.82
0.72
0.25
0.04
2.70
 The above projection taken as basis for evolving perspective
transmission plan for 2011-12.
GENERATION SCENARIO
PROJECTION
2011-12
16TH EPS
INSTALLED CAPACITY
210 GW
PEAK DEMAND
157 GW
ENERGY (Average)
2.7 GU per day
DEVELOPMENT OF GRID- WHAT NEXT
?
 Regional Grids consolidated
 Stage set for optimization at National level
 Disposition of energy resources is uneven





Major Hydro resources in NER & NR
Coal reserves mostly in Bihar/ Orissa/ West Bengal.
Not much further Hydro Potential in WR & SR.
Not much further coal potential in NR & WR.
Environmental problems limiting further exploitation of
Hydro Potential
 Optimal location of new generating resources in
ER / NER.
DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY PERSPECTIVE
 SUBSTANTIAL SAVINGS POSSIBLE WITH POWER
DEVELOPMENT PLANNED ON COUNTRYWISE
BASIS
AND
THE
SYSTEM
OPERATED
ACCORDINGLY
 SAVINGS ON ACCOUNT OF:
DEMAND DIVERSITIES
RESERVE SHARING
OPTIMAL LOCATION OF GENERATION
ENHANCED UTILISATION OF OPERATIONAL SURPLUSSES
AND MERIT ORDER GENERATION ON A WIDER SCALE.
 TO ACHIEVE THE ABOVE A NATIONAL GRID
IS BEING DEVELOPED
Physical Links
SPECIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF TRANSMISSION SYSTEM
 MUST BE ADEQUATE AND RELIABLE TO MEET EVACUATION
REQUIREMENT FOR EACH STATION SEPERATELY.
 MUST PROVIDE RELIABLE
NETWORK OF EACH AREA.
DISPERSAL
TO
DISTRIBUTION
 SHOULD FIT WELL INTO LONG TERM SYSTEM NEEDS
 AMENABLE FOR STAGE DEVELOPMENT
 OPTIMALLY UTILISE TRANSMISSION CORRIDORS
 PLANNED TO MEET EXTREME CREDIBLE CONTINGENCIES
In case of inter regional lines this would mean increased surplus in
normally surplus regions and simultaneously increased deficit in
normally deficit region.
Growth in Inter-Regional Transmission Capacity
INTER REGIONAL TRANSMISSION CAPACITY
All figures in MW
YEAR
2002
2005
2007
2010
2012
765kV
0
0
1100
2200
9200
400kV
1000
2400
7800
11400
16400
0
2000
2500
2500
6500
2000
3000
3000
3000
3000
200
200
200
200
200
220kV
1850
1850
1850
1850
1850
TOTAL
5050
9450
16450
21150
37150
HVDC bi-pole
HVDC b-t-b
HVDC mono-pole
765kV
400kV
HVDC bi-pole
HVDC b-t-b
HVDC mono-pole
220kV
40000
35000
30000
MW
25000
20000
15000
10000
5000
0
2002
2005
2007
YEARS
2010
2012
Inter-regional Lines - X PLAN
At the Start of 10th Plan
Added so far
To be added during remaining
Upgradation
Talcher – Kolar HVDC Bipole
period
of 10thof Plan
5050
4400
7000
Muzaffarpur - Gorakhpur 400kV D/C (Quad,
Biharshariff-Balia 400kV D/C TCSC)
(Quad)
2000
Patna-Balia 400kV D/C (Quad)
1200
Ranchi-Sipat 400kV D/C (40% Series Comp.)
1000
Agra-Gwalior 765kV S/C line-1 400kV
1100
500
1200
Inter-regional Lines – XI PLAN
BARH
Barh-Balia 400 kV D/C (Quad)
1200
Rourkela – Raipur 400 kV D/C line – 2 (with TCSC)
1400
Agra- Gwalior 765 kV S/C line-2 400kV operation
1100
Kankroli – Zerda 400kV D/C
1000
RAPP-Nagda 400kV D/C
1000
BiswanathChariyali – Agra HVDC Bipole at + 600kV
4000
Bongaigaon – Siliguri 400kV D/C
1000
North Karanpura-Sipat PP 765 kV S/C
2300
Sasaram-Fatehpur 765 kV S/C (40% Series Comp)
2300
Agra-Gwalior 765 kV S/C line-1 (Operation at 765 kV)
1200
Agra-Gwalior 765kV S/C line-1 (Operation 765 kV)
1200
Hima-Sipat 400kV D/C
1000
Hirma-Raipur 400kV D/C
1000
Parli-Raichur 400kV D/C
1000
ER-WR SCHEME
NR-WR SCHEME
SUBANSIRI
MAITHON RB, NORTH KARANPURA
YET TO BE FIRMED-UP
All India (addition during 11th Plan)
20700
Projected Requirement of
Inter-Regional Transmission of Power
Winter Off Peak
Winter Peak
Surplus
Availability
Demand
Deficit/
Surplus
31374
-5288
36052
44820
-8768
43037
33651
9386
46312
51770
-5458
Southern
30024
24902
5122
34886
38310
-3424
Eastern
23438
8606
14832
25753
13240
12513
North-Eastern
1985
1404
581
4605
2160
2445
124570
99937
24633
147608
150300
-2692
Regions
Availability
Demand
Northern
26086
Western
Total
Deficit/
Projected Requirement of
Inter-Regional Transmission of Power
Summer Off Peak
Regions
Availability
cont…3
Summer Peak
Demand
Deficit/
Surplus
Availability
Demand
Deficit/
Surplus
Northern
38485
40338
-1853
42222
44820
-2598
Western
43052
36239
6813
45508
51770
-6262
Southern
31987
26817
5170
35633
36395
-762
Eastern
23948
9268
14680
25685
13240
12445
North-Eastern
5260
1512
3748
6570
2160
4410
142732
114174
28558
155618
148385
7233
Total
Programme – TRANSMISSION LINES
PROGRAMME
X Plan
XI Plan
765 kV
cKm
1040
3200
HVDC+ 600kV
cKm
0
3600
HVDC+ 500Kv
cKm
2740
1800
400 kV
cKm
23180
44440
As at the end of
9th Plan
2004-05
10th Plan
11th Plan
765 kV
cKm
970
970
2010
5210
HVDC+ 600kV
cKm
0
0
0
3600
HVDC+ 500Kv
cKm
3140
5880
5880
7680
400 kV
cKm
49380
59170
72560
117000
Programme – SUBSTATIONS
PROGRAMME
X Plan
XI Plan
765 kV
MVA
3000
21500
HVDC bi-pole
MVA
2500
6500
HVDC b-t-b
MVA
1000
0
400 kV
MVA
33675
40000
As at the end of
9th Plan
2004-05
10th Plan
11th Plan
765 kV
MVA
0
0
3000
24500
HVDC bi-pole
MVA
3000
5000
5500
12000
HVDC b-t-b
MVA
2000
3000
3000
3000
400 kV
MVA
61325
73500
95000
135000
Inter-linking transmission system under State Sector
 Matching transmission system at 220kV and 132 kV
 Sub-transmission at 66kV and 33kV
 Distribution system (33kV and below for Rural Areas)
(132kV and below for cities)
System up to the final destination catering to the load
growth and ensure delivery of the electricity up to the
end consumers in the country.
220 kV & 132 kV Normative Estimate
(including R &M)
(not included in NEP, should form part of States’ Plan)
PROGRAMME
X Plan
XI Plan
230 /220 kv
cKm
20000
23000
132/ 110 kV
cKm
22000
20000
230/220 kV
MVA
35000
69000
132 /110 kV
MVA
32000
53000
As at the end of
9th Plan
2004-05
10th Plan
11th Plan
230 /220 kv
cKm
97000
106000
117000
140000
132/ 110 kV
cKm
118000
130000
140000
160000
230/220 kV
MVA
116000
139000
151000
220000
132 /110 kV
MVA
120000
136000
152000
205000
M AJ O R TRANSM I SSI O N NE TWO R K O F I ND I A
CHALLENGES IN POWER SYSTEM
PLANNING
Uncertainty in load growth
 Impact on Transmission planning
Delicensing of Thermal Generation
 Need for periodic review of plan.
CHALLENGES IN POWER SYSTEM
PLANNING (Contd..)
SCHEDULE OF H.E. PROJECTS
 Constraints in RoW
 Creation of Pooling Points & bulk
transmission
 Experience of Kishanpur – Moga 765kV line.
CHALLENGES IN POWER SYSTEM
PLANNING (Contd..)
OPEN ACCESS IN TRANSMISSION
 Market driven exchanges may influence
pattern of power flow
 Periodic review and strengthening
CHALLENGES IN POWER SYSTEM
PLANNING (Contd..)
 RoW CONSTRAINT
 Environmental
 Wild Life sanctuaries
 Multi circuit lines ?
Urban areas
 GIS, high capacity lines
 Utilisation of Hydro potential in North East
Transmission System for Hydro
development in NER
30-35 GW of Hydro potential in North-eastern Region
10 GW from Sikkim and Bhutan
 Substantial power from this region would be required to
be transmitted to NR/WR over distances exceeding 2000
km.
 Right of way constraints in the chicken neck area.
 Hybrid network of EHVDC and high capacity 400 kV
AC would be developed.
Emerging Technologies
Problems associated with development of All
India Grid
 Upgrading of Protection system
 Isolation of faulty system
 Defense mechanism
Emerging Technologies (contd…)
 GIS, FACTS etc
 Compression of construction period
 Satellite imagery
 Standardization of Tower Design
 Modern construction techniques
 Failure rate of transformers