Transcript Slide 1

Lifetime Engineering
A Visionary View
Prof. Dr. Asko Sarja
Technical Research Centre of Finland, VTT Building
and Transport
17th April, 2005
Asko Sarja - Workshop "Lifetime"
Lyon 2005
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LIFETIME ENGINEERING
 Lifetime engineering is a theory and practice of predictive and
integrated long-term investment planning, design, management
of the use, maintenance planning and end-of-life management
of facilities
 With the aid of lifetime engineering we can control and
optimise the design and management of facilities
corresponding to the objectives of owners, users and society.
 The objective of Lifetime Engineering is an optimised Lifetime
Quality of facilities
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Life cycle of a building
The condition of the ground,
1.1 Investment analysis
impurities, soil etc.
Environmental aspects
Re-use of the materials
1.2 Project planning:
Setting the goals
0. LAND
0. LAND
1.3 Choices
1. DEVELOP1. DEVELOPMENT
MENT
6. DEMOLITION
6. DEMOLITION
5.1 Implementation
of the maintenance
strategy
Taking
into use
Technical life cycle
Technical life cycle
of the building
of the building
1.5 Quality
control
1.6 Auditing
2. UTILIZATION
2. UTILIZATION
5. UTILIZATION
5. UTILIZATION
1.7 Maintenance
strategy
4.6 Maintenance
strategy
Taking
into use
4.5 Auditing
1.4 Designing and
Construction
4. REDEVELOP4. REDEVELOPMENT
MENT
4.1 Investment analysis
4.2 Project planning:
Setting the goals
3.1Renting
Visio => cost-effectiveness
strategy
3.5 Demolition
3.4 Acquisition
4.3 Choices
2.1 Implementation
of the maintenance
strategy
3. VACANT
3. VACANT
3.2 Redevelopment 3.3 Sale
3.4.1 Investment analysis
3.4.2 Setting the goals
3.4.3 Choices
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CONTENT OF THE LIFETIME
ENGINEERING
-
Lifetime investment planning
Integrated lifetime design
Integrated lifetime procurement (lifetime contract)
Integrated lifetime management and maintenance
planning
- Rehabilitation and modernisation
- End-of Life Management:
- Recovery, Reuse
- Recycling and
- Disposal
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Visions of the future Lifetime Engineering
• The generic criteria of Sustainable Building are followed
– in all phases of the life cycle
• The lifetime management is:
– predictive: future usability, economy, ecology and cultural
aspects are evaluated, modelled and used as criteria for
selections between alternative solutions and products in all
phases
– creative: alternative solutions and technologies are created and
found at all phases of the process
– optimising: comparisons between alternative solutions and
products made with rational methods applying the criteria, which
correspond to the generic criteria on techno-economic and
architectural level
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Optimising Lifetime Management and design Process
[John Kelly and Steven Male, Value Management in Design and Construction. E&FN SPON London. 1993.]
Value management
Value
management
and
Cost
management
opportunities
Cost management
Quantity of
information
Unstructured
information
a
b
Project
awareness
Client
development
Pre-brief
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Design information
Concept information
A
B
Inception
Feasibility
Briefing
C
Outline
proposals
D
E
F
Scheme
design
Detail
design
Production
information
Sketch plans
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Bills of
quantities
H
Tender
action
Working drawings
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LIFETIME ENGINEERING PROCESS
•
Value engineering and management
–
a service
•
•
•
•
•
that utilises structured functional analysis and
other problem solving tools and technques in order to
determine explicitely s client`s needs and wants
related to both cost and worth
Cost management
–
a servgice that
•
•
•
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synthesises traditional quantity surveying skills with
structured cost cost reduction or
substitution procedures using multi-disciplinary team.
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Levels of the functional analysis
• Level 1: Task
– represents the first stage wherein the client organisation perceives a
problem
– This problem may be realised through a study of efficiency, safety,
markets, profitability etc.
• Level 2: Spaces
– Represents the stage where the architect or the whole design team are
engaged in the preaparation of the brief in conjunction with the client
• Level 3: Elements/Modules:
– Is the stage where the building assumes a structural form
• Level 4: Components:
– Is the point where the elements/modules take an identity in terms of buit
form.
– Components are selected to satisfy the requirements in terms of
surrounding and servicing space
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[John Kelly and Steven Male, Value Management in Design and Construction. E&FN SPON London. 1993.]
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CRITERIA OF LIFETIME QUALITY
of sustainable building
HUMAN CONDITIONS
-Functionality
-Health
-Safety
-Convenience
ECONOMY
-Investment economy
-Building costs
-Life cycle costs
LIFETIME QUALITY
LIFETIME PERFORMANCE
CULTURE
-Building traditions
-Life style
-Business culture
-Aesthetics
-Architectural styles and trends
-Image
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ECOLOGY
-Raw materials economy
-Energy economy
-Environmental burdens economy
-Waste economy
-Biodiversity
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COMPONENTS OF LIFE CYCLE
QUALITY
• Life cycle monetary cost (LCMC)
– Construction cost ( 40-60% of LCMC)
– Costs during the period of use (50 y: 60-40% of
LCMC)
•
•
•
•
•
Maintenance cost during design service life
Repair costs during design service life
Changing costs during design service life
Renewal costs during design service life
Energy cost during design service life
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– Recovery + Reuse
– RecyclingAsko Sarja - Workshop "Lifetime"
Lyon 2005
– Disposal
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COMPONENTS OF LIFE CYCLE
QUALITY
• Life cycle functionality (LCF)
–Functionality for the first user
– Flexibility for changes of building
services
• Flexibility for changes of spaces
• Flexibility
for
changes
in
performance of structures
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COMPONENTS OF LIFE CYCLE
QUALITY
• Life cycle maintainability
• Reliability in operation
abnormal conditions
in
normal
and
• Ease
• Frequency
• Staff requirements
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COMPONENTS OF LIFE CYCLE
QUALITY
• Environmental effectiveness of the life
cycle(LCEC)
– Consumption of energy in use
(heating+lighting) - a dictating factor (ca.
90%)
– Consumption of energy in production (ca.
10%)
• Consumption of raw materials: Renewal/nonrenewal
• Production of pollutants and disposals into air,
soil and water
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ENERGY ECOMY CLASSIFICATION
• Class 1. Standard level. Heating + cooling energy economy is
fitting the current standards of each country or region .
• Class 2. Reduced energy level: less than 50% of the current
level.
• Class 3. Low energy level: less than 25% of the standard
level.
• Class 4. Zero energy level: Heating + cooling energy
consumption is zero.
• Class 5. Plus energy building: the gain of solar or other
natural energy is more than needed for heating and building
service systems
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COMPONENTS OF LIFE CYCLE
QUALITY
• Safety, health and comfort
– Internal air quality (emissions, fungi)
• Acoustic and visual privacy and convenience
• Hygrothermal quality of internal conditions
• Visual quality and aesthetics
– Working conditions during construction
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PHASES OF THE LIFETIME
ENGINEERING
-
Lifetime investment planning
Integrated lifetime design
Integrated lifetime procurement and construction
Integrated lifetime management and maintenance
planning
- Rehabilitation and modernisation
- End-of Life Management:
- Recovery, Reuse
- Recycling and
- Disposal
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Technical risks
Different
risk analyses
Different
value concepts
Lease
analyses
Financing,
tax and legal
environments
Location
Risks
return and
investment
value
Market
research
Services:
Needed/ available
Investment analysis
Usage
Risk analysis
Cash flow
expectations/
analysis
Income
Investment
value and price
Technical
evaluation
Suitability
for use
Residual and
salvage values
Technical
characteristics
Aesthetical
quality
Technical
condition
Maintenance
and life cycle
costs
Technical
quality
Functional
quality
[Taina Koskelo,A METHOD FOR STRATEGIC TECHNICAL LIFE CYCLE MANAGEMENT OF REAL ESTATES]
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Lifetime investment planning and
decision making
• The investment planning and decision
making applies value management to
audit and optimise:
1.The client`s use of a facility in relation to its
corporate strategy
2.The project brief
3.The emerging design
4.The production method
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Potential Benefits during lifetime
Unnecessary costs
Necessary extra cost
High influence
Low expenditure
Low influence
High expenditure
Maximum
Declining
influence on
costs
Minimum or optimum
Maximum
Minimum or optimum
Optimum
Design cost
Construction cost
Use and MR&R (maintenace,
repair and rehabilitation) costs
Modified from:
John Kelly and Steven Male, Value Management in Design and Construction. E&FN SPON London. 1993.
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Lyon 2005
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CENTRAL CONTENT OF ILC (integrated
Life Cycle)-DESIGN
– Introducing the requirements of owners, users
and society (environment incl.) into functional
and technical specifications of materials and
structures
– Modular service life planning and optimisation
– Performance based design of materials and
structures, incl. service life design (durability)
– Design for reuse of components and for
recycling of materials
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Lyon 2005
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INTRODUCING GENERIC CRITERIA INTO
DESIGN
Sustainable Society - Sustainable Building
Generic Requirements for sustainable building
Generalised lifetime limit state design
Resistance against
mechanical loads
Durability against
degradation
Usability against
obsolescence
Normative and traditional
reliability theory and methods for
structural design
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Lyon 2005
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FRAMEWORK OF ILC-DESIGN
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Lyon 2005
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INTEGRATED LIFE CYCLE DESIGN
PROCESS AND METHODS
• 1. Investment planning
– Multiple criteria analysis, optimisation and decision
making.
– Life cycle (monetary and natural) economy
• 2. Analysis of client`s and user`s needs
– Modular design methodology.
– Quality Function Deployment Method (QFD)
• 3. Functional specifications of the buildings
– Modular design methodology.
– Quality Function Deployment Method (QFD)
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Lyon 2005
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INTEGRATED LIFE CYCLE DESIGN
PROCESS AND METHODS
• 4. Technical performance specifications
– Modular design methodology.
– Quality Function Deployment Method (QFD)
• 5. Creation and sketching of alternative structural
solutions
– Modular design methodology.
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INTEGRATED LIFE CYCLE DESIGN PROCESS
AND METHODS
• 6. Modular life cycle planning and service life optimisation
of each alternative
– Modular design methodology.
– Modular service life planning.
– Life cycle (monetary and natural) economy
calculations.
• 7. Multiple criteria ranking and selection between
alternative solutions and products
– Modular design methodology.
– Quality Function Deployment Method (QFD).
– Multiple Criteria Analysis, optimisation and decision
making
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Lyon 2005
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INTEGRATED LIFE CYCLE DESIGN
PROCESS AND METHODS
• 8. Detailed design of the selected solution
– Design for future changes
– Design for durability
– Design for health
– Design for safety
– Design for hygrothermal performance.
– User`s manual.
– Design for re-use and recycling
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Lyon 2005
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MODULAR ILC-DESIGN
• The tasks for each design alternative are the
following:
• Classification of building modules into design
service life classes, following a suited modular
classification system.
• Stating the number of renewals of each module
during the design service life of the building.
• Calculation of total life cycle monetary costs and
costs of the nature (ecology) during the design life
cycle of the building.
• Preliminary optimisation of the total life cycle cost
varying the value of service life of key modules in
each alternative between the allowed values.
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Specification of performance properties for the alternative structural solutions
as an example a multi-storey apartment building.
Structural module
Central performance properties in specifications
1. Foundations
•Bearing capacity,
target service life,
 limits and targets of environmental impact profiles
2. Bearing frame
•Bearing capacity,
target service life,
estimated repair intervals,
estimated maintenance costs,
 limits and targets of environmental impact profiles.
3. Envelop/Walls
•Target values of thermal insulation,
target service life,
estimated repair intervals,
estimated maintenance costs,
limits and targets of environmental impact profiles
4. Envelop/Roof
•Target values of thermal insulation,
target service life,
estimated repair intervals,
estimated maintenance costs,
limits and targets of environmental impact profiles
5. Envelop/Ground Floor
•Target values of thermal insulation,
target service life,
estimated repair intervals,
estimated maintenance costs,
limits and targets of environmental impact profiles
Asko Sarja - Workshop "Lifetime"
Lyon 2005
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6. Envelop/Windows
• Target values of thermal insulation,
 target service life,
 estimated repair intervals,
 estimated maintenance costs,
 limits and targets of environmental impact profiles
7. Envelop/Doors
 Target values of thermal insulation,
 target service life,
 estimated repair intervals,
 estimated maintenance costs,
 limits and targets of environmental impact profiles
8. Partition Floors
• Target values of sound insulation,
 target service life,
 estimated repair intervals,
 estimated maintenance costs,
 limits and targets of environmental impact profiles,
 estimated intervals of the renewal of connected installations
9. Partition walls (incl.
doors)
•Target values of sound insulation,
 target service life,
 estimated intervals of spatial changes in the building,
 estimated repair intervals,
 estimated maintenance costs,
 limits and targets of environmental impact profiles,
 estimated intervals of the renewal of connected installations
10. Bathroom and
kitchen
• Target values of sound and moisture insulation,
 target service life,
 estimated repair intervals,
 estimated maintenance costs,
 limits and targets of environmental impact profiles,
 estimated intervals of the renewal of connected installations
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Lyon 2005
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CRITERIA IN SELECTION BETWEEN
ALTERNATIVES
• The selected alternative can fulfil some of
the following criteria:
– Best in all requirements
– Best weighted properties on reasonable cost
level
– Best in preferred requirements, fulfilling
accepted level in all requirements
– Best in valuated multiple criteria benefit/cost
ratio
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Lyon 2005
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LIFETIME RESPONSIBILITY
PROCUREMENT
Agreement on
purchase
option
Financer
CLIENT
Service
agreement
Shareholders
Shareholders
agreement
Project
Consortium
Contractor
Subsupplier
agreements
Sub-contractors
Suppliers
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Lyon 2005
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Lifetime Responsibility Procurement (Lifetime Contracting)
[Dr. Hywel Davies, Review of Standards and associated literature on technology and lifetime economy]
• Innovations in public sector:
– Private Finance Initiative (PFI) and
– Public Private Partnership (PPP).
• PFI/PPP are efficient and effective ways of delivering services
to the public sector
– the responsible contractor has real interest in optimised
lifetime costs and
– the client defines the requirements and criteria for lifetime
quality
– is applied both in building and civil engineering sector
– usual contract time period 20 - 25 years
– Variations of Lifetime Contract process:
• “Design, Build and Operate” (DBO),
• “Design, Build, Finance and Operate” (DBFO),
• “Build, Own, Operate, Transfer” (BOOT)
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Lyon 2005
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Predictive and optimising Facility Management
RELIABILITY BASED
METHODOLOGY
 System structure
 Generic Reliability
 Generic Methodology
CONDITION
ASSESSMENT
PROTOCOL:
"LIFECON CAP"
GENERIC TECHNICAL
HANDBOOK:
"LIFECON LMS"
PLANNING OF MR&R
PROJECTS
 Framework
 Process
 Duracrete
 RILEM TC 130CSL
 LCC and LCE
 Selections
between methods
and materials
 Decision making
support
METHODS FOR OPTIMISATION
AND DECISION MAKING
EUROPEAN
VALIDATION
 Case Studies
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DEGRADATION MODELS
IT- PROTOTYPE
 Markovian Chain Method
 Quality Function
Deployment Method QFD
 Risk Analysis
 Multiple Attribute Decision
Making Aid
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Lyon 2005
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End-of Life Management
[Prof. Dr. Frank Schultmann, End-of-Life Management of Buildings, Chair for Construction Management and
Economics, University of Siegen ]
Material Flow Management
Scheduling and Optimisation
constraints
results
audit of
buildings
databases
dismantlingplanning
ressources
> human resources
> machinery
> space on
construction site
...
duration
costs
recycling paths
...
bill of materials
composition of
construction materials
quantity of harmful
materials
material flows
environmental
assessment
...
dismantling order
dismantling techniques
durations
resource requirements
...
generation of
different
scenarios/modes
optimisationalgorithm
results
start and finish times
for dismantling
activities
resource profiles
costs for dismantling
and recycling
capacity of ressources
project makespan
recyclingplanning
recycling options
recycling techniques
quality of recycling
products
...
recycling quotas
objective function
sys_CIB_uk.ds4
data and information flow
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resource allocation
...
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Lyon 2005
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Working environment of Lifetime
Engineering
Ownership,
Ownership, Planning
Planning and
and Management
Management of
of Investments
Investments
Integrated
Integrated LifeLifeCycle
Cycle Design
Design
(ILCD)
(ILCD)
Life
Life Time
Time
Management
Management
systems
systems (LMS)
(LMS)
Data
Data for
for Lifetime
Lifetime Design
Design and
and
Management
Management
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Integration
Integration of
of
Design
and
Design and
Management
Management
Processes
Processes
Practices
Practices of
of
Design
Design and
and
Management
Management of
of
Buildings
Buildings and
and
Infrastructures
Infrastructures
Norms,
Norms, Standards
Standards and
and
Guidelines
Guidelines for
for Lifetime
Lifetime
Design,
Design, Management
Management and
and
Maintenance
Maintenance Planning
Planning
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Lyon 2005
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