Transcript Ch. 7 Altered States of Consciousness

Drugs: Engage Hyperlink:
http://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/addiction/drugs/abuse.html
 Agonists:
Mimic
Reuptake inhibitors
 Antagonists: Blocks
Reuptake inhibitors
 Psychological Dependence: develops when the person
has an intense desire to achieve the drugged state in
spite of adverse effects.
 Tolerance: decreasing response to a drug
 Physiological dependence or addiction develops when
changes in brain chemistry from taking the drug
necessitate taking the drug again to prevent withdrawal
symptoms.
 Withdrawal: stop taking the drug the body reacts with
intense craving for the drug.
 Psychoactive Drug: are chemicals that can pass
through the blood-brain barrier into the brain to
alter perception, thinking, behavior, and mood.
 They are classified into their main effects:
 Stimulant: Substance that increases activity in
body and nervous system
 Depressant: Substance that decreases activity in
body and nervous system
 Hallucinogen: Substance that alters or distorts
sensory perceptions
 Narcotics: or analgesics (pain reducers) which
work by depressing the CNS. Opiates, codeine,
heroin, opium, methadone.
http://www.learner.org/vod/vod_window.html?pid=782
 Psychoactive Drug: Substance capable of altering behavior
 Examples include tobacco, alcohol, cannabis, amphetamines,
ecstasy, cocaine, and heroine

Visit the following to see what psychoactive
drugs do in your brain:
http://wps.aw.com/bc_goodenough_boh_3/104/26721/6840688.cw/content/i
ndex.html
http://www.learner.org/vod/vod_window.html?pid=782

Speed up body processes.
 More powerful ones (like
cocaine) give people
feelings of invincibility.
 The most popular stimulants
are cocaine, amphetamines
such as methamphetamine,
Ritalin, ephedrine, ecstasy,
crack.
Stimulants
 Causes hand tremors,
sweating, talkativeness,
tinnitus, suppresses
fatigue or sleepiness,
increases alertness
 Caffeinism: Physiological
dependence on caffeine
 Withdrawal: Insomnia,
irritability, loss of
appetite, chills, racing
heart, elevated body
temperature
 Natural stimulant found
mainly in tobacco
 May cause stomach pain,
vomiting, diarrhea, confusion,
tremors
 Highly Addictive
 Responsible for 97% of lung
cancer deaths in men, 74% in
women

Slows down body processes.
 Alcohol
 Anxiolytics (barbiturates and
tranquilizers)
 More than 86 billion
dollars are spent
annually on alcoholic
beverages.
 Alcohol is involved in
60% of ALL crimes.
 Alcohol is involved in
over 70% of sexually
related crimes.
 Is it worth the cost?
Involved in up to 60% of all crimes.
Dawn Farm Education Series Oct 25,
2007
14
 Has depressive and
hallucinogenic qualities.
 Agonist for endorphins.
 Derived from poppy
plant.
BOMB
 Alter moods, distort
perceptions, and evoke
sensory images in the
absence of sensory
input.

Include, LSD, PCP,
Marijuana, Peyote
 LSD and the Brain
 http://www.5min.com/Video/The-Dangers-of-Smoking-Spice-433300995
 Though the name may sound harmless, bath salts are a
dangerous synthetic stimulant that carry the risk of
easy overdose, hallucinations and even death.

A synthetic, stimulant powder product that contains amphetamine-like
chemicals, including mephedrone, which may have a high risk for overdose
Don't Drink and Drive
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ymiF-okrdMg&feature=related
 Detoxification: Withdrawal of
the person from alcohol; occurs
in a medical setting and is tightly
controlled; often necessary
before long-term treatment
begins
 Alcoholics Anonymous (AA):
Worldwide self-help
organization composed of
recovering alcoholics;
emphasizes admitting
powerlessness over alcohol usage
and wanting to recover.
 I have meet many of you with parents or family
members that have problems with alcohol and
sometimes you feel like there is no one out there
to understand. This is not true. Al Anon is an
organization dedicated to the family members of
alcoholics and I recommend you visit the
following website to learn more about one in your
area.
 http://www.al-anon.alateen.org/
 In small quantities, alcohol can be
mistaken for a stimulant because it:
 A. Inhibits control of emotion
 B. stimulates the sympathetic nervous
system
 C. Speeds up respiration and
heartbeat
 D. Induces sleep
 E. Affects the cerebellum
 A: After drinking small amounts of alcohol, people are
often lively and seem uninhibited. This results from
inhibition of the part of the frontal lobes that usually
keep emotions in check.
 Of the following, which pair of psychoactive
drugs shares the most similar effects on the
brain?
 A. Alcohol-marijuana
 B. Caffeine-morphine
 C. Nicotine-heroine
 D. Amphetamines-cocaine
 E. Barbiturates-LSD
. Amphetamines and
cocaine are both classified as
stimulants
 D