Transcript Independent academic assessment

Academic assessment of the interference
potential of PLC
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Holger Hirsch
Energy transport and –storage
University of Duisburg-Essen
Prof. Dr. John E. Newbury
Power Communications Systems
The Open University, Manchester
The Open University Manchester, 351 Altincham Rd, Sharstron, Manchester M22 4 UN, United Kingdom, tel: +44 161 9987272 68157, email: [email protected]
University Duisburg-Essen, Energytransport and –sforage, Bismarckstr. 81, 47057 Duisburg, Germany, Tel: +49 203 379-3373, Fax -2833, email: [email protected]
The Open University
Manchester
Content
• Introduction
• Theoretical approach
• Radiation from phone line and mains using the
same modem
• Explanation of the similar measurement results
• Present electromagnetic environment
• Conclusions
The Open University Manchester, 351 Altincham Rd, Sharstron, Manchester M22 4 UN, United Kingdom, tel: +44 161 9987272 68157, email: [email protected]
University Duisburg-Essen, Energytransport and –sforage, Bismarckstr. 81, 47057 Duisburg, Germany, Tel: +49 203 379-3373, Fax -2833, email: [email protected]
The Open University
Manchester
University Duisburg-Essen, Energytransport and –sforage, Bismarckstr. 81, 47057 Duisburg, Germany, Tel: +49 203 379-3373, Fax -2833, email: [email protected]
The Open University
Manchester
The Open University Manchester, 351 Altincham Rd, Sharstron, Manchester M22 4 UN, United Kingdom, tel: +44 161 9987272 68157, email: [email protected]
Introduction
Electromagnetic Compatibility
Definition from the IEV:
Electromagnetic Compatibility EMC:
The ability of an equipment or system to function satisfactorily in ist electromagnetic environment
without introducing intolerable electromagnetic disturbances to anything in that environment.
EMC includes two aspects: emission and immunity !
Equipment or System
Electromagnetic Environment
Radio protection is just one part of EMC
The Open University Manchester, 351 Altincham Rd, Sharstron, Manchester M22 4 UN, United Kingdom, tel: +44 161 9987272 68157, email: [email protected]
University Duisburg-Essen, Energytransport and –sforage, Bismarckstr. 81, 47057 Duisburg, Germany, Tel: +49 203 379-3373, Fax -2833, email: [email protected]
The Open University
Manchester
EMC-Co-Ordination: Risk-Management !
Co-Ordination of emission and susceptibility requirements with the aim:
Disturbance-free operation of an electrical apparatus or system
Ideal Relation
Real Relation
Level
Level
Immunity Level
(Series Variations,
EMC Phenomena not considered )
Immunity Level
Immunity Limit
Compatibility Level
Compatibility Level
Emission Limit
Emission Level
Emission Level
100%
Cumulative probability
The Open University Manchester, 351 Altincham Rd, Sharstron, Manchester M22 4 UN, United Kingdom, tel: +44 161 9987272 68157, email: [email protected]
University Duisburg-Essen, Energytransport and –sforage, Bismarckstr. 81, 47057 Duisburg, Germany, Tel: +49 203 379-3373, Fax -2833, email: [email protected]
The Open University
Manchester
This academic
assessment of EMC
aspects
deals only with the
interference
concerns
EM-Phenomena
Immunity
PLC
Emission
Conducted:
Other Apparatus
Radiated:
Biological Effects
Radiated:
Other Apparatus
(Radio Services)
The Open University Manchester, 351 Altincham Rd, Sharstron, Manchester M22 4 UN, United Kingdom, tel: +44 161 9987272 68157, email: [email protected]
University Duisburg-Essen, Energytransport and –sforage, Bismarckstr. 81, 47057 Duisburg, Germany, Tel: +49 203 379-3373, Fax -2833, email: [email protected]
The Open University
Manchester
University Duisburg-Essen, Energytransport and –sforage, Bismarckstr. 81, 47057 Duisburg, Germany, Tel: +49 203 379-3373, Fax -2833, email: [email protected]
The Open University
Manchester
The Open University Manchester, 351 Altincham Rd, Sharstron, Manchester M22 4 UN, United Kingdom, tel: +44 161 9987272 68157, email: [email protected]
Theoretical approach
How to assess unwanted radiation within the current
EMC-environment?
HF power on wires
Radiation
How much radiation is
permissible ?
Limits derived from
most sensitive
radio receivers
Limits derived from
radiation of already
operating equipment
The Open University Manchester, 351 Altincham Rd, Sharstron, Manchester M22 4 UN, United Kingdom, tel: +44 161 9987272 68157, email: [email protected]
University Duisburg-Essen, Energytransport and –sforage, Bismarckstr. 81, 47057 Duisburg, Germany, Tel: +49 203 379-3373, Fax -2833, email: [email protected]
The Open University
Manchester
Characterisation of telecommunications signals
- Physical Properties: Symmetric Signal, fed with about –70..-50 dBm/Hz
Same as for xDSL
Ethernet: Higher Signal Level
- Frequency Domain: Broadband Signal
Same as for xDSL, Ethernet
and Other
- Time Domain:
Same for xDSL
Ethernet: Interface and at least
one n-channel Hub/Switch
1 Transmitter Active During Operation,
The Open University Manchester, 351 Altincham Rd, Sharstron, Manchester M22 4 UN, United Kingdom, tel: +44 161 9987272 68157, email: [email protected]
University Duisburg-Essen, Energytransport and –sforage, Bismarckstr. 81, 47057 Duisburg, Germany, Tel: +49 203 379-3373, Fax -2833, email: [email protected]
The Open University
Manchester
Within a Subnetwork only One Modem Active at a Time
xDSL: One modem per connection
- Probability of Usage: For Internet Access Mainly Used in the Evening
Same as for xDSL
Ethernet: Higher Probability
- Distribution:
Same as for xDSL, Ethernet
and Other
Due to Signal Attenuation in Dense Populated Areas
 With reference to radio services PLC signals have same or lower
disturbance potential than xDSL or Ethernet signals
Characterisation of networks used for
telecommunication
Two-wire-system
symmetrical mode
or
differential mode
I
I
asymmetrical mode
or
common mode
I
I
compensation of
field produced by
the two wires
The Open University Manchester, 351 Altincham Rd, Sharstron, Manchester M22 4 UN, United Kingdom, tel: +44 161 9987272 68157, email: [email protected]
University Duisburg-Essen, Energytransport and –sforage, Bismarckstr. 81, 47057 Duisburg, Germany, Tel: +49 203 379-3373, Fax -2833, email: [email protected]
The Open University
Manchester
no compensation of
field produced by
the two wires
Mains and telecom cables show
similar cable symmetry
Standard Mains Cable NYM
Standard Telephone Line J-YY
Although differential mode characteristic impedance of mains cables are not defined,
distance and twist allow good propagation for differential mode signals similar to
telecommunication cables.
While the energy flow of the differential mode is in the dielectric material, the energy flow
of the common mode is in the environment of the cable, e.g. the plaster.
For common mode signals the characteristic impedance and attenuation properties
differ not much between the cable types.
The Open University Manchester, 351 Altincham Rd, Sharstron, Manchester M22 4 UN, United Kingdom, tel: +44 161 9987272 68157, email: [email protected]
University Duisburg-Essen, Energytransport and –sforage, Bismarckstr. 81, 47057 Duisburg, Germany, Tel: +49 203 379-3373, Fax -2833, email: [email protected]
The Open University
Manchester
University Duisburg-Essen, Energytransport and –sforage, Bismarckstr. 81, 47057 Duisburg, Germany, Tel: +49 203 379-3373, Fax -2833, email: [email protected]
The Open University
Manchester
Fed sym.
signal
Point of local asymmetry
Radiation
The Open University Manchester, 351 Altincham Rd, Sharstron, Manchester M22 4 UN, United Kingdom, tel: +44 161 9987272 68157, email: [email protected]
Only unsymmetrical cause radiation for
symmetric driven lines
Telecom and mains network behaviour
are similar for common mode
Differential mode:
Ethernet: mostly point-to-point connections, well defined symmetry
ISDN: bus structure, branches possible, but well defined terminations
Analog phone line: branches and asymmetric connection points
possible
Mains: many branches, asymmetries due to switches
distributor
plug
luminary
switch
Common mode: no termination both for mains and TC
branches for mains
branches for TC, if more than one pair of the cable is used for different
apparatus or if an other cable is installed parallel to the TC cable
The Open University Manchester, 351 Altincham Rd, Sharstron, Manchester M22 4 UN, United Kingdom, tel: +44 161 9987272 68157, email: [email protected]
University Duisburg-Essen, Energytransport and –sforage, Bismarckstr. 81, 47057 Duisburg, Germany, Tel: +49 203 379-3373, Fax -2833, email: [email protected]
The Open University
Manchester
University Duisburg-Essen, Energytransport and –sforage, Bismarckstr. 81, 47057 Duisburg, Germany, Tel: +49 203 379-3373, Fax -2833, email: [email protected]
The Open University
Manchester
The Open University Manchester, 351 Altincham Rd, Sharstron, Manchester M22 4 UN, United Kingdom, tel: +44 161 9987272 68157, email: [email protected]
Radiation from phone line and mains
using the same modem
Radiation from broadband signals on phone line
and mains using the same modem
Modem under test:
OFDM-based with separate supply and communication connections allowing
connection to both power and phone lines, driven at a TC-line it would meet
requirements of Conformity assessment method 1 and method 2 for Cat-3 and
Cat-5 cabling according to EN 55022
Phone
Antenna
PC1
2
b
a
PC2
Test
Receiver
1
House
Communication
(1) via modem on power line
(2) via modem on phone line
Measurement locations
(a) inside the house
(b) 3m away from wall in the garden
The Open University Manchester, 351 Altincham Rd, Sharstron, Manchester M22 4 UN, United Kingdom, tel: +44 161 9987272 68157, email: [email protected]
University Duisburg-Essen, Energytransport and –sforage, Bismarckstr. 81, 47057 Duisburg, Germany, Tel: +49 203 379-3373, Fax -2833, email: [email protected]
The Open University
Manchester
Similar measurement results inside the building
Pegel [dBµV/m]
120
Disturbances from Electronic
Equipment (Switched Power Supply)
Shortwave Transmitters
100
80
60
40
20
150k
300k
500k
1M
2M
Frequenz [Hz]
3M 4M
6M
10M
30M
No modem active
PLC-modem at mains
PLC-modem at TC line
Measured with Loop Antenna, Peak-Detector, Bandwidth 9KHz, Measurement time: about 4 pm
The Open University Manchester, 351 Altincham Rd, Sharstron, Manchester M22 4 UN, United Kingdom, tel: +44 161 9987272 68157, email: [email protected]
University Duisburg-Essen, Energytransport and –sforage, Bismarckstr. 81, 47057 Duisburg, Germany, Tel: +49 203 379-3373, Fax -2833, email: [email protected]
The Open University
Manchester
Equal measurement results outside the building
Pegel [dBµV/m]
120
Medium wave Transmitters
Shortwave Transmitters
100
80
60
40
20
150k
300k
500k
1M
2M
3M 4M
6M
10M
30M
Frequenz [Hz]
No modem active
PLC-modem at mains
PLC-modem at TC line
Measured with Loop Antenna, Peak-Detector, Bandwidth 9KHz, Measurement time: about 6 pm, 3m distance
The Open University Manchester, 351 Altincham Rd, Sharstron, Manchester M22 4 UN, United Kingdom, tel: +44 161 9987272 68157, email: [email protected]
University Duisburg-Essen, Energytransport and –sforage, Bismarckstr. 81, 47057 Duisburg, Germany, Tel: +49 203 379-3373, Fax -2833, email: [email protected]
The Open University
Manchester
Measurement with VDSL-Modem inside the
Pegel [dBµV/m]
building
120
Disturbances from Electronic
Equipment (Switched Power Supply)
Shortwave Transmitters
100
80
60
40
20
150k
300k
500k
1M
2M
Frequenz [Hz]
3M
4M
6M
10M
PLC at mains
No modem active (other day)
No modem active
Measured with Loop Antenna, Peak-Detector, Bandwidth 9KHz,
PLC: Measurement time: about 4 pm, VDSL: Measurement time: about 7 pm
30M
VDSL at phone line
The Open University Manchester, 351 Altincham Rd, Sharstron, Manchester M22 4 UN, United Kingdom, tel: +44 161 9987272 68157, email: [email protected]
University Duisburg-Essen, Energytransport and –sforage, Bismarckstr. 81, 47057 Duisburg, Germany, Tel: +49 203 379-3373, Fax -2833, email: [email protected]
The Open University
Manchester
Measurement with VDSL-Modem outside the
building
Pegel [dBµV/m]
120
100
80
60
40
20
150k
No modem
300k
500k
PLC at mains
1M
2M
Frequenz [Hz]
3M
4M
No modem (other day)
6M
10M
30M
VDSL at phone line
Measured with Loop Antenna, Peak-Detector, Bandwidth 9KHz, Measurement time: about 6 pm, 3m distance
The Open University Manchester, 351 Altincham Rd, Sharstron, Manchester M22 4 UN, United Kingdom, tel: +44 161 9987272 68157, email: [email protected]
University Duisburg-Essen, Energytransport and –sforage, Bismarckstr. 81, 47057 Duisburg, Germany, Tel: +49 203 379-3373, Fax -2833, email: [email protected]
The Open University
Manchester
University Duisburg-Essen, Energytransport and –sforage, Bismarckstr. 81, 47057 Duisburg, Germany, Tel: +49 203 379-3373, Fax -2833, email: [email protected]
The Open University
Manchester
The Open University Manchester, 351 Altincham Rd, Sharstron, Manchester M22 4 UN, United Kingdom, tel: +44 161 9987272 68157, email: [email protected]
Explanation of the similar
measurement results
University Duisburg-Essen, Energytransport and –sforage, Bismarckstr. 81, 47057 Duisburg, Germany, Tel: +49 203 379-3373, Fax -2833, email: [email protected]
The Open University
Manchester
Very low
attenuation for
CM-signals
(less than 10dB!)
The Open University Manchester, 351 Altincham Rd, Sharstron, Manchester M22 4 UN, United Kingdom, tel: +44 161 9987272 68157, email: [email protected]
Justification of same conducted limits:
Similar disturbance modells for all kind of ITE
Relation between Field Strength and Conducted
Emissions (1)
Back to the roots:
Base for the limits for conducted emissions from TC-equipment was a disturbance field strength of
E=35 dB(µV/m) @ 10m for Class B, Average-Detektor (QP-Detektor: 10dB more)
Interference model made use of an external antenna
See: Amemiya, Kuwabara, Ideguchi: Estimation of Electromagnetic Interference Field Emitted from
Telecommunications Lines, IEICE Trans. Commun. Vol E78-B, No. 2, Feb. 1995
With that the coupling factor for TC-lines and for frequencies above 0.5MHz is:
C = 35 dB(µV/m) - 64 dB(µV) = -29 dB(1/m) (measurement distance 10m)
Consequently the conducted limits in the harmonised product standard (EN 55022) can
not fit to the limits for disturbance field strength as proposed in NB30
(see also CISPR/G/WG1(TF xDSL)2000-10)
Fulfilling NB30 limits on product level means reduction of TC-limits by around
28dB (@ 30MHz) and 15 dB (@ 1MHz)
The Open University Manchester, 351 Altincham Rd, Sharstron, Manchester M22 4 UN, United Kingdom, tel: +44 161 9987272 68157, email: [email protected]
University Duisburg-Essen, Energytransport and –sforage, Bismarckstr. 81, 47057 Duisburg, Germany, Tel: +49 203 379-3373, Fax -2833, email: [email protected]
The Open University
Manchester
Relation between Field Strength and Conducted
Emissions (2)
Back to the roots:
Old German standard for „Radio interference suppression of telecommunication systems and apparatus;
General specification“ (VDE 0878 Part 1, December 1986) defines field strength limits of
34 dB(µV/m) @ 30m, Average Detector (Class B)
or for a „simplified“ method with 3m measurement distance
around NB 30 + 10dB Average Detector (Class B)
With a limit for disturbance voltage (Class B, symmetric driven TC-line, average, installations) of
76 dB(µV) @ 1.6-30 MHz
the coupling factor is given by:
C = 44 dB(µV/m) - 76 dB(µV) = -32 dB(1/m) (field strength recalculated to 10m distance)
This coupling factor is in line with the coupling factor of the CISPR-derivation !
The Open University Manchester, 351 Altincham Rd, Sharstron, Manchester M22 4 UN, United Kingdom, tel: +44 161 9987272 68157, email: [email protected]
University Duisburg-Essen, Energytransport and –sforage, Bismarckstr. 81, 47057 Duisburg, Germany, Tel: +49 203 379-3373, Fax -2833, email: [email protected]
The Open University
Manchester
University Duisburg-Essen, Energytransport and –sforage, Bismarckstr. 81, 47057 Duisburg, Germany, Tel: +49 203 379-3373, Fax -2833, email: [email protected]
The Open University
Manchester
The Open University Manchester, 351 Altincham Rd, Sharstron, Manchester M22 4 UN, United Kingdom, tel: +44 161 9987272 68157, email: [email protected]
Present electromagnetic
environment
Typical Disturbances from Computer-Networks
NB 30
NB 30
Emission measured with MV05-method inside a building of the University of Dortmund.
About 200 PCs and workstations are in operation in this building. Network: Ethernet with
Cat 5-Cabling.
The Open University Manchester, 351 Altincham Rd, Sharstron, Manchester M22 4 UN, United Kingdom, tel: +44 161 9987272 68157, email: [email protected]
University Duisburg-Essen, Energytransport and –sforage, Bismarckstr. 81, 47057 Duisburg, Germany, Tel: +49 203 379-3373, Fax -2833, email: [email protected]
The Open University
Manchester
Noise Level of Measuring Equipment (1m)
L im ite s à 1m
50
40
C ha mp H (d BµA/m)
30
20
M PT 1 57 0
C SE C l a s s e B
10
0
N B3 0
-10
-20
No r w a y p r o p o s a l
-30
-40
BB C p r o p o s a l
-50
0 ,0 1
0,1
1
F r é q u e n c e (M H z )
Source: ANNEX 6 to CEPT ECC REPORT 24 „PLT, DSL, CABLE COMMUNICATIONS
(INCLUDING CABLE TV), LANS AND THEIR EFFECT ON RADIO SERVICES, Figure 3
10
1 00
The Open University Manchester, 351 Altincham Rd, Sharstron, Manchester M22 4 UN, United Kingdom, tel: +44 161 9987272 68157, email: [email protected]
University Duisburg-Essen, Energytransport and –sforage, Bismarckstr. 81, 47057 Duisburg, Germany, Tel: +49 203 379-3373, Fax -2833, email: [email protected]
The Open University
Manchester
Noise Level of Measuring Equipment (3m)
L im it es à 3 m
40
30
F C C Pa r t 15
20
Champ H (dBµA/m)
10
C SE C la s s e B
0
M P T 1 5 70
- 10
NB 30
- 20
- 30
- 40
No r w a y p r o p o s a l
- 50
B BC p r o p o s al
- 60
0 ,0 1
0 ,1
1
F r é q u e n c e ( M H z)
Source: ANNEX 6 to CEPT ECC REPORT 24 „PLT, DSL, CABLE COMMUNICATIONS
(INCLUDING CABLE TV), LANS AND THEIR EFFECT ON RADIO SERVICES, Figure 4
10
10 0
The Open University Manchester, 351 Altincham Rd, Sharstron, Manchester M22 4 UN, United Kingdom, tel: +44 161 9987272 68157, email: [email protected]
University Duisburg-Essen, Energytransport and –sforage, Bismarckstr. 81, 47057 Duisburg, Germany, Tel: +49 203 379-3373, Fax -2833, email: [email protected]
The Open University
Manchester
Radio Environment (3m)
60
Champ H (dBµA/m)
40
FC C
20
MPT 1570
CSE C las s e B
0
NB30
-20
No rw ay p ro p os al
-40
BBC p ro p os al
fréquence (MHz )
Source: ANNEX 6 to CEPT ECC REPORT 24 „PLT, DSL, CABLE COMMUNICATIONS
(INCLUDING CABLE TV), LANS AND THEIR EFFECT ON RADIO SERVICES, Figure 5
100
10
1
0,1
0,01
-60
The Open University Manchester, 351 Altincham Rd, Sharstron, Manchester M22 4 UN, United Kingdom, tel: +44 161 9987272 68157, email: [email protected]
University Duisburg-Essen, Energytransport and –sforage, Bismarckstr. 81, 47057 Duisburg, Germany, Tel: +49 203 379-3373, Fax -2833, email: [email protected]
The Open University
Manchester
Typical Emissions from Tram Systems
Measured in a distance of 10 m from middle of track as given by the railway EMC-standard
100
E in
dB(µV/m)
90
80
70
60
50
NB30
40
30
20
0,1
1
10
f in MHz
100
The Open University Manchester, 351 Altincham Rd, Sharstron, Manchester M22 4 UN, United Kingdom, tel: +44 161 9987272 68157, email: [email protected]
University Duisburg-Essen, Energytransport and –sforage, Bismarckstr. 81, 47057 Duisburg, Germany, Tel: +49 203 379-3373, Fax -2833, email: [email protected]
The Open University
Manchester
Magnetic field from a TV set
in an anechoic chamber at 3 meters
Source: ANNEX 6 to CEPT ECC REPORT 24 „PLT, DSL, CABLE COMMUNICATIONS
(INCLUDING CABLE TV), LANS AND THEIR EFFECT ON RADIO SERVICES, Figure 9
The Open University Manchester, 351 Altincham Rd, Sharstron, Manchester M22 4 UN, United Kingdom, tel: +44 161 9987272 68157, email: [email protected]
University Duisburg-Essen, Energytransport and –sforage, Bismarckstr. 81, 47057 Duisburg, Germany, Tel: +49 203 379-3373, Fax -2833, email: [email protected]
The Open University
Manchester
Measured field from a grinding machine at 3 meters in an
anechoic chamber
Source: ANNEX 6 to CEPT ECC REPORT 24 „PLT, DSL, CABLE COMMUNICATIONS
(INCLUDING CABLE TV), LANS AND THEIR EFFECT ON RADIO SERVICES, Figure 13
The Open University Manchester, 351 Altincham Rd, Sharstron, Manchester M22 4 UN, United Kingdom, tel: +44 161 9987272 68157, email: [email protected]
University Duisburg-Essen, Energytransport and –sforage, Bismarckstr. 81, 47057 Duisburg, Germany, Tel: +49 203 379-3373, Fax -2833, email: [email protected]
The Open University
Manchester
Limits according to some
standards
140
8
120
E(3m) / dB(µV/m)
100
7b
1
80
7a
2
60
99
40
4
3
6
1: EN55011, Gr.2, Kl. A
2: EN55011, Gr.2, Kl. B
3: EN55022, Kl. B
4: EN55022, Kl. A
5: NB 30
6: MPT 1570
7a: prEN50121,train 600V
7b: prEN50121,train 25kV
8: prEN50121, substation
9: FCC Rules part 15
„Carrier current systems“
5
20
0
0.01
0.1
1
10
100
f / MHz
1000 10000
The Open University Manchester, 351 Altincham Rd, Sharstron, Manchester M22 4 UN, United Kingdom, tel: +44 161 9987272 68157, email: [email protected]
University Duisburg-Essen, Energytransport and –sforage, Bismarckstr. 81, 47057 Duisburg, Germany, Tel: +49 203 379-3373, Fax -2833, email: [email protected]
The Open University
Manchester
Limits recalculated to
3m measurement distance,
if necessary
University Duisburg-Essen, Energytransport and –sforage, Bismarckstr. 81, 47057 Duisburg, Germany, Tel: +49 203 379-3373, Fax -2833, email: [email protected]
The Open University
Manchester
The Open University Manchester, 351 Altincham Rd, Sharstron, Manchester M22 4 UN, United Kingdom, tel: +44 161 9987272 68157, email: [email protected]
Conclusions
All Concerned Parties must be included in the
Process for the Definition of Compatibility Level
Increase of compatibility level means
- smaller coverage area
- higher transmitter power
- use of digital technology working at lower SNR
for radio systems, which
-> produces costs
Costs for the society
Total costs
Costs for
TC-systems
based on lines
and other
products
Decrease of the compatibility level means
- higher repeater density
- use of digital technology working at lower SNR
for transmission line based TC-equipment, which
-> produces costs
Decrease of the compatibility level means
-higher effort for filter
for other equipment, which
-> produces costs
Best compromise
The Open University Manchester, 351 Altincham Rd, Sharstron, Manchester M22 4 UN, United Kingdom, tel: +44 161 9987272 68157, email: [email protected]
University Duisburg-Essen, Energytransport and –sforage, Bismarckstr. 81, 47057 Duisburg, Germany, Tel: +49 203 379-3373, Fax -2833, email: [email protected]
The Open University
Manchester
Costs for radio systems working in the
relevant frequency range
Compatibility level
Coexistence between Radio and PLC is possible
•Theoretical and practical approaches show that the radiation characteristics of
telecommunications and mains networks are quite similar
•We tried to find explanations for this unforeseen phenomena
–Similar common mode characteristics of the wiring
–Existing coupling between telecommunications and mains networks due to modern devices
•Comparison with other TC-equipment, usual household gear and the general
noise floor show that PLC fits into the present EM-environment
•Compatibility level and limits must be found in a way that
–offers equal opportunities for all technologies against minimum costs for the society
–similar technologies must be subjected to the same requirements and regulatory treatment
–measurement can be carried out with commonly available measurement equipment
•Field strength limit of 55dB(µV/m) at 3m as proposed in ETSI/CENELEC JWG
questionaire (option 2,QP) fits to present disturbance voltage limits for
TC-equipment (in EN55022)
The Open University Manchester, 351 Altincham Rd, Sharstron, Manchester M22 4 UN, United Kingdom, tel: +44 161 9987272 68157, email: [email protected]
University Duisburg-Essen, Energytransport and –sforage, Bismarckstr. 81, 47057 Duisburg, Germany, Tel: +49 203 379-3373, Fax -2833, email: [email protected]
The Open University
Manchester
Results of PUA Measurements
• 80% of the measured values are below 55dBµV/m (for
both indoor and outdoor measurement points)
• 94% of the measured outdoor values are below the JWG
CENELEC/ETSI currently proposed limit (55 dBµV/m)
• 60% of the outdoor measurements are lower than the
surrounding noise
The Open University Manchester, 351 Altincham Rd, Sharstron, Manchester M22 4 UN, United Kingdom, tel: +44 161 9987272 68157, email: [email protected]
University Duisburg-Essen, Energytransport and –sforage, Bismarckstr. 81, 47057 Duisburg, Germany, Tel: +49 203 379-3373, Fax -2833, email: [email protected]
The Open University
Manchester
Proposal for Limits
140
E(3m) / dB(µV/m)
120
100
80
55dB (option 2)
60
40
NB 30 (option 3)
20
0
0.01
0.1
1
10
100
f / MHz
1000 10000
Notches possible in case of crisis situations
Protection requirements for immunity should also be applied on radio equipment on ports not
intended for signal transmission
The Open University Manchester, 351 Altincham Rd, Sharstron, Manchester M22 4 UN, United Kingdom, tel: +44 161 9987272 68157, email: [email protected]
University Duisburg-Essen, Energytransport and –sforage, Bismarckstr. 81, 47057 Duisburg, Germany, Tel: +49 203 379-3373, Fax -2833, email: [email protected]
The Open University
Manchester
RA Summary on measurements presented by RA
Summary
These measurements represent an initial survey into the impact of PLT systems. Whilst it
is too early to draw firm conclusions, it is clear that the emission levels are high
compared to the services using the frequency bands, however the trial has been in
operation for a year, but to date there has not been any complaints of interference.
It is hoped to perform further measurements in the near future.
Peter J Kerry
Radiocommunications Agency
03 September 2003
The Open University Manchester, 351 Altincham Rd, Sharstron, Manchester M22 4 UN, United Kingdom, tel: +44 161 9987272 68157, email: [email protected]
University Duisburg-Essen, Energytransport and –sforage, Bismarckstr. 81, 47057 Duisburg, Germany, Tel: +49 203 379-3373, Fax -2833, email: [email protected]
The Open University
Manchester
Flexibility of Synchronous Orthogonal
frequency Division multiplexing
This is a variation of OFDM and has the following advantages in case of need for
immediate interference resolution:
•Very flexible bandwidth:SOFDM has the ability to fill in the
available spaces in the fragmented spectrum in small bandwidth
chunks
Online adaptation may help resolve immediate interference
problems in critical situations
•Narrow bandwidth sub-carriers can be much closer
•the transmit power is set independently on each sub-carrier
to not exceed the emission requirements at all frequencies
•the data rate is set independently for each sub-carrier(bits/Hz)
based on the SNR at that frequency
The Open University Manchester, 351 Altincham Rd, Sharstron, Manchester M22 4 UN, United Kingdom, tel: +44 161 9987272 68157, email: [email protected]
University Duisburg-Essen, Energytransport and –sforage, Bismarckstr. 81, 47057 Duisburg, Germany, Tel: +49 203 379-3373, Fax -2833, email: [email protected]
The Open University
Manchester
Current Investigations
•Relationship of Radiated emission from wired TC-networks with
respect to distance
•Injected Signal power and correlation to differential mode and
common mode signal
•Radiated emission and cable type
for both PLC and other wired TC-networks
The Open University Manchester, 351 Altincham Rd, Sharstron, Manchester M22 4 UN, United Kingdom, tel: +44 161 9987272 68157, email: [email protected]
University Duisburg-Essen, Energytransport and –sforage, Bismarckstr. 81, 47057 Duisburg, Germany, Tel: +49 203 379-3373, Fax -2833, email: [email protected]
The Open University
Manchester
University Duisburg-Essen, Energytransport and –sforage, Bismarckstr. 81, 47057 Duisburg, Germany, Tel: +49 203 379-3373, Fax -2833, email: [email protected]
The Open University
Manchester
The Open University Manchester, 351 Altincham Rd, Sharstron, Manchester M22 4 UN, United Kingdom, tel: +44 161 9987272 68157, email: [email protected]
Additional Information
University Duisburg-Essen, Energytransport and –sforage, Bismarckstr. 81, 47057 Duisburg, Germany, Tel: +49 203 379-3373, Fax -2833, email: [email protected]
The Open University
Manchester
The Open University Manchester, 351 Altincham Rd, Sharstron, Manchester M22 4 UN, United Kingdom, tel: +44 161 9987272 68157, email: [email protected]
PLC networks
Mains network topology
Medium
voltage
network
DPL Cell
Low voltage network
Secondary
Substation
Transformer
To High
voltage
network
Primary
Substation
Transformer
50 single phase services off
each distributor
= Data terminal
250 m
The Open University Manchester, 351 Altincham Rd, Sharstron, Manchester M22 4 UN, United Kingdom, tel: +44 161 9987272 68157, email: [email protected]
University Duisburg-Essen, Energytransport and –sforage, Bismarckstr. 81, 47057 Duisburg, Germany, Tel: +49 203 379-3373, Fax -2833, email: [email protected]
The Open University
Manchester
University Duisburg-Essen, Energytransport and –sforage, Bismarckstr. 81, 47057 Duisburg, Germany, Tel: +49 203 379-3373, Fax -2833, email: [email protected]
• Underground & overhead distribution
Armoured Cable
• Armoured cable
• Conditioning units (CU) may be used
Conditioning Unit (CU)
Network
MV
network
LV network
CU
SUBSTATION
Data
network
Internal
mains
network
LV network
CU
Data port
The Open University Manchester, 351 Altincham Rd, Sharstron, Manchester M22 4 UN, United Kingdom, tel: +44 161 9987272 68157, email: [email protected]
Physical structure
of LV network
The Open University
Manchester
PLC Generic Model
High
Voltage
Xmission
Equipment
pt to multi-pt
CPE
Phone(s)
pt to pt
Fibre
Network
PC
Internet
Medium Voltage Grid
(“Last Mile”)
Low Voltage
(“Last 100m”)
* CPE - Customer Premise Equipment
In-Premise
(“Last Inch”)
The Open University Manchester, 351 Altincham Rd, Sharstron, Manchester M22 4 UN, United Kingdom, tel: +44 161 9987272 68157, email: [email protected]
University Duisburg-Essen, Energytransport and –sforage, Bismarckstr. 81, 47057 Duisburg, Germany, Tel: +49 203 379-3373, Fax -2833, email: [email protected]
The Open University
Manchester
PLC Model
Medium voltage
transformer
High
voltage
Low voltage
transformer
Medium voltage
In-House
Low
voltage
Bus
structure
Connection with
telecommunications
network
Shared - medium
Data rates:
about 2 Mbps
Point to Point
Data rates:
1- 3 Mbps
and more
Backhaul
Local Loop
Demonstrations of products
with data rates up to 25
Mbps
Home Networking
The Open University Manchester, 351 Altincham Rd, Sharstron, Manchester M22 4 UN, United Kingdom, tel: +44 161 9987272 68157, email: [email protected]
University Duisburg-Essen, Energytransport and –sforage, Bismarckstr. 81, 47057 Duisburg, Germany, Tel: +49 203 379-3373, Fax -2833, email: [email protected]
The Open University
Manchester
Access Band Communications
•Communication between Sub-station and Customers
•Distances involve 50 metres to 250metres according to Urban or
Rural location
•Urban Customers number 50 to 250
•Rural Customers number  1 to 20
•Subject to varying noise levels
•Frequency range 1MHz to 10MHz
The Open University Manchester, 351 Altincham Rd, Sharstron, Manchester M22 4 UN, United Kingdom, tel: +44 161 9987272 68157, email: [email protected]
University Duisburg-Essen, Energytransport and –sforage, Bismarckstr. 81, 47057 Duisburg, Germany, Tel: +49 203 379-3373, Fax -2833, email: [email protected]
The Open University
Manchester
In-House Communications
•Limited to inside buildings of all types;
•Industrial
•Commercial
•Residential
•Different electrical structures: single and 3 phase
•wide range of services
•Frequency range 10 to 30MHz
The Open University Manchester, 351 Altincham Rd, Sharstron, Manchester M22 4 UN, United Kingdom, tel: +44 161 9987272 68157, email: [email protected]
University Duisburg-Essen, Energytransport and –sforage, Bismarckstr. 81, 47057 Duisburg, Germany, Tel: +49 203 379-3373, Fax -2833, email: [email protected]
The Open University
Manchester
Maximum Capacity of the network
Dependent on the following electrical and
communication parameters of the network
•Communication channel bandwidth
•noise level
•signal level
•Robustness of the modulation system
•Shannon’s law
The Open University Manchester, 351 Altincham Rd, Sharstron, Manchester M22 4 UN, United Kingdom, tel: +44 161 9987272 68157, email: [email protected]
University Duisburg-Essen, Energytransport and –sforage, Bismarckstr. 81, 47057 Duisburg, Germany, Tel: +49 203 379-3373, Fax -2833, email: [email protected]
The Open University
Manchester
Power, Bandwidth and Reach
Lower emissions from lower
power:
–reach and/or bandwidth are
reduced or
–costs increase through need to use
repeaters
–must achieve REASONABLE
standards for levels and
measurement
The Open University Manchester, 351 Altincham Rd, Sharstron, Manchester M22 4 UN, United Kingdom, tel: +44 161 9987272 68157, email: [email protected]
University Duisburg-Essen, Energytransport and –sforage, Bismarckstr. 81, 47057 Duisburg, Germany, Tel: +49 203 379-3373, Fax -2833, email: [email protected]
The Open University
Manchester
Prime Source of Noise at H.F.
Ingress noise arising due to H.F.broadcast stations reception by the
power network behaving as an antenna:
•This is dependent on the number of users
•the average noise level varies as the square of the wavelength
•hence there is more noise in the LF band
•Noise level will increase at night on average by 20dB
The Open University Manchester, 351 Altincham Rd, Sharstron, Manchester M22 4 UN, United Kingdom, tel: +44 161 9987272 68157, email: [email protected]
University Duisburg-Essen, Energytransport and –sforage, Bismarckstr. 81, 47057 Duisburg, Germany, Tel: +49 203 379-3373, Fax -2833, email: [email protected]
The Open University
Manchester
University Duisburg-Essen, Energytransport and –sforage, Bismarckstr. 81, 47057 Duisburg, Germany, Tel: +49 203 379-3373, Fax -2833, email: [email protected]
The Open University
Manchester
The Open University Manchester, 351 Altincham Rd, Sharstron, Manchester M22 4 UN, United Kingdom, tel: +44 161 9987272 68157, email: [email protected]
Immunity of PLC
Immunity of PLC
Requirements defined in harmonised product standard EN 55024 (CISPR-24):
- Electrostatic discharge (ESD) immunity test acc. EN 61000-4-2
(4 kV contact discharge, 8 kV air discharge)
- Radiated, radio-frequency, electromagnetic field immunity test acc. EN 61000-4-3
(80-1000MHz, 3V/m, amplitude modulated 80% 1kHz)
- Electrical fast transient/burst immunity test acc. EN 61000-4-4
(1kV, impulse times 5ns/50ns, 5kHz repetition frequency)
- Surge immunity test acc. EN 61000-4-5
(1kV between conductors, 2kV between conductor and earth,
impulse times 1.2µs/50µs)
- Immunity to conducted disturbances, induced by radio-frequency fields acc. EN 61000-4-6
(150kHz-80MHz, 3V (EMK), amplitude modulated 80% 1kHz)
- Voltage dips, short interruptions and voltage variations immunity test acc. EN 61000-4-11
As far as no exception is defined by the manufacturer in the product documentation the customer can
assume that all requirements are fulfilled by the product.
Back
The Open University Manchester, 351 Altincham Rd, Sharstron, Manchester M22 4 UN, United Kingdom, tel: +44 161 9987272 68157, email: [email protected]
University Duisburg-Essen, Energytransport and –sforage, Bismarckstr. 81, 47057 Duisburg, Germany, Tel: +49 203 379-3373, Fax -2833, email: [email protected]
The Open University
Manchester
University Duisburg-Essen, Energytransport and –sforage, Bismarckstr. 81, 47057 Duisburg, Germany, Tel: +49 203 379-3373, Fax -2833, email: [email protected]
The Open University
Manchester
The Open University Manchester, 351 Altincham Rd, Sharstron, Manchester M22 4 UN, United Kingdom, tel: +44 161 9987272 68157, email: [email protected]
Conducted EMC
University Duisburg-Essen, Energytransport and –sforage, Bismarckstr. 81, 47057 Duisburg, Germany, Tel: +49 203 379-3373, Fax -2833, email: [email protected]
Mains
1,6-30MHz
 -60..-50 dbm/Hz
Special treatment of
broadband sources is
under investigation
e.g. for CDMA based
mobile radio systems !
 -30..-20 dbm
@ 1kHz bandwidth (according to
1kHz modulation of
susceptibility test)
0.01V.. 0.04V @ 150 symmetrical
less in the asymmetric mode
Immunity requirements acc. to
IEC 61000-4-6 and generic standards:
0.15 - 80 MHz
residential: 1.5 V ( 3V EMF)
industrial: 5 V (10V EMF)
Conducted emissions caused by PLC are by far below the standard
limits.
 Other devices will not be disturbed by conducted emissions
caused by PLC!
Back
The Open University Manchester, 351 Altincham Rd, Sharstron, Manchester M22 4 UN, United Kingdom, tel: +44 161 9987272 68157, email: [email protected]
Conducted EMC
The Open University
Manchester
University Duisburg-Essen, Energytransport and –sforage, Bismarckstr. 81, 47057 Duisburg, Germany, Tel: +49 203 379-3373, Fax -2833, email: [email protected]
The Open University
Manchester
The Open University Manchester, 351 Altincham Rd, Sharstron, Manchester M22 4 UN, United Kingdom, tel: +44 161 9987272 68157, email: [email protected]
Biological Effects
Biological effects
Germany: Regulation in the 26. BImSchV covers noise, air pollution, etc.
100
Limits for human exposure
German law (26. BImSchV)
10
Limits for human exposure
ICNIRP Guidelines
equivalent to:
Recommendation
1999/519/EC
E / V/m
1
0.1
PLC
0.01
Typical radiation by wires
(e.g. DSL, PLC, LAN)
0.001
0.0001
1e-005
0.01
The Open University Manchester, 351 Altincham Rd, Sharstron, Manchester M22 4 UN, United Kingdom, tel: +44 161 9987272 68157, email: [email protected]
University Duisburg-Essen, Energytransport and –sforage, Bismarckstr. 81, 47057 Duisburg, Germany, Tel: +49 203 379-3373, Fax -2833, email: [email protected]
The Open University
Manchester
0.1
1
10
f / MHz
100
1000
ICNIRP: International commission
on non-ionizing radiation
protection
Radiation by PLC is by factor 1.000.000 lower than the limits.
 Biological effects are improbable.
Back
University Duisburg-Essen, Energytransport and –sforage, Bismarckstr. 81, 47057 Duisburg, Germany, Tel: +49 203 379-3373, Fax -2833, email: [email protected]
The Open University
Manchester
The Open University Manchester, 351 Altincham Rd, Sharstron, Manchester M22 4 UN, United Kingdom, tel: +44 161 9987272 68157, email: [email protected]
Same Requirements for PLC and other wired
TC-networks
Coupling in and at a Radio Receiver
Classical Receiver
RFCircuit
Merging of PC and Receiver
Antenna
Terminal
Multimedia-PC
Modemcard
Analog Circuit and
Control Interfaces
Ethernetcard
Power
Supply
Coupling from mains to
antenna terminal can be
neglected, if external
antenna is used!
Connection to
Mains
SAT/TV/Radio
Receivercard
Power
Supply
Connection to
Mains
ISDN, xDSL
Phone line
STP or UTP
Ethernet cable
Antenna
Terminal
PLC modem
card
No reasons for different
limits regarding asymmetric
voltages!
Back
The Open University Manchester, 351 Altincham Rd, Sharstron, Manchester M22 4 UN, United Kingdom, tel: +44 161 9987272 68157, email: [email protected]
University Duisburg-Essen, Energytransport and –sforage, Bismarckstr. 81, 47057 Duisburg, Germany, Tel: +49 203 379-3373, Fax -2833, email: [email protected]
The Open University
Manchester
TC- to Mains-port decoupling
is too low and unstable
0
Modem 1
TC - AC mains
TC - DC connector
TC - RS232-shield
Modem 3
TC - USB-port
Coupling / dB
Modem 2
TC - AC mains
TC - DC connector
TC - RS232-shield
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
Phone with answering machine
-60
TC - AC mains
5
10
15
20
25
f / MHz
Higher frequencies: only a few db attenuation between TC and shield of
data cable
30
The Open University Manchester, 351 Altincham Rd, Sharstron, Manchester M22 4 UN, United Kingdom, tel: +44 161 9987272 68157, email: [email protected]
University Duisburg-Essen, Energytransport and –sforage, Bismarckstr. 81, 47057 Duisburg, Germany, Tel: +49 203 379-3373, Fax -2833, email: [email protected]
The Open University
Manchester
dB
20
40
15
30
H(EN)/H(TK)
10
H(EN)/H(TK)
University Duisburg-Essen, Energytransport and –sforage, Bismarckstr. 81, 47057 Duisburg, Germany, Tel: +49 203 379-3373, Fax -2833, email: [email protected]
A common mode signal is fed into power lines resp. a TC-line. The figures show the
quotients of radiation from energy net to radiation from TC-lines.
5
0
-5
-10
20
10
0
-15
-10
-20
-25
0
1
10
0
10
1
10
f [MHz]
10
f [MHz]
Measurement in 3m distance to the building
Measurement inside the building
The Open University Manchester, 351 Altincham Rd, Sharstron, Manchester M22 4 UN, United Kingdom, tel: +44 161 9987272 68157, email: [email protected]
The Open University
Manchester
Radiation levels of mains and telecommunications
are quite the same
University Duisburg-Essen, Energytransport and –sforage, Bismarckstr. 81, 47057 Duisburg, Germany, Tel: +49 203 379-3373, Fax -2833, email: [email protected]
The Open University
Manchester
The Open University Manchester, 351 Altincham Rd, Sharstron, Manchester M22 4 UN, United Kingdom, tel: +44 161 9987272 68157, email: [email protected]
Standards and Measurement Conditions
University Duisburg-Essen, Energytransport and –sforage, Bismarckstr. 81, 47057 Duisburg, Germany, Tel: +49 203 379-3373, Fax -2833, email: [email protected]
•CISPR22 (CISPR/I)
•MPT1570 from UK to cover ADSL
•NB30 from Germany : not an EEC or International
Standard, withdrawn June 2002 BUT maintained as an
Enforcement Standard
• European Mandate M313
•FCC15
•CENELEC EN50083-8 cable TV networks
The Open University Manchester, 351 Altincham Rd, Sharstron, Manchester M22 4 UN, United Kingdom, tel: +44 161 9987272 68157, email: [email protected]
Emission Standards
The Open University
Manchester
Regulation
• Commercially and technically proven
• Able to deploy under EMC Directive, but still regulatory issues for
future
– emission vs performance vs cost
– level of emissions permitted
• Certainty needed for investment
– by customers
– by utilities
– by manufacturers
The Open University Manchester, 351 Altincham Rd, Sharstron, Manchester M22 4 UN, United Kingdom, tel: +44 161 9987272 68157, email: [email protected]
University Duisburg-Essen, Energytransport and –sforage, Bismarckstr. 81, 47057 Duisburg, Germany, Tel: +49 203 379-3373, Fax -2833, email: [email protected]
The Open University
Manchester
Emission Level
University Duisburg-Essen, Energytransport and –sforage, Bismarckstr. 81, 47057 Duisburg, Germany, Tel: +49 203 379-3373, Fax -2833, email: [email protected]
The Open University
Manchester
FCC/USA
Ethernet Levels
RegTP/D
Typical PLC Emission Levels
1.6
30
Frequ ency (MHz)
The Open University Manchester, 351 Altincham Rd, Sharstron, Manchester M22 4 UN, United Kingdom, tel: +44 161 9987272 68157, email: [email protected]
Emission Levels and Standards
Measuring Radiated Emissions from Power
lines
•Measurements made in the Near and/or Far field
•Distance from power line measured as wavelength for accuracy
•Absolute distance in metres less accurate as it does not account
for frequency range
•Standard distances used include 1metre, 5metres , 10metres ,
20metres , and 30metres
The Open University Manchester, 351 Altincham Rd, Sharstron, Manchester M22 4 UN, United Kingdom, tel: +44 161 9987272 68157, email: [email protected]
University Duisburg-Essen, Energytransport and –sforage, Bismarckstr. 81, 47057 Duisburg, Germany, Tel: +49 203 379-3373, Fax -2833, email: [email protected]
The Open University
Manchester
University Duisburg-Essen, Energytransport and –sforage, Bismarckstr. 81, 47057 Duisburg, Germany, Tel: +49 203 379-3373, Fax -2833, email: [email protected]
10K
Wave
impedance
Ω
Electric Field predominates:low current,high voltage radiator
Far Field
1K
Near Field
377
Plane Wave Z=377Ώ
Wave Impedance=E/H
Z=(μ/є)½
High current,low voltage,low
impedance
100
Magnetic Field
predominates
d<λ/2
D >λ/2 
1
D=λ/2 
Distance metres
The Open University Manchester, 351 Altincham Rd, Sharstron, Manchester M22 4 UN, United Kingdom, tel: +44 161 9987272 68157, email: [email protected]
The Open University
Manchester
Near and Far Field Radiated Impedance Measurements
University Duisburg-Essen, Energytransport and –sforage, Bismarckstr. 81, 47057 Duisburg, Germany, Tel: +49 203 379-3373, Fax -2833, email: [email protected]
The Open University
Manchester
The Open University Manchester, 351 Altincham Rd, Sharstron, Manchester M22 4 UN, United Kingdom, tel: +44 161 9987272 68157, email: [email protected]
PUA Measurements
University Duisburg-Essen, Energytransport and –sforage, Bismarckstr. 81, 47057 Duisburg, Germany, Tel: +49 203 379-3373, Fax -2833, email: [email protected]
The Open University
Manchester
The Open University Manchester, 351 Altincham Rd, Sharstron, Manchester M22 4 UN, United Kingdom, tel: +44 161 9987272 68157, email: [email protected]
Disturbance Voltage Measurement
Networks for the Measurement of
Conducted Disturbances
Conducted disturbance (IEV 161-03-27)
Electromagnetic disturbance for which the energy is transferred via one or more conductors.
Electromagnetic disturbance (IEV 161-01-05)
Any electromagnetic phenomenon which may degrade the performance of a device, equipment or system,
or adversely affect living or inert matter.
Note. - Any electromagnetic disturbance may be an electromagnetic noise, an unwanted signal or a change
in the propagation medium itself.
Unwanted signal (IEV 161-01-03)
A signal that may impair the reception of a wanted signal.
Non PLC-equipment: symmetric voltage / current: unintended
asymmetrc voltage / current: unintended
EMC-standards => method, where both signal components are measured, yields to successful
assessment of protection requirement regarding conducted emission
=> Use of V-AMN sufficient for non-PLC equipment.
TC-equipment:
The Open University Manchester, 351 Altincham Rd, Sharstron, Manchester M22 4 UN, United Kingdom, tel: +44 161 9987272 68157, email: [email protected]
University Duisburg-Essen, Energytransport and –sforage, Bismarckstr. 81, 47057 Duisburg, Germany, Tel: +49 203 379-3373, Fax -2833, email: [email protected]
The Open University
Manchester
symmetric voltage / current: intended
asymmetrc voltage / current: unintended
EMC-standards => only unintended signal has to be measured for a successful assessment of protection
requirement regarding conducted emission. Intended signal level has to be defined
in a product standard for the TC technology.
=> T-ISN must be used for TC-equipment.
Asymmetric signals have the main influence on
radio services
Usym
Non-PLC Equipment:
immunity level
unintended
Influence on other equipment
operated at same power net
possible but not probable
permittable emission
Usym
f
unintended
Uasym
E
Influence on radio services
due to radiation possible
receiver sensitivity
permittable radiation
=> CISPR-22 limits conducted disturbances in general
f
The Open University Manchester, 351 Altincham Rd, Sharstron, Manchester M22 4 UN, United Kingdom, tel: +44 161 9987272 68157, email: [email protected]
University Duisburg-Essen, Energytransport and –sforage, Bismarckstr. 81, 47057 Duisburg, Germany, Tel: +49 203 379-3373, Fax -2833, email: [email protected]
The Open University
Manchester
T-ISN is used for assessing
telecommunications products
and thus for PLC as well
telecommunications-equipment:
intended
level defined in appropriate product standards
Usym
unintended
Uasym
E
Influence on radio services
due to radiation possible
receiver sensitivity
permittable radiation
=> Only signals relevant for radiation (asymmetric) shall be
measured according to an EMC standard
=> Use of T-ISN or -ISN
T-ISN already defined in CISPR 22 for TC-ports
f
The Open University Manchester, 351 Altincham Rd, Sharstron, Manchester M22 4 UN, United Kingdom, tel: +44 161 9987272 68157, email: [email protected]
University Duisburg-Essen, Energytransport and –sforage, Bismarckstr. 81, 47057 Duisburg, Germany, Tel: +49 203 379-3373, Fax -2833, email: [email protected]
The Open University
Manchester
Design of a T-ISN for PLC
The Open University Manchester, 351 Altincham Rd, Sharstron, Manchester M22 4 UN, United Kingdom, tel: +44 161 9987272 68157, email: [email protected]
150 Ohm T-ISN with LCL=30dB
2*71mH cascaded
Mains
EUT
L
Power
plug
PE
N
Runsym
2*470nF
2*200
(corr acc.
Runsym for
Rasym=150 )
100
100
90
90
80
80
70
70
Results of Measurements
in and near Dortmund
50
40
60
P%
60
P%
University Duisburg-Essen, Energytransport and –sforage, Bismarckstr. 81, 47057 Duisburg, Germany, Tel: +49 203 379-3373, Fax -2833, email: [email protected]
The Open University
Manchester
50
40
30
30
20
20
10
10
0
0
1
10
100
Z asy / Ohm
1000
10000
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
LCL / dB
70
80
90
100
Product Assessment with V-AMN and T-ISN (1)
Pegel [dBµV]
Pegel [dBµV]
80
100
70
x
+
60
x
+
80
x
+ x
+
+
xx
+
50
x
+
+
x
x
+ x
+
+
xx
+
60
40
40
30
20
20
10
0
150k
x x MES
+ + MES
MES
MES
LIM
LIM
300k
500k
PC_1_fin
PC_1_fin
PC_1_pre
PC_1_pre
EN 55022
EN 55022
1M
QP
AV
PK
AV
V QP
V AV
2M
3M 4M 5M
Frequenz [Hz]
7M
10M
Voltage QP Limit
Voltage AV Limit
30M
0
150k
x x MES
+ + MES
MES
MES
LIM
LIM
300k
500k
1M
2M
3M 4M
Frequenz [Hz]
PC1_TISN_fin QP
PC1_TISN_fin AV
PC1_TISN_pre PK
PC1_TISN_pre AV
EN 55022 V QP TK B
EN 55022 V AV TK B
6M
10M
Field Strength QP Limit
Field Strength QP Limit
Desktop-PC
V-NNB,
CISPR-22, Class B Mains
Distance to Limit Line:
AV, 0.3 MHz: -14.3 dB
AV, 0.6 MHz: -13.4 dB
T-ISN, LCL=30dB
CISPR-22, Class B TC
Distance to Limit Line:
AV, 0.3 MHz: -13.5 dB
AV, 0.6 MHz: -11.8 dB
30M
The Open University Manchester, 351 Altincham Rd, Sharstron, Manchester M22 4 UN, United Kingdom, tel: +44 161 9987272 68157, email: [email protected]
University Duisburg-Essen, Energytransport and –sforage, Bismarckstr. 81, 47057 Duisburg, Germany, Tel: +49 203 379-3373, Fax -2833, email: [email protected]
The Open University
Manchester
Product Assessment with V-AMN and T-ISN (2)
Pegel [dBµV]
Pegel [dBµV]
80
100
70
x
60
80
x
50
60
x
x
40
x
30
x
40
x
20
20
10
0
150k
300k 500k
1M
2M 3M 4M5M 7M 10M
Frequenz [Hz]
30M
0
150k 300k 500k
1M
2M 3M 4M
Frequenz [Hz]
6M
Small Drill Machine
V-NNB,
CISPR-22, Class B Mains
Distance to Limit Line:
QP, 0.22 MHz: -2.4 dB
QP, 0.89 MHz: 8.1 dB
T-ISN, LCL=30dB
CISPR-22, Class B TC
Distance to Limit Line:
QP, 0.6 MHz: 17 dB
10M
30M
The Open University Manchester, 351 Altincham Rd, Sharstron, Manchester M22 4 UN, United Kingdom, tel: +44 161 9987272 68157, email: [email protected]
University Duisburg-Essen, Energytransport and –sforage, Bismarckstr. 81, 47057 Duisburg, Germany, Tel: +49 203 379-3373, Fax -2833, email: [email protected]
The Open University
Manchester
Product Assessment with V-AMN and T-ISN (3)
Pegel [dBµV]
Pegel [dBµV]
80
100
70
80
60
50
x
xx
60
+
40
+
+
30
+
+
20
40
x
x
x
x
xx
+
+
+
x
+
x
+
++
x
20
10
0
150k
300k 500k
1M
2M 3M 4M5M 7M 10M
Frequenz [Hz]
30M
0
150k 300k 500k
1M
2M 3M 4M
Frequenz [Hz]
6M
10M
Switching Power Supply of a notebook
V-NNB,
CISPR-22, Class B Mains
Distance to Limit Line:
AV, 0.41 MHz: 8.5 dB
AV, 3.505 MHz: 12.5 dB
T-ISN, LCL=30dB
CISPR-22, Class B TC
Distance to Limit Line:
AV, 0.47 MHz: 9.8 dB
AV, 3.5 MHz: 12.7 dB
30M
The Open University Manchester, 351 Altincham Rd, Sharstron, Manchester M22 4 UN, United Kingdom, tel: +44 161 9987272 68157, email: [email protected]
University Duisburg-Essen, Energytransport and –sforage, Bismarckstr. 81, 47057 Duisburg, Germany, Tel: +49 203 379-3373, Fax -2833, email: [email protected]
The Open University
Manchester