Transcript Title

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WRC-07
Decision on C-band
Kristen Kloster
Director, International Programmes
Global VSAT Forum
The ITU Radio Régulations
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• One of their main purposes - Interference-free
operation of RadioComms
• Lengthy & complex procedure
– Established/amended by States during WRCs (every
3-4 years);
– Opportunity to resolve interference before operation;
– Prevents loss of investment, customers & revenue
from unusable capacity due to interference.
WRC Agenda Item 1.4
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• “to consider frequency-related matters for the
future development of IMT-2000 and systems
beyond IMT-2000 taking into account the results
of ITU-R studies in accordance with
Resolution 228 (Rev.WRC-03)”
IMT Candidate Frequency Bands
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• ITU-R WP 8F
• IMT Candidate Frequency Bands
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410 – 430 MHz
450 – 470 MHz
470 – 806/862 MHz
1 518 – 1 525 MHz
1 668 – 1 675 MHz
2 300 – 2 400 MHz
2 700 – 2 900 MHz
3 400 – 4 200 MHz
4 400 – 4 990 MHz
C-band Downlinks
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3.4
3.5
3.6
Ext. C
Additional band
(FSS, feederlinks
for MSS, …)
3.7
3.8
3.9
4.0
Std. C
4.1
Band commonly used by FSS satellites
4.2
WRC-07 Agenda Item 1.4
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• Key Issue at WRC-07
• Many Issues only Resolved on Penultimate Day
of Conference
BWA vs FSS
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• The sharing situation was extensively studied, in
particular in response to agenda item 1.4 of
WRC-07 (“IMT”).
• Several compatibility issues were identified:
– Blockage of reception in same frequency band (“inband”);
– Blockage of adjacent frequencies (“out-of-band”);
– Overload of satellite receiver (“saturation”).
• Main issue = “in-band”
The Findings
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• Numerous practical tests have shown that FSS and
WiMAX cannot coexist in the same or adjacent bands
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SUIRG
CEPT
Hong Kong
Tanzania
Bolivia
Australia
Fiji
Argentina
etc
The Findings
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• BWA or IMT in a part or all of the FSS C-band downlink will be
incompatible with general FSS reception in any part of C-band in the
same geographical area
• BWA or IMT in a part of C-band may be compatible with FSS
reception by a small number of earth stations if:
– Appropriate exclusion zones around each of the earth stations are
established
– User terminals are designed not to emit any signals when not in contact
with a base station
• Introduction of BWA or IMT by one country can block FSS reception
in another country
Solutions identified (1/2)
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• Separation distances between BWA and FSS
receiving earth stations, using criteria defined by
ITU.
• Examples of separation distances:
– “in-band”: several tens of km (up to > 100 km);
– “out-of-band”: few kilometers (up to 2 km);
– “saturation”: several hundreds of meters (up to > 1 km).
Solutions identified (2/2)
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• Since individual licenses are not usually required for FSS
earth stations such as TVRO terminals, which have divers
retail outlets, there is no central record of their locations.
Therefore it is not feasible for BWA to share with them in the
same geographical area since no minimum separation can be
guaranteed.
• Separation distances could be reduced by implementing
appropriate mitigation techniques (where applicable), but
most of these would not reduce the distances to zero and the
others have yet to be shown to be practicable
Why Is SatCom Important in C-band?
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C-Band Earth Stations in Africa (3400-4200 MHz)
(Incomplete Count from Intelsat)
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FSS Earth stations in Europe
The sites shown are those recorded by Intelsat and SES/New Skies in the band 3400-4200 MHz – (1081 terminals, 694 sites) . Additionally many TVRO earth stations
exist but are unrecorded and thus unable to be shown here. Furthermore the map does not show earth stations served in this band by other satellite operators.
Importance of C-Band to the FSS
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• Only band where FSS can be provided with high
reliability in areas with high intensity rainfall
• Large area coverage – ideal for developing countries
• Standard C-Band is fully utilised – developing countries
are dependent on extended C-Band
• Ku- and Ka-band satellite systems suffer from rain fade
problems and are more suited for smaller coverages
The WRC Outcome
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• No global identification for IMT
• C-Band preserved for satellite use
• Individual countries can take a different position to the
international community and sign up to ‘country
footnotes’ that offer…
– In Region 1: 3 400 – 3 600 MHz is allocated to mobile services
and identified for IMT for some countries
– In Region 2: 3 400 – 3 500 MHz is allocated to mobile services
– In Region 3: 3 400 – 3 500 MHz is allocated to mobile services
and identified for IMT for some countries, as is 3 500 – 3 600
MHz
The WRC Outcome
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• 3400 – 3600 MHz
ADD MOB/IMT
ADD 5.AAA
• Mobile allocation in 3400 – 3600 MHz is effective
17 November 2010
• IMT is subject to RR 9.17; RR 9.18; + pfd limits
The Ongoing Threat to Satellite Operations
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• At WRC-07 only 200 MHz allocated to IMT in C-Band
• ITU-R WP 5A studying compatibility between BWA &
FSS in C-Band
How C-band Will be ‘Protected’
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• Any deployment of IMT services in the C band must fulfil
strict criteria laid out in the country footnote 5.AAA:
– Careful limits are placed on the power flux density allowed at the
border between countries that choose to allow the deployment of
IMT services and countries that follow the norm
– Existing rules governing sharing between services are reaffirmed
to make sure they are applied when necessary - to help protect
both existing and future satellite services
• There are currently no future agenda items to revisit this
issue
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Thank you