Transcript PPT - Wireless@ICTP

ICTP School on Radio Use
for Information and Communication Technology
The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics ICTP Trieste (Italy)
3 - 21 February 2003
Mobile Internet
Professor Gennady Yanovsky,
State University of Telecommunications
St. Petersburg, Russia
[email protected]
1. INTRODUCTION
Two concepts
•Internet
•Mobile
Internet – short history (fixed networks)
1969 – ARPA
Noncommercial apps
and
Weak development (1970-1990)
Exponential grows after beginning of 90-th (some figures)
Plans for NGN
Internet development’s illustration
•Mobile – short history
70-th – first mobile networks (analog) – 1G
90-th – digital mobile networks – (2G, GSM)
Beginning of current decade – (2,5G, EGSM)
Expectations – 3G (broadband access, HBRs in air interface)
Exponential grows (some figures)
Constant time-lag between fixed and
mobile network applications
3 - 5 Years
Functionality
 Audio
& Video
broadband (DSL,
CATV, etc.)
Fixed networks are leading

Functionality
 Audio
& Video
narrowband
Speed
Audio & Video
broadband
(UMTS)
 Audio
Cost
 Pictures
 Graphics
 WWW
 Text
& Video
narrowband
(GPRS)
 Pictures
 Graphics
 HSCSD
 WAP
 SMS
1991
Start of the World Wide Web
1994
1997
2000
2003
Year
Penetration rates for different
services (for the US market)
Time to reach 50 mln customers
100
80
60
40
millions of customers
120
TV
(15 years)
Telephone
(90 years)
Radio
(40 years)
Cable TV
(10 years)
Internet
(<5 years)
Computer
20
Mobile Phone
0
1922
1950
1980
1995
Products have an accelerated market penetration.
2. Key forces for broadband access
Public Network Principles
Wireless
Technologies
Optical Fiber
Twisted Pair
Backbone Network
Cable/Coax
Power line
Access Gateway
Switching
Transmission
Transmission
Network
Terminations
Access
Network
How long does it take to download
3 k (EM)
3 M (S/HRP)
300 M (1hV)
GSM
9,6 k
2,5 secs
42
mins
3 days
PSTN
56 k
0,4 secs
7
mins
12 hours
GPRS
ISDN
115 k
128 k
0,2 secs
3,5 mins
6 hours
UMTS
ADSL
2M
8M
0,0 secs
1
Cable
WLAN
30 M
80 M
1
Fiber
800 G
30
12
secs
20 mins
msec
1
sec
30 secs
nsecs
30
µsecs
3 msecs
Live Video codecs starting with 32 kbit/s
Byte
bit/s
Broadband to the customer via
different techniques
Two
general types
to access
the informational
Resources
through Net
Satellites
Sky Stations
GSM/GPRS/UMTS
WLAN
Optical fiber
Twisted Pair
xDSL/ Cable/Coax
Access Network
Backbone
Networks
Technological limitations of different
transmission media
Limits of Transmission Media
Mbit/s
Transmission Capacity [Mbit/s]
10000
1000
Fiber
250
100
Cellular
Wireless*
Coax
10
1
Copper Twisted Pair
0,1
0,1
1
10
Distance [km ]
*Capacity in Mbit/s/sqkm
100
3G - UMTS
EDGE
GPRS
HSCSD
CDMA
AMPS
GSM
PCS
VSAT
PMP WLAN
DECT
TV
CDMA
Bluetooth
Cellular
Satellite
WLL
Wireless access technologies
Networks go broadband
Satellite 1.2G
1G
Satellite
40M
100M
250 Mbs
(Indoor)156M
office
MMAC
(Outdoor)30M
Cable
modem
10M
home
UMTS
1M
ISDN
128K
Transmission Rate (b/s)
100K
56K
33.6K
Plan
10K
1K
1980
9.6K
1985
1990
1995
in Operation
2000
Year
2005
2010
2015
2020
Source: SRI International
GPRS
How long does it take to download
Wireless
wired
3 k (EM)
3 M (S/HRP)
300 M (1hV)
GSM
9,6 k
2,5 secs
42
mins
3 days
PSTN
56 k
0,4 secs
7
mins
12 hours
GPRS
ISDN
115 k
128 k
0,2 secs
3,5 mins
6 hours
UMTS
ADSL
2M
8M
0,0 secs
1
Cable
WLAN
30 M
80 M
1
Fiber
800 G
30
12
secs
20 mins
msec
1
sec
30 secs
nsecs
30
µsecs
3 msecs
Live Video codecs starting with 32 kbit/s
Byte
bit/s
Mobile access will
dominate
1800 Subscriptions worldwide (millions)
1600
Mobile
Mobile
subscriptions
Fixed
1400
1200
Mobile Internet
Fixed Internet
1000
Mobile Internet
subscriptions
800
600
400
200
0
1995
2000
2005
2010
Source: Siemens
Mobile Messaging Market
• SMSC/MMSC Supplier Revenues [€m], worldwide
2000
1500
1000
500
0
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
SMSC 253
MMSC
460
679
984 1246 1196 943
698
10
805 1100
69
184
460
457
SMSC:
Short Messaging
Service Center
MMSC:
Multimedia Messaging
Service Center
Source: UBS Warburg, 01/02
Mobile Devices’ Market
700
600
Units
500
Online capable
mobile devices
400
300
PCs
200
100
0
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
Source: Dataquest and UBS Warburg
Mobile and Internet Penetration
in Western European Countries (YE 2000)
80%
AUT
Mobile Penetration (in %)
ITA
SPA
70%
FIN
NOR
NL
LUX
UK
SWE
CH
POR
60%
GRE IRL
DK
GER
FRA
50%
BEL
40%
0%
Source: Siemens
10%
20%
30%
40%
(Fixed) Internet Penetration (in %)
50%
3. Evolution of mobile technologies –
general picture
Deployment
2000-2006
Future
Deployment
Mobility
Vehicular
2.5G
2G
UMTS
FDD
Beyond 3G
Large Area coverage
up to 384
kbit/s
GSM
GPRS
EDGE
Pedestrian
UMTS
TDD
Cordless
DECT
BWA
Pedestrianportable
up to 20Mbit/s
Indoor
up to 2 Mbit/s
Bluetooth
Portable
MMAC
BRAN,
Hyperaccess
Wireless LAN
Hyper an 2, IEEE 802.11a/b
Fixed
FWA (Fixed Wireless Access)
0.1
1
10
Information Rate (Mbit/s)100
4. IP Mobility
4.1. GPRS
General Packet Radio Services (GPRS) is a packet-based wireless
communication service that provides data rates from 56 up to 114 Kbps
and continuous connection to the Internet for mobile phone and
computer users.
GPRS Main Features-1
1. GPRS is based on Global System for Mobile (GSM)
communication and supports Internet Protocol
Evolution of 2G to 3G for data transmission protocols
GPRS Main Features-2
2. GPRS will complement existing services such circuit-switched cellular
phone connections and the Short Message Service (SMS).
3. GPRS will also complement Bluetooth, a standard for replacing wired
connections between home devices with wireless radio connections.
4. In addition to the Internet Protocol (IP), GPRS supports X.25, a packetbased protocol. GPRS is an evolutionary step toward Enhanced Data GSM
Environment (EDGE) and Universal Mobile Telephone Service (UMTS).
EDGE is a new radio interface that employs a combination
of new coding schemes, new modulation, and the ability
to dynamically choose the best possible combination
of coding scheme and modulation, based on instantaneous error rates.
Total maximum theoretical throughput of EDGE is 470Kbits/sec.
GPRS Network (1)
SGSN – Serving GPRS Support Node
SGSN – Gateway GPRS Support Node
GPRS Network (2)
MSC - Mobile Switching Center
BSC – Base Station Controller
SGSN – Serving GPRS Support Node
SGSN – Gateway GPRS Support Node
GPRS Architecture
GSM-based 2.5/3G network fragment referred to GPRS
GSM-based all-IP network fragment referred to UMTS
architecture
GPRS Applications
•General-purpose IP networking
•WAP-based applications
Services (using mobile handheld devices as well as notebook
computers):
•Video conferences
•Interactive communications with MM Web sites
Time frame
•GPRS won't roll out instantaneously around the world.
•Many GSM carriers start trials by the end of 2000 and continued in 2001/02,
but only small portion of their provide total coverage areas. May be on 2003
users can roam on a widespread basis.
4.2 Mobile IPv6
Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6) is a protocol developed as a subset of Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6)
to support mobile connections. MIPv6 is an update of the IETF (Internet Engineering Task
Force) Mobile IP standard (RFC 2002) designed to authenticate mobile devices (known as
mobile nodes) using IPv6 addresses.
Traditional IP routing (IPv4):
•IP addresses represent a topology.
•Each node's IP address identifies the network link where the node is connected.
•If a mobile device is disconnected from the own Internet and want to reconnect through a
other (visiting) network, user have to configure the device with a new IP address
• IP mobility is the add-on feature and the vast majority of IPv6 nodes do not support MoIP
MIPv6 allows a mobile node to maintain connections transparently while moving from one
subnet to another. Each device is identified by its home address although it may be
connecting to through another network. When connecting through a foreign network, a
mobile device sends its location information to a home agent, which intercepts packets,
intended for the device and tunnels them to the current location.
4.2.1. IPv4 and IPv6 (General view)
IPv4 Header
0
31 0
31
V Traffic
(4) class (8)
1
Flow label (20)
Payload length
(16)
2
Next
Hope limit
header (8)
(8)
1
2
3
4
Source IP address
5
Destination IP address
Source IP address
6
6
Destination IP address
10
IPv4 and IPv6 headers
4.2.2. Main advantages of IPv6 vs. IPv4
•Scalability (Extended address space [128 bits])
•Security (Authentication and security – Next header field
capability)
•Mobility (Destination and routing options - Next header field
capability)
•QoS (Differentiated services, incl. RT operations - Flow label
field capability)
HOME ELECTRONICS
•PC
•TV set
•Micro oven
•Set-top box
•Video player
•Bluetooth devices
VEHICLES
•Car
•Boat
•Train
•Airplane
Need
for IP access
AUTOMATION
•Alarm systems
•Heating
•Electricity
•Remote monitoring
PERSONAL DEVICES
•Mobile phone
•LT PC
•PDA
•MP3 MP
•Web browser
•Digital camera
In the near future,
many devices will
require their own
Internet address
4.2.3_1. Mobile Internet Scenario for IPv4 (RFC 2002)
ER
ER
ER
ER
4.2.3_2. Mobile Internet Scenario for IPv6 (an update
of RFC 2002)
4.4. Main Definitions of Mobile IP
Binding
The association/mapping between the mobile node's home
address and a care-of address
Care-of Address
A temporary IP address associated with a mobile node while
visiting a foreign network (see Appendix 2 for details)
Correspondent Node
A node that is communicating with the mobile node (for example,
a WWW server)
Home Address
A static IP address assigned to the mobile node in the home
network
Home Agent
A router on the mobile node's home network with which
the mobile node has registered its current care-of
address. The mobile node's home address is associated
with the home agent
Mobile Node
A terminal that can change its point of attachment in the IP
network. A mobile node can be reached via its static home
address
The benefits of Mobile IPv6 compared to
Mobile IPv4 include:
• The huge address space of IPv6 makes Mobile
IPv6 deployment more straightforward
• IPv6 address autoconfiguration simplifies the careof address assignment for the mobile node. It also
eases the address management in a large network
infrastructure
•
• Optimized routing: Mobile IPv6 avoids so-called
triangular routing
5. Example: i-mode - Shift Strategy
to 3G
IMT 2000 (3G)
Colored
LCD
Music
i-mode launch
Open
standards
Video
Games
Video
Conference
Video
Telephone
e-mail
Feb.
1999
Homepage
Fall,
1999
Pictures
Mobile TV
Winter,
1999
Source: NTT DoCoMo, Siemens
Fall,
2000
Spring,
2001
Increasing bandwidth
Java
Example: i-mode – subscriber and
information site evolution
i-mode subscriber growth & percentage of DoCoMo
subscribers (‘000 / %)
10000
26,8%
23,4%
8000
21,7%
19,1%
7114
5603
13,3%
25%
20%
6510
15,6%
6000
8289
30%
15%
4463
4000
10%
3743
2000
5%
0
0%
Jan. 00Feb. 00Mar 00 Apr 00Mai 00 Jun 00
 Number of subscribers raised from 0 to
5.6 million within one year
 Number of sites increased to 7.000 sites
within one year
i-mode information sites (absolute)
20.000
 # of Voluntary
18.273
Sites
15.000
15.609
 # of Official
Success in mobile data is driven by open access
12.940
Sites
10.000
10.000
8.224
6.357
5.052
5.000
312
341
421
470
501
519
578
Source: Goldman Sachs, ING Barings, Communications International
0
Jan 00Feb 00Mar 00Apr 00Mai 00Jun 00Jul 00
Appendix 1
Care-of address
•The care-of address is a temporary IP address for a mobile node (mobile
device) that enables message delivery when the device is connecting from
somewhere other than its home network.
•The care-of address identifies a mobile node's current point of attachment to
the Internet and makes it possible to connect from a different location without
changing the device's home address (permanent IP address) – like the postal
system.
•When a mobile device is away from its home network, it is assigned a care-of
address.
•Mobile IP registers the care-of address with a home agent, which resides on
the home network. When a message for the mobile node is delivered to the
home network, the home agent intercepts the message and tunnels it to the
recipient at the care-of address.
Appendix 2
ABBREVIATIONS-1
2G
Second Generation Mobile Telecommunications
(including GSM and GPRS technologies)
3G
Third Generation Mobile Telecommunications
(including WCDMA/UMTS technology)
BG
Border Gateway
CN
Correspondent Node
CoA
Care-of Address
DHCPv6 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol for IPv6
DNS
Domain Name System
ER
Edge Router
FA
Foreign Agent
GGSN
Gateway GPRS Support Node
GPRS
General Packet Radio Service
GTP
GPRS Tunneling Protocol
ABBREVIATIONS-2
HA
HLR
ICMP(v6)
IETF
IPsec
IPv4
IPv6
ISP
MN
MT
PLMN
RFC
Home Agent
Home Location Register
Internet Control Message Protocol (for IPv6)
Internet Engineering Task Force
IP security
Internet Protocol, version 4
Internet Protocol, version 6
Internet Service Provider
Mobile Node
Mobile Terminal
Public Land Mobile Network
Request For Comments (a specification by IETF)
ABBREVIATIONS-3
SGSN
Serving GPRS Support Node
UMTS
Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
WAP
Wireless Application Protocol
WCDMA
Wideband Code Division Multiple Access
WLAN
Wireless LAN
WWW
World Wide Web