Transcript Strtegies for Resource Management for better input use

Strategies for
Resource Management
for better input use efficiency
Odisha State
Land use pattern
Sl.
No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Items
Area
Forest
Miscellaneous Trees & Groves
Permanent Pasture
Culturable waste
Land Put to Non-Agriculture
Barren & un-culturable land
Current fallow
Other fallow
Net Area Sown
Total Geographical Area
58.13
3.42
4.94
3.75
12.98
8.40
8.49
2.29
53.31
155.71
Gross cropped area
87.99
Cropping Intensity (%)
166
Cultivated Land Inventory
• Cultivated Land-
61.80 lakh hectares
Cultivated Area Kharif Paddy Area
High
29.14
6.51
Medium 17.55
16.51
Low
15.11
14.91
61.80
37.93
• Land with Acidic soil •
•
•
•
40 lakh hectares
(13 lakh hectares with pH>5.5)
4 lakh hectares
3.54 lakh hectares
0.75 lakh hectares
Prone to saline innundationProne to flooding Prone to water logging Irrigation Potential created (2011-12):
 Kharif –
 Rabi –
• Average size of holding• Small and Marginal farmers -
30.64 lakh hectares
15.29 lakh hectares
1.15 hectares.
86.2% of the farming community
Fertility and Nutrient Status
• 70% of our soil affected due to soil acidity
– (40 lakh ha acidic & 13 lakh ha with pH≤ 5.5)
• Deficient Nutrients – Extent of Defficiency in %)
Zinc
- 19 % (prevalent in medium &
Low Land soils
Boron
- 44% (majority of upland Soils)
Sulphur - 28%
• Nutrient Status up to Gram Panchayat Level for major
nutrients has been uploaded in the website
www.orsac.org/natural resources/soilfertility and is
available in public domain
• Soil Health Card Generation has been Made On-Line
Soil Testing & fertiliser use
Items
Achievement
2010-11 2011-12
2012-13
2013-14
(upto 08/11)
Target
227550
512000
220000
265000
Samples
Received
Samples Analysed
162085
231694
384418
91615
169207
357611
91615
No. of Health
Cards Issued
159593
169207
357611
91615
159593
Consequent up on massive soil testing and recommendations
thereof we are inching towards the ideal ratio of N:P:K which is
4:2:1
Extent of fallow land and measures
required to bring them to cultivation
• Fallow land in the state- 11.17 lakh hectsres (nearly 17%)
• Measures required –
 Taking up different plantation crops in well drained
uplands remaining fallow.
 Growing low duty and fodder crops.
 Fallow Low land prone to water logging could be exploited
for fisheries/ integrated farming systems.
 Establishment of Irrigation points; bore wells, WHS, farm
ponds/ dugwells etc.
 Treatment of land for reducing soil erosion and runoff
losses.
 Livelihood interventions.
 Incentivising productive use of fallow land.
Extent of use of subsidy and quality
inputs by tenant farmers
• While providing extension services and different
quality agri-inputs farmers are not discriminated for
owning land except for infrastructural development.
• Thus, all the tenant farmer have equal access to
quality agri –inputs.
Scope for improving Potential and
sustainable use of land resources
• Ample of scope for improving potential of land
resources–
–
–
–
Exploiting irrigation potential
Provisioning appropriate drainage facilities
Appropriate and adequate soil amelioration
Adoption of proper nutrient and soil management
practices.
– Capacity building of farmers and extension functionaries.
– Reclamation of degraded land through proper treatment.
– Reduce the extent of fallow land through proper usage
WATER:
Available Water Resources
Description
Odisha
India
Annual Precipitation (Annual av. Rainfall 1451 mm)
230.76 BCM
4000 BCM
Average Annual Water Resources
141.41 BCM
1869 BCM
Utilisable Water Resources (surface + Ground Water)
108.15 BCM
1122 BCM
Utilisable Resources (% precipitation)
47%
28%
Storage Capacity created (upto 2011-12)
17.01 BCM
+1.77 BCM
(under constn.)
NA
Source: Annual Report 2011-12 of Water Resources Department, Govt. Of Odisha
Declining per capita availability of water
• India
– 1820 m3 in 2001
– 1144 m3 in 2050
• Orissa
– 3359 m3 in 2001
– 2218 m3 in 2051
But by 2051:
Rushikulya basin will experience a scarcity condition and basins like
Budhabalanga and Bahuda will be close to scarcity condition
Stress level 1700 m3/year
Scarcity level 1000 m3/year
Absolute scarcity level - < 500 m3/year
Courtsey Dr. Lalit Mohan Garnayak, Chief Agronomist, OUAT
Irrigation
• Out of the cultivated area of 61.80 lak ha about
49.90 lakh ha (Annual Report 2007-08 - water resources
Deptt. ) can be brought under assured irrigation.
• Irrigation potential created in lakh ha (Source-wise)
(2012-13)
Source
Kharif
Rabi
Major & Medium
13.69
6.27
Minor (flow)
5.95
0.77
Minor (lift)
5.49
3.11
Other Sources
6.17
5.58
31.30
15.73
Total
• Irrigation potential utilised – Kharif - 20.79 lakh ha
Rabi - 10.09 lakh ha
(65.7%)
GOUND WATER RESOURCES AVAILABILITY, UTILIZATION
AND STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT IN ODISHA
Annual Replenishable Ground Water Resource
17.78 bcm
Natural Discharge during non- Monsoon season
1.09 bcm
Net Annual Ground Water Availability
16.69 bcm
Annual Ground Water Draft
Irrigation
3.47 bcm
(20.8%)
Domestic and Industrial uses
0.89 bcm
(5.3%)
Total
4.36 bcm
Stage of Ground Water Development
26 %
Source:- Annual Report 2010-11, Central Ground Water Board
Efficiency of Water Use
• Efficiency of Canal Water use- < 38.5 %
• Ground water & Surface lifts- 60 %
• Challenges– Transmission losses on account of unlined and ill
maintained distribution channels.
– Vast coverage under Rice crop (nearly 2/3rd). (the WUE
of rice being one of the least)
– Inadequate spread of Micro irrigation.
– Due to improper irrigation scheduling.
– Improper crop planning
Micro irrigation and water
Management for WUE
• Spinkler and drip irrigation systems are being
popularised in a massive way.
• HDPE pipes are being promoted for minimising
transmission loss
• Capacity building for efficient crop planning
and water management in ayacuts.
• PIM and IWRM being promoted through
formation of WUA (Pani Panchayats).
Watershed development and rain
water harvesting
• Extent of coverage under watershed –
• During 11th and 12th Plan period (upto 2012-13)
– 13442 no of Soil Conservation Structures and
– 1589 nos. of WHS have been established.
– 2943 ha of Plantation and
– 7.2 km of avenue plantation have been taken up
– 5330 micro watersheds implemented covering
treatable area of 28.76 lakh hectres.
(2753 completed and 2577 are under operation)
Augmentation and application of
irrigation water
• Strategies
– Lining of canal & Rehabilitation of systems
– Lining of distributaries and maintenance.
– Promotion of participatory irrigation
management(PIM) & Integrated Water Resources
Management (IWRM).
– Proper crop planning and irrigation scheduling.
– Adoption of improved methods of irrigation.
– Adoption of appropriate Water Management
practices.
– Establishment of new irrigation sources.
Energy and Farm Power
• Level of energy use from different sectors
– Power consumption - 151 million units (1.16 % of the total consumption)
Govt. has decided to install separate Dedicated Agriculture Feeder for supply
of power to Agriculture sectors throughout the State. Rs.150 crore has been
provided in the budget during Financial Year 2013-14 for this purpose.
• Optimum use of machinery shall enhance efficiency in energy use.
• Availability of farm power - 1.405 kW/ha. (To be enhanced to 2 kW/ha by
2020.)
– Human and draft animal contributes 0.71 kw/ha
– machinery contribute 0.695 kw/ha
Nearly 5.5 lakhs machinery including pump sets are available in the State.
55 lakh Agricultural labour and 80 lakhs draught animal contribute to the
Farm Power.
• Access of Smal and Marginal Farmers to Farm Mechanisation
– More than 1200 nos. Agro Service Centers have been Established in the State.
– Normally small/marginal farmers are benefited by custom hiring of the
Implement /machinery available at Agro service centre.
– More over SF & MF are major benefactors of mannual and bullock drawn
farm equipments.
– Ample of subsidy extended to small and marginal farmers for farm
mechanisation.
Energy and Farm Power Contd………
• Strtegy to improve energy efficiency in farm Operation
– Ergonomic aspect is being taken in to consideration while
designing Manual/ Bullock drawn implements.
– Special energy feeders are being set up in different places to
supply un interrupted power to Agriculture and fishery sector.
• Strategy to improve agricultural Mechanisation
– More fund is being made available from State plan Schemes
over and above the GoI allocation.
– Subsidy for different Agriculture implements/machinery has
been increased.
– Subsidy up to 75% of the cost being extended in case of specific
implements/ Machineries.
– Demonstrations and trainings are conducted in large scale
– Special training on repair and maintenance of farm machineries
and equipments especially to un-employed youths.
Agriculture Infrastructure
Availability of Storage and Processing Facility
• Storage– Storage space of 4, 03, 200 sq. ft. to store 20160 Tonnes of Seed.
– The capacity has been enhanced through construction of another 17 godowns under
assistance from Central Plan.
– Dehumidified chmbers having capacity to store 500 MT of seeds has been established.
– PACSs/LMAP godowns store seeds for sale during the sowing season.
– The storage space of SWC & CWC and from private owners are hired during peak
periods.
• Processing
– State has 153 functional seed processing plants with a capacity to process 341.83 TPH
• (96 Govt. & Public Sector +57 nos. Pvt. Sector)
– 28 nos. of Seed Processing plants have been repaired to enhance the processing
capacity.
– Mobile seed processing plants with processing capacity of 2 TPH have been engaged.
– For uninterrupted operation during peak seasons gensets have been installed in some
of the Plants.
Agriculture Infrastructure Contd……..
• Market Network established–
–
–
–
65 RMCs spreading across 55 revenue subdivisions
9 specialised cotton marketing yards
108 Cattle Market Yards under 39 RMCs.
43 Krushak Bazars for marketing of fruits and vegetables.
• Two Maize Mandis (Umerkote, Raighar) and two Cotton mandies
(pralakhemundi, Berhampur).
• A mobile Grading Laboratory to facilitate paddy procurement.
• AGMARKNET nodes have been established in 91 markets.
• OAPM Act amended in June 2006 to encourage establishment of
private market and contract farming.
• 37 market yards are being established with assistance under 13th
Finance Commission Grant
• GoO has issued license to NCDEX Spot (electronic Spot exchange in
India) to take up e-trading of maize, cotton, pulses and ginger.
Agriculture Infrastructure Contd……..
Soil Testing facilities in Odisha
Period
Status of Soil Testing Facility
Annual
Capacity
for testing
Remarks
Before 11th Plan
11 static STLs
120000
6 Static STLs & 6Mobile STLs
established and
existing Labs upgraded
130000 6 STLs
- 60000
6MSTLs
- 30000
Upgraded STLs- 40000
During 11th Plan
Soil Testing by Private Sector
15000
10 Static STLs under progress
100000
During 12th Plan
3 Static STLs proposed
Total
30000
395000
•OUAT is extending soil testing facilities at Bhubaneswar & at 9 KVKs.
•Fertiliser companies have 2 static and one mibile STLs
New Initiatives for Soil Testing
• Setting up additional 13 Static Labs by Agril Deptt
(All 30 districts will be covered with Static Soil Testing Labs)
• Setting up 34 Static Labs by Co-operation Deptt
(These Labs to be Operated at PACS Level)
• Setting up of 5 Additional Mobile Soil Testing Units
• All Static Labs have been equipped with Atomic
Absorption Spectrometer (AAS) for micronutrient testing
These laboratories taken together will enhance
the Soil Testing Facilities by 3 Fold
Agriculture Infrastructure Contd……..
• Fertiliser quality Control Facilities– The state has three FQCLabs at Berhampur,
Sambalpur and Rayagada with a total capacity to
test 10000 samples per annum.
– Another FQCL is under progress with testing
capacity of 4000 samples annually.
• One Bio-fertiliser Testing Laboratory with a
capacity to test 500 samples annually has
been commissioned.
Agriculture Infrastructure Contd……..
Private investment in agriculture Infrastructure• Cold storage cold chains have been established.
• “Udyan Fresh” an marketing endeavour in PPP
mode for marketing of vegetables and fruits.
– (12 outlets have been established)
• 57 seed processing plants in private sector.
• Godown spaces have been established by private
entrepreneurs are often leased in for public
purposes.
Agriculture Infrastructure Contd……..
• Facilities for providing inputs to farmers.
• Inputs godowns are spread across the state up
to block level for storing agri-inputs.
– Seed Godowns, Godowns in the FIAC buildings
• PACSs /LAMPs godowns are also utilised for
storing agri-iputs
Agriculture Infrastructure Contd……..
Scope and opprtunities to improve
• Godowns need to be established at GP level to
house agri inputs to facilitate availability at
the farmers’ door step.
• More of assistance to be provided for
establishment of dehumidified storages.
Agro advisory network
• OUAT is the first SAU in the country to launch Agro-Met website
since 2001.
• Research and Development Organisations
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
OUAT (SAU), Bhubaneswar
CRRI (Central Rice Research Institute), Cuttack
CIFA (Central Institute for Freshwater Aquaculture), Bhubaneswar
CTCRI (Central Tuber Crop Research Institute), Bhubaneswar
DoWM (Directorate of Water Management), Bhubaneswar
DRWA
(Directorate of Research for Women in Agriculture),
Bhubaneswar
CHES (Central Horticulture Experimentation Station), Bhubaneswar
CSWCRI (Central Soil & Water Conservation Research Institute)
Koraput
IRRI Hub for Odisha , Cuttack
RPRC (Regional Plant Resources Center), Bhubaneswar
Performance of KVKs and ATMAs
Krishi Vigyan Kendras
• There are 33 KVKs operating in he state
primarily engaged in On-farm Testing,
Frontline Demonstrations & Training.
Items
No.s.
conducted
No. of
beneficiary
On-farm Testing
443
2648
Frontline
demonstration
584
4819
Trainings
2285
51660
Performance of ATMA
• In all the 314 blocks Block Technology Teams and Farmers’
Advisory Committee have been formed.
• 314 Block Technology Manager (BTM) & 628 Block Level
Technical Assistants (BLTA) have been engaged.
• 12468 Farmer Friends @ 2/per GP have been identified.
• During 2013-14
–
–
–
–
–
10000 acres with proper marketing tie-up.
Promoting HYV scented rice (Kudrat & Pravat)
Massive Seed Treatment Capaig @ 10000 hectares in each Block
Promoting soil testing @ 10 samples per village.
Exposure visit of 215 Extension Officers & 1000 farmers outside
the state.
– Organising 642 Farm Schools
– Training of 300 newly recruited Asst. Agricultural Officers.
Extent of services of Research & extension
agencies used in Agriculture Development
• KVKs act as a member both in ATMA Governing Board &
ATMA management Committee
• One of the Subject Matter Specialists of KVK acts as DPD
(technical) of ATMA.
• KVKs also provides technical support to various flagship
programmes being implemented.
• Res.-Extension-Farmer linkage is being strengthened
through various programmes.
• Transfer of technology is being done through Capacity
building programmes.
• Other NGOs/ Organisations/ Technical support Institutions
working in the field of agriculture development are being
involved as partners in the development process.
Extent of information on improved input and
technology shared to the farming community.
• Disemination of such information is being done
through
–
–
–
–
various mass media,
providing quality input and input assistance,
conducting demonstrations and trials,
organising Farmer Field schools, Farmers’ Training,
Exposure visits and other capacity building
programmes.
– Incentivising technology adoptions and farmers’
recognition
– Free mobiles with access to market information to all
farmers (5000 have been supplied in the first phase).
Scope for improving information and
technology disemination
• A lot of technology having potential to improve the pace of
development in agriculture still remains unexploited.
• Development in agriculture has become very competitive in
the post globalisation era.
• Technology need to be constantly upgraded and transfered
for results as continuous process.
• Interactive portals/infromation kiosks need to be
established .
• There need to be simulated pictorial programmes on
technology which can solve the language barrier.
• Technology Parks need to be established with state of the
art technologies employed.
Credit & Insurance
• Credit Flow to Agriculture Sector
(Coop. + Com. Banks)
–
–
–
–
–
2009-10
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
2013-14
-
`5533.58 crores
`6574.94 crores
`5710.82 crores
`10454.14 crores
`7000.00 crores
(Prog. For Coop. Sector)
• Access to Kissan Credit Card
– Total number of active KCC
• Cooperative
• Comm. /RRBs
TOTAL
-
41.58 lakh
13.41 lakh
54.99 lakhs
• Crop Insurance- (Number of farmers covered under NAIS, MNAIS, WBCIS)
–
–
–

2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 Crops covered –
1258554
1639989
1584511
Paddy, Groundnut, Maize, Arhar, Cotton, Patato,
Mustard, Turmeric, Ginger
Scope and opportunities to improve credit
flows to small and marginal farmers
• The small and marginal farmers are being
extended interest subvention. (3% subsidy on
interest for timely repayment)
• The scale of finance being revised suitably.
• Self help groups of tennant farmers or oral
lesees are being extended crop loans
• Co-op. credit structure is being revamped.
• Universal coverage by Kissan Credit Cards to
ensure flexibility in lending norms.
Human Resource
• Availability of human resource is adequate
• The PRIs respond well and are well aquainted with Agriculture sector
Programmes.
• They are involved from planning level to implementation.
• Training Institutes–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Institute of Management on Extension (IMAGE)
3 Regional Institute of Training on Extension
3 Training Institutes of Horticulture
Minor Irrigation and Water use Training Institute
Water and Land Management Training Institute
OUAT has a Agriculture Technology Infoirmation Center that caters to training.
Resouce persons/ Instructors are either available or outsourced from other
institutions/ organisations for capacity building.
– KVKs
– FIAC s at Block level.
– Krushak Chetna Kendra in Watershed Areas
• Strategies for improvement
– Estabishement of Agri-polytechnics
– Establishment of Farmer Training Centers at District Levels
Thank You