Transcript What is a Direct Behavior Rating (DBR)?

Direct Behavior Rating:
Using DBR for Intervention
Overview
What is an Intervention?
 Who Can Use Interventions?
 What Role Does DBR Play in
Interventions?
 How Do You Use DBR in
Interventions?
 What are Some Examples of
Interventions?

What is an Intervention?
A planned set of activities designed to
change and improve desired behavior
 Examples include:

–
–
Incentive Programs
Self Management Systems
Important Features of Interventions

Interventions are used
to:
–
–
Collect baseline data
(student performance
before intervention is
put in place)
Monitor and evaluate
changes in behavior
Interventions continued


Because interventions promote change, we
need tools to monitor change
Why?
–
–
Because it is difficult to monitor change without
the tools necessary to measure and record
change
Change needs to be measurable and quantifiable
What Role Does DBR Play in
Intervention?


DBR scales are tools for measuring change
within an intervention
They:
–
–
–
–
Quantify the effectiveness of the intervention in
place
Provide baseline information on student behavior
Provide intervention data on student behavior
Allow adults to share intervention information in
an easy to understand format
How Can I Use DBR Within an
Intervention?

DBR can be used to monitor
progress and gather
intervention data
–
–
–
–
–
Collect baseline data
Rate target student behavior
Monitor student progress
Communicate feedback to
students and parents
Be used as a self
management and incentive
program rubric
Who Can Use DBR for
Interventions?

DBR can be used by
parents, teachers, children,
administrators, and
intervention teams to
facilitate interventions
designed to improve
behavior. It is likely that
many intervention
applications will be paired
with effective assessment
and communication
components using DBR.
Advantages of DBR Within an
Intervention System
–
–
–
Behaviors are explicitly defined
Ratings are pre-set so students and adults can easily
monitor behavior
DBR is defensible, flexible, repeatable, and efficient
Direct Behavior Rating Scale Example:
Two Types of Possible
Interventions to Use With DBR
 Incentive
Programs
 Self Management Systems
Incentive Programs

Incentive programs provide a system in
which students are given feedback on their
behavior and consequently rewarded for
good behavior.
Using DBR Within Incentive
Programs

Incentive programs with DBR establish behavior
contracts and provide systematic feedback between
the child and adult. The frequent feedback provided
by DBR, combined with short term goals and
incentives, function to promote positive behavior and
reduce undesirable behavior.
Steps for Implementing Incentive
Programs
1) Know what rewards are most realistic for the classroom and situation
2) Pick appropriate reward for desirable behavior (praise, additional freetime, sticker, candy, etc.)
3) Establish how often student will receive feedback for behavior
4) Establish criteria student must meet to obtain reward
5) Determine reward schedules (how often student will receive incentive)
6) Explain behavioral contract to child by clearly outlining behavioral
expectations and incentives involved for exhibiting correct
behavior (can be verbal or a written document)
7) Rate student behavior
8) Provide feedback to student/reward student
Self Management Systems
•
•
•
•
Promote student
awareness of their
behaviors (these
perceptions should be
accurate)
Promote independence
Increase desired behaviors
while decreasing undesired
behaviors.
Allow students to monitor
their behavior
Using DBR Within Self Management
Systems

Self management with DBR components are often
used as part of a behavior intervention given the
opportunity to teach children skills needed to
independently monitor and evaluate behavior. In
self-monitoring, children use DBR to rate their own
behavior, perhaps at the same time the adult rates
the same behavior.
Steps for Implementing Self
Management Systems
1)Explain rating system to student and teach
student to self monitor
2)Have student rate behavior
3)Rate student behavior for same time period
4)Compare results with student
5)Determine student’s accuracy of self management
by comparing their ratings against the ratings you
created for same time period
6)Award student for accuracy in perception of
behavior (optional)
Steps for Implementing Self
Management Systems continued

Ideally, the student and teacher
generated ratings should match.
Student Rating:
Teacher Rating:
Steps for Implementing Self
Management Systems continued

What is a match?
–
–
A match is when teacher and student ratings are within one
point of one another.
For example:
Student Rating:
Teacher Rating:
Match?
Yes
No
Incentive Programs and Self
Management Systems Continued

See the protocols on incentive programs and
self management systems for more
information
–
www.directbehaviorratings.com/intervention/index
.html
Questions?