Transcript RABIES Only What You Need to Know.

By MAJ Donna DeBonis
30 JUL 2010
Camp Bondsteel, Kosovo
 To inform medical treatment personnel
about current risks of rabies in the
Balkans.
 To educate about state of the art rabies
prevention in Balkan wild animals.
Family: Rhabdoviridae - infect a broad range of hosts
throughout the animal and plant kingdom. Animal
rhabdoviruses infect insects, fish, and mammals,
including humans
Genus: Lyssavirus - Lyssaviruses have helical symmetry,
so their infectious particles are approximately
cylindrical in shape
Species: Rabies virus
 Rabies (from Latin: rabies, “madness, rage, fury.” Also
known as “hydrophobia”) is a viral zoonotic neuroinvasive
disease that causes acute encephalitis (inflammation of the
brain) in mammals.
 Tortoise
 Pigeon
 Bullfrog
Hermann tortoise on CBS
European Hare on Camp Bondsteel
 Not a bunny
 Runs in droves
 Females box
 Not rabid
Wildlife
Domestic
Bats
Humans
TOTAL
Albania
0
1 -Bov
0
0
1
Bulgaria
7-Fx
0
0
0
7
Macedonia
0
0
0
0
0
Serbia
34-Fx
10-Fe/k9
0
0
44
Montenegro
10-Fx
3-k9/Bov/Ov
0
0
13
Bosnia
Herzegovin
0
1-Bov
0
0
1
 From World Health Organization, Rabies Bulletin Europe
 published MAY 2010, Geneva
 www.who-rabies-bulletin.org
 fox
 deer
 racoon dog
 racoon
 wolf
 badger
 Marten
 mustelides
 wild boar
Jean Blancou, WOAH, May 27 07
Epizootic wave from 1938 to 1989
The ‘ magic ‘ tool for rabies
control : have not only succeeded
to eradicate the disease in less
than 10 years in many countries
but remains available at any
time in case of its re-emergence
 No human cases of rabies have been reported at
least for the past 30 years in Kosovo.
 In October 2007, two cases of rabies in wild animals
(foxes) were reported.
 To date, sound data on rabies based on a national
surveillance plan are so far lacking but will be
collected during the OIF project funded by
European Union.
 OIF Project in order to decrease Rabies; Kosovo goal
to join European Union
European Commission
Liaison Office to Kosovo
 Project funding
 Equipment
 Consultants
Vaccinate the main culprits(red foxes) with oral rabies vaccine (ORV)
 Drops bait at colder
altitudes so doesn’t melt
 GPS/flies grid-records
location and numbers
of bait dropped
Czechoslvokian contractor flies this
specially outfitted plane
 Fox rabies re-emerged in
northeastern Italy in 2008, in an
area bordering Slovenia.
 In 2009, the infection spread
westward to Veneto region and in
2010 to the provinces of Trento and
Bolzano.
 Aerial emergency oral fox
vaccination was implemented in
the winter 2009-10.

Of the foxes sampled following the
vaccination campaign, 77% showed
a protective rabies antibody titre
of ≥0.5 IU/ml.
At least 300 fox
Samples to be
Collected per
year for two
years.
 In some countries (like
Italy), the foxes are
captured, tranquilized
and blood samples
collected.
 In Kosovo, the fox brain
is tested for rabies and
the femur is xrayed to
check for tetracycline
marker used in ORV
RABIES SURVEILLANCE SAMPLES
Fluorescent Antibody Test for
Rabies Detection in brain
Tetracycline in bones
 cat
 dog
 cattle
 sheep/goat
 horse
 pig
 stray dog
 Come in all sizes
 Many are very friendly
 Some are working dogs
 Arrange big hunts to
kill the offending
animal(s)
 As recent as last
month over 500 dogs
were killed in
Gjellane
 Many pets were
killed when running
with the pack

Ligji Nr. 02/L-10
PËR PËRKUJDESJEN NDAJ KAFSHËVE
Neni 8
Vrasja e kafshëve
8.1. Përveç në rastet emergjente të cilat dukshëm tregojnë dhembje ekstreme që mund të
pasojnë me ngordhje, vetëm veterinari ose personi tjetër kompetent lejohet të vras
kafshën e llojit të zbutur ose çfarëdo kafshe të egër e cila është zbutur, përveç kafshëve të
mbarështuara për prodhim të ushqimit.
8.2. Në rastet kur është e domosdoshme vrasja e kafshës, duhet të bëhet me vuajtje
minimale fizike dhe mentale të saj.
8.3. Personi përgjegjës për vrasje do të sigurojë se kafsha ka ngordhur para eliminimit të
trupit të saj.
8.4. Ministria do të nxjerr akt nënligjor me të cilin përcakton:
a) rastet në të cilat lejohet vrasja e kafshëve dhe mënyra në të cilën mund të bëhet vrasja;
b) personin që mund të vrasë kafshën;
c) objektet dhe pajisjet e thertoreve;
d) metodat e trullosjes dhe therjes së mëparshme, me kusht që metodat e tilla të
sjellin kafshën në gjendje të pavetëdijes, e cila zgjatë derisa të vritet;
e) transportin e kafshëve të lënduara apo sëmura me qëllim të therjes, duke siguruar
që transporti i tillë nuk shkakton vuajtje të mëtutjeshme për kafshët.
8.5. Dispozitat e paragrafit 8.4 të këtij neni nuk zbatohen për kafshët e egra të gjahut.
Article 8 Slaughtering animals
8.1. Excepting emergency cases in which animals seem to be
in extreme pain that may lead to death, only a veterinarian
or other competent person may kill domestic or
domesticated wild animals; this does not include animals
bred for consumption.
8.2. When killing is imperative, ensure minimal physical and
mental harm is inflicted upon the animal.
8.3. The person responsible for killing must ensure the
animal is dead before disposing it.
8.4. The ministry will issue a sublegal act to determine:
a) when killing animals is allowed and how it must be conducted;
b) who may kill animals;
c) butchery facilities and equipment;
d) methods of stupefaction and pre-slaughtering; ensure the animal
remains unconscious until slaughtering is complete.
e) transportation of wounded or sick animals to butcheries, ensuring no
further suffering is caused to them.
8.5. Provisions of al. 8.4 of this article do no apply for wild animals.
‘Killing is not and
 Quoted from article :
cannot be a
solution if we
want a Kosovo
with no killing
any more,”
Pristina Mayor
Ismet Beqiri said.
 PoliticalMavens.com
Muslim Kosovo
Killing off Dogs
By Julia Gorin
 April 29th, 2007
 This is the recommendation of the World Health
Organization.
 Kosovar government provides free rabies vaccine
to all private veterinarians.
 Vaccination clinics are performed annually by the
Kosovar government veterinarians.
 WORLD RABIES DAY September 28
The most important global source of rabies in humans is from uncontrolled rabies
in dogs.
www.worldrabiesday.org
1. through ensuring adequate
animal vaccination and control
2. educating those at risk
3. enhancing access of those bitten
to appropriate medical care
 Exposure to rodents, rabbits and hares seldom, if ever,
requires specific anti-rabies treatment.
 If an apparently healthy dog or cat in or from a low-risk
area is placed under observation, it may be justified to
delay specific treatment. This observation period applies
only to domestic dogs and cats
 Except in the case of threatened or endangered species,
other domestic and wild animals suspected as rabid
should be euthanized and their tissues examined using
appropriate laboratory techniques.
 Vaccinate your animals!
 Quarantine animals





a. if suspected rabid
b. Before travel to another country
Vaccinate yourself
Rabies education
Post exposure treatment
Seek medical advice
Report animal bites