Transcript www.scandinaos.com

SHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGY
DIVISION OF MARINE DESIGN
A human being should be able to
change a diaper, plan an invasion,
butcher a hog, conn a ship, design
a building, write a sonnet, balance
accounts, build a wall, set a bone,
comfort the dying, take orders, give
orders, cooperate, act alone, solve
equations, analyse a new problem,
pitch manure, program a computer,
cook a tasty meal, fight efficiently,
die gallantly.
Specialization is for insects.
-Robert A. Heinlein
2014-01-21
Bengt Ramne
p. 1
SHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGY
DIVISION OF MARINE DESIGN
When, where, how and why
the academy should develop a closer relationship with the
marine industry?
Inaugural lecture - Professor of the Practice
Bengt Ramne
Chalmers University of Technology
Department of Shipping and Marine Technology
Division of Marine Design
Gothenburg, Sweden
2014-01-21
Bengt Ramne
p. 2
SHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGY
DIVISION OF MARINE DESIGN
…. but first a completely different question
• Who am I?
2014-01-21
Bengt Ramne
p. 3
SHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGY
DIVISION OF MARINE DESIGN
The academy should develop a closer relationship with the marine industry
• Why?
– Evolve or die!
•
•
•
•
Enhance the competiveness of the marine industry
Reduce the environmental impact
Feed back from the industry to identify area of relevance
Contribute to a broader knowledge-base for students and researchers
• How?
– Create applied development projects
• Where?
– What about here?
• When?
– What about now?
2014-01-21
Bengt Ramne
p. 4
SHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGY
DIVISION OF MARINE DESIGN
Fuel consumption and CO2 emissions
Annual Emissions / consumption
1400
1200
1320
1122
Million tons
1000
800
Road traffic
Aviation
600
Shipping
400
280
200
222
178
207
0
CO2 (Mt C)
Fuel consumption
Source: Eyring et al. J Geophys Res 110 (2005) compiled by Erik Fridell IVL
2007
2014-01-21
Bengt Ramne
p. 5
SHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGY
DIVISION OF MARINE DESIGN
NOx, SOx and PM emissions
Annual Emissions
9
8.3
8
7
6.5
6
Millin tons
6
5
Road traffic
Aviation
4
Shipping
3
2.2
2.1
1.7
2
1
0.71
0.0075
0.001
SO2 (Mt S)
PM10
0
NOx (Mt N)
Source: Eyring et al. J Geophys Res 110 (2005) compiled by Erik Fridell IVL
2007
2014-01-21
Bengt Ramne
p. 6
SHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGY
DIVISION OF MARINE DESIGN
4,00%
3,50%
3,00%
2,50%
2,00%
3,50%
1,50%
1,00%
1,00%
0,50%
0,10%
0,00%
2014-01-21
0,005%
0,001%
Bengt Ramne
p. 7
SHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGY
DIVISION OF MARINE DESIGN
2014-01-21
Bengt Ramne
p. 8
SHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGY
DIVISION OF MARINE DESIGN
The academy should develop a closer relationship with the marine industry
• Why?
– Evolve or die!
•
•
•
•
Enhance the competiveness of the marine industry
Reduce the environmental impact
Feed back from the industry to identify area of relevance
Contribute to a broader knowledge-base for students and researchers
• How?
– Create applied development projects
• Where?
– What about here?
• When?
– What about now?
2014-01-21
Bengt Ramne
p. 9
SHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGY
DIVISION OF MARINE DESIGN
Applied development projects
• Engines and fuels
2014-01-21
Bengt Ramne
p. 10
SHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGY
DIVISION OF MARINE DESIGN
Alternative Marine Fuel - Feedstock and products
Crude oil
Refining
Natural gas
Cooling
-163C
Bio Gas
Anaerobic
digestion
Reformation
CH4 + H2O →
CO + 3 H2
CO + H2O →
CO2 + H2
Residuals
HFO
Distillates
MGO
Coal
Biomass
Municipal
waste
Solar
Hydro
Wind
Gasification
Electrolysis of water
C + ½O2 → CO
C + H2O → CO + H2
H2O → H2 + ½O2
CO + H2O → CO2 + H2
CO2 + C → 2CO
Carbon capture
CO2
LNG
Nuclear
Syngas
Hydrogen + Carbon monoxide (H2 + CO)
Methanol
DME
Direct synthesis, using a dual catalyst system
Fixed bed reactor process (Haldor Topsö)
Slurry bed reactor process (JFE, Air Products and
Chemicals)
CO + 2H2 → CH3OH
CO2 + 3H2 → CH3OH +H2O
CO2 + H2 → CO +H2O
Gas to liquid - GTL
Fischer Tropsch
Cracking
Paraffin
Naptha
Diesel
DME
Dehydration of methanol
2CH3OH → CH3OCH3 + H2O
DME to
liquid
Mobile
process
HFO ICE
Fuel
Diesel
fuel
MGO ICE
Fuel
Diesel fuel
LNG ICE/FC
Fuel
Otto fuel
Methanol
ICE/FC Fuel
Otto fuel
Requires spark Requires spark
ignition or
ignition ,dual
dual fuel
fuel or
methanol –
diesel engine
2014-01-21
Synthetic
petrol
Otto fuel
DME ICE Fuel
Paraffin
Naptha
Diesel
Hydrogen as
ICE/FC Fuel
Diesel fuel
ScandiNAOS/BR 2011-03-23
Bengt Ramne
p. 11
SHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGY
DIVISION OF MARINE DESIGN
SPIRETH - Stena Scanrail
2014-01-21
SPIRETH – 2013-11-26
Bengt Ramne
p. 14
SHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGY
DIVISION OF MARINE DESIGN
2CH3OH → CH3OCH3 + H2O
Liquid
methanol
Temp increase to 200 C
Catalytic reactor approx 90% conversion
Modified diesel engine
Does not work as diesel fuel
Pressure increase to 16 bar
Service tank
1600 L DME
260 L Water
140 L Methanol
One phase liquide at 13 bar
2014-01-21
SPIRETH – 2013-11-26
Bengt Ramne
p. 15
Wärtsilä Dual Fuel Concept for Methanol
SHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGY
DIVISION OF MARINE DESIGN
Methanol or Gas - Diesel
Picture from Wärtsilä
2014-01-21
FKAB Kontaktknytarkväll 2011-10-06
Bengt Ramne
p. 17
SHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGY
DIVISION OF MARINE DESIGN
Methanol new buildings
Six 50 000 dwt Chemical Tankers
MAN S50ME-B9.3-LGI
Two stroke high pressure gas (methanol) engine
2014-01-21
Bengt Ramne
p. 19
SHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGY
DIVISION OF MARINE DESIGN
2014-01-21
Bengt Ramne
p. 21
SHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGY
DIVISION OF MARINE DESIGN
Wärtsilä RT-flex50DF
Two stroke low pressure gas (methanol) engine
2014-01-21
22 Ramne
Bengt
p. 22
SHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGY
DIVISION OF MARINE DESIGN
Engine-fuel possibilities to consider
• DME (diesel)
• Gas/Methanol-Diesel (diesel)
• Spark ignition (otto)
• Dual Fuel – (otto /diesel)
• Two stroke high pressure LGI (diesel)
• Two stroke low pressure (otto)
• Partial premix combustion (otto/diesel)
• Ignition enhancer
2014-01-21
Bengt Ramne
p. 24
SHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGY
DIVISION OF MARINE DESIGN
Applied development projects
fuel and engine technology
•
Alternative fuelled marine engines
– Development and evaluation of alternative engine technologies
– Development and evaluation of components like fuel pumps, injection valves, glow plugs etc.
– Development of retrofit kits for existing engines
•
Gas based marine fuels – especially methanol
– Development of the fuels as such with regards to ignition properties, lubrication ability, safety
aspects etc
•
Alternative fuel – sustainably produced
– Improved production methods out of a wide range of feedstock.
– Carbon Capture and Recycling
– Methanol produced out of fossil free produced hydrogen and captured carbon dioxide
•
2014-01-21
Life cycle analysis
Bengt Ramne
p. 25
SHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGY
DIVISION OF MARINE DESIGN
Applied development projects
• Engines and fuels
• Energy efficiency, saving, recovery and conversion
2014-01-21
Bengt Ramne
p. 26
SHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGY
DIVISION OF MARINE DESIGN
Efficiency - priorities
1. Logistic system
–
Utilization of ship
2. Selection of main parameters
–
Capacity and speed
3. Cargo handling
–
Time in port, speed at sea
4. Operation routines
–
5.
6.
7.
8.
2014-01-21
Speed profile, weather routing
Hull shape
Propeller size and propeller design
Main engine selection
Energy preservation and recovery
Bengt Ramne
p. 27
SHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGY
DIVISION OF MARINE DESIGN
M/S Credo
Main particulars
Length over all
Breath mld
Depth mld
Draught
Deadweight
Cargo
Cranes
Gross tonnage
Net tonnage
Main Engines
Aux Engines
Flag
Built
2014-01-21
159
24,6
13,5
9,4
21353
25 667
3x38 t at 28 m
16 690
6 548
Sulzer 6RT-flex50, 9720 kW
Wärtsilä 4L20 3x750 kW
Swedish
2006 Shanghai, H134
m
m
m
m
t
m3
Bengt Ramne
p. 28
SHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGY
DIVISION OF MARINE DESIGN
Energy saving potential - housekeeping
Annual fuel consumption approx 5 000 ton
ton MGO
100
95
90
1.9%
80
70
60
50
40
30
38
0.8%
20
10
2014-01-21
12.5
13
0.25%
0.25%
5
0.1%
Pums and fans,
small
Pums and fans,
large
Lighting
Tapp water
heating
Engine stand by
heating
7.6
0.15%
Hotel Heating
Bengt Ramne
p. 29
SHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGY
DIVISION OF MARINE DESIGN
Shaft power output 49.3%
2014-01-21
Heat radiation 0.6%
Air cooler 14.1%
Exhaust gas 25.4%
Jacket water cooler 6.3%
Lube oil cooler 4.3%
Energy recovery and conversion
Fuel energy
content
100%
Bengt Ramne
p. 30
SHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGY
DIVISION OF MARINE DESIGN
Energy recovery and conversion
Organic Rankin Cycle - ORC
ORC
Turbine
EGB
Generator
Thermal oil or steam
Evaporator
250kW
Condenser
2014-01-21
Bengt Ramne
p. 31
SHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGY
DIVISION OF MARINE DESIGN
2014-01-21
32 Ramne
Bengt
p. 32
SHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGY
Energy recovery and transformation
2014-01-21
DIVISION OF MARINE DESIGN
Bengt Ramne
p. 33
SHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGY
DIVISION OF MARINE DESIGN
Thermodynamics
2014-01-21
Bengt Ramne
p. 34
SHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGY
DIVISION OF MARINE DESIGN
Fluid dynamics
Screw expander
2014-01-21
Radial expansion turbine
Bengt Ramne
p. 35
SHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGY
DIVISION OF MARINE DESIGN
Heat transfer
Exhaust gas boiler
2014-01-21
Tube and shell
Plate
Bengt Ramne
p. 36
SHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGY
DIVISION OF MARINE DESIGN
Pumps
Centrifugal pump
Screw pump
Piston pump
Membrane pump
2014-01-21
Bengt Ramne
p. 37
SHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGY
DIVISION OF MARINE DESIGN
Valves
Butterfly valve
2014-01-21
Gate valve
Ball valve
Globe valve
Bengt Ramne
p. 38
SHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGY
DIVISION OF MARINE DESIGN
Applied development projects
Energy efficiency, saving, recovery and conversion
• Housekeeping
• Energy Recovery
• Energy conversion
• System integration
2014-01-21
Bengt Ramne
p. 39
SHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGY
DIVISION OF MARINE DESIGN
Applied development projects
• Engines and fuels
• Energy efficiency, saving, recovery and conversion
• Sail assisted propulsion
2014-01-21
Bengt Ramne
p. 40
SHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGY
DIVISION OF MARINE DESIGN
M/T Excello
Main particulars
1 100 m2 Telescopic Sail
2014-01-21
Bengt Ramne
p. 41
SHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGY
DIVISION OF MARINE DESIGN
EffShip Panamax with rotors and sails
Rotor projected area 530 m2
Kite area 640 m2
Sail projected area 3550 m2
2014-01-21
Bengt Ramne
p. 42
SHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGY
DIVISION OF MARINE DESIGN
2014-01-21
43 Ramne
Bengt
p. 43
Reduction of propulsion power for a Panamax tanker
for different sail alternatives
SHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGY
DIVISION OF MARINE DESIGN
Ship speed 12 knots, wind speed 9 m/s
130%
As built
120%
Rotors (4 rotors d=4.7 m h= 28 m)
Rotors if not folded
Relative redcution in propulsion power
110%
EffSail telescopic and foldable (total sail area 3500m2)
Kite 640 m2
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
0
30
60
90
120
150
180
true wind direction (degr)
2014-01-21
Bengt Ramne
p. 44
SHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGY
DIVISION OF MARINE DESIGN
Shipping route Rotterdam Caracass
saving
all year/winter %
ship speed (kn)
12
14
16
2014-01-21
sail
21/24
17/20
12/14
rotor
15/17
13/15
9/10
kite
9/10
6/7
Bengt Ramne
p. 45
SHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGY
DIVISION OF MARINE DESIGN
Applied development projects
Sail assisted propulsion
• Sail profile optimisation
• Sail material
• Rig structural optimization
• Rig manoeuvring mechanics
• Sail control system
• Rules and regulations
2014-01-21
Bengt Ramne
p. 46
SHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGY
DIVISION OF MARINE DESIGN
Applied development projects
•
•
•
•
2014-01-21
Engines and fuels
Energy efficiency, saving, recovery and conversion
Sail assisted propulsion
Emission abatement technology
Bengt Ramne
p. 47
SHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGY
DIVISION OF MARINE DESIGN
Applied development projects
Emission abatements technologis
2014-01-21
Bengt Ramne
p. 48
SHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGY
DIVISION OF MARINE DESIGN
Applied development projects
•
•
•
•
•
2014-01-21
Engines and fuels
Energy efficiency, saving, recovery and conversion
Sail assisted propulsion
Emission abatement technology
Offshore installations
Bengt Ramne
p. 49
SHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGY
DIVISION OF MARINE DESIGN
2014-01-21
Bengt Ramne
p. 50
SHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGY
DIVISION OF MARINE DESIGN
2014-01-21
51 Ramne
Bengt
p. 51
SHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGY
DIVISION OF MARINE DESIGN
The academy should develop a closer relationship with the marine industry
• Why?
– Evolve or die!
•
•
•
•
Enhance the competiveness of the marine industry
Reduce the environmental impact
Feed back from the industry to identify area of relevance
Contribute to a broader knowledge-base for students and researchers
• How?
– Create applied development projects
• Where?
– What about here?
• When?
– What about now?
2014-01-21
Bengt Ramne
p. 52
SHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGY
DIVISION OF MARINE DESIGN
Good conditions for a close relation between the
academy and the marine industry
MAN
GESAB
Volvo Penta
S-MAN
Gotenius
TTS Ships
Equipment
Bergs
Propulsion
Transatlantic
Chalmers
Ö-varvet
DNV
Wärtsilä
Cityvarvet
GVAC
Göteborg
Energi
FKAB
PREEM
Stena
ACL
Cobelfret
Lloyds Register
Svensk
Sjöfarts
tidning
Gothia Marine
Stora Enso
Basstech
Cargotech
DFDS
ScandiNAOS
Port of
Gothenburg
SOL
Sjöfartsverket
Sjöfartens
analysinstitut
Ide Marine
Canopus
Marinvest
BRAX shipping
SSPA
Melship
Gothenburg
Chartering
Breakwater
Publishing
Furetank
Swedia
Donsötank
2014-01-21
Älvtank
Donsö
Veritas tankers
Bunker service
Sirius
Ektank
Laurin Maritime
DEC
Bengt Ramne
p. 53
SHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGY
DIVISION OF MARINE DESIGN
The academy should develop a closer relationship with the marine industry
• Why?
– Evolve or die!
•
•
•
•
Enhance the competiveness of the marine industry
Reduce the environmental impact
Feed back from the industry to identify area of relevance
Contribute to a broader knowledge-base for students and researchers
• How?
– Create applied development projects
• Where?
– What about here?
• When?
– What about now?
2014-01-21
Bengt Ramne
p. 54
SHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGY
DIVISION OF MARINE DESIGN
Why now is a good time to get started
• The need is great
– Upcoming emission rules
– Increased fuel cost
– Actions are desperately need to get on track to the 2020 and 2050
environmental targets
• EU and the Swedish Government has acknowledge the need to
support development in the marine sector
– TEN-T
– Horizon 2020
– Strategiska innovationsområde (SIO)
• The Swedish Shipowners Association has a compiled a long list of
urgent projects
2014-01-21
Bengt Ramne
p. 55
SHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGY
DIVISION OF MARINE DESIGN
Which project to get started with?
2014-01-21
Bengt Ramne
p. 56
SHIPPING AND MARINE TECHNOLOGY
DIVISION OF MARINE DESIGN
Thank you for listening
2014-01-21
Bengt Ramne
p. 57