Transcript No Slide Title

Water Safety
Conference 2010
S. Kunikane, K. Toshiki, K. Suenaga, Md. R. K. Razu and K. Kawahara
Dissemination of an Integrated Approach
to Arsenic Mitigation in Bangladesh
Scope of this study
Objective

To consider a better way of assistance in water
supply development
Method

Review of an experience on an integrated approach
to arsenic mitigation, and its follow-up and
dissemination in Bangladesh through literature
review, interviews and field surveys
Water Safety Conference
November 2-4 2010, Kuching, Malaysia
Profile of Bangladesh
Parameter
Population
Land area
Population density
Per capita annual income
Life expectancy
Infant mortality
Population having access to
improved water supply
Population having access to
improved sanitation
Data
156 million
144,000km2
982 persons/km2
US$450
64
54/1,000 births
Year
2006
74%
2004
39%
2004
2006
2006
2004
Water Safety Conference
November 2-4 2010, Kuching, Malaysia
Groundwater
arsenic
contamination
in Bangladesh
Nationwide
contamination
 Arsenic from natural
sources
 Estimated arsenicosis
cases of
approximately 38,000

Water Safety Conference
November 2-4 2010, Kuching, Malaysia
Arsenicosis patients in Bangladesh
Symptoms such as melanosis,
keratosis, skin lesion, Bowen’s
disease and cancer
 Health impact accelerated
with poverty and malnutrition

Water Safety Conference
November 2-4 2010, Kuching, Malaysia
JICA/AAN Projects
Item
Name
AM Project
SAM-ILGS Project
Integrated Approach for
Sustainable Arsenic
Mitigation of Arsenic
Mitigation under
Contamination of
Integrated Local
Drinking Water in
Government System in
Bangladesh
Jessore
Duration
Target areas
Jan 2002～Dec 2004
Sharsha Upazila
Dec 2005～Dec 2008
Sharsha and
Chowgacha Upazilas
Beneficiaries
About 20,000
About 35,250
Water Safety Conference
November 2-4 2010, Kuching, Malaysia
Integrated approach in the JICA/AAN Projects
Activity
Awareness raising
Community development
Installation of safe drinking water
supply facilities
Support of arsenicosis patient
Involvement and training of DPHE
staffs
Involvement and training of Upazila
Health Complex staffs
Organization and Support of AMCs
AM
Project
Yes
Yes
SAM-ILGS
Project
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
Water Safety Conference
November 2-4 2010, Kuching, Malaysia
Framework of maintenance and monitoring
of community based water sources
DPHE Mechanics/
Health workers
Union AMC
•Technical support
Local
mechanics
▪Repair of water devices
User
Committee
•Activate inactive User Committee
•Advice to solve social problems
•Request DPHE Mechanics and Health
workers to provide User Committee
with technical support
•Arsenic test with field kit
•Daily and routine maintenance
•Petty repair
•Water quality monitoring
•Monthly report to unions on safe water option status
(i.e. monthly fee collection, accounts, meetings,
water quality, water level, and sanitary inspection)
Water Safety Conference
November 2-4 2010, Kuching, Malaysia
The types of safe water supply facilities
installed in the JICA/AAN Projects
 Deep
Tube Well (DTW)
 Pond Sand Filter (PSF)
 Dug Well Sand Filter (DWSF)
 Arsenic Iron Removal Plant (AIRP)
 Piped Water Supply System (PWSS)
Water Safety Conference
November 2-4 2010, Kuching, Malaysia
The result of arsenicosis patient identification
in Chowgacha and Sharsha Upazilas
(unit: cases)
Upazila
Chowgacha
Sharsha
Total
NonSuspected Confirmed
arsenicosis
Patients
Patients
Patients
(A)
(B)
(C)
A–B–C
1,300
687
571
42
843
478
356
9
2,143
1,165
927
51
Note) Figures as of 30th September 2008
Water Safety Conference
November 2-4 2010, Kuching, Malaysia
The condition of patient’s health
at the end of the SAM-ILGS Project
Upazila
Patient
Improved
Not
changed
Deteriorated
Chowgacha
687
(100%)
335
(49%)
332
(48%)
20
(3%)
478
(100%)
1,165
(100%)
185
(39%)
520
(45%)
254
(53%)
586
(50%)
39
(8%)
59
(5%)
Sharsha
Total
Water Safety Conference
November 2-4 2010, Kuching, Malaysia
Follow-up and dissemination program*
Target areas
2 Upazila
•Chowgacha
•Sharsha
Activities
• Follow-up of SAM-ILGS
Project, and
• Dissemination of an integrated
approach to arsenic mitigation
• Dissemination of an integrated
approach to arsenic mitigation
6 Upazila
•Abhaynagar
•Bagherpara
•Jhikargacha
•Keshabpur
•Manirampur
•Sadar
*From January 2009 to March 2011 under the funding of JICA
Water Safety Conference
November 2-4 2010, Kuching, Malaysia
Progress of follow-up program
72 User Committees: Chowgacha
Regular Maintenance
Money Collection
Inactive SWD
%
Meeting
Report to Union
100
80
60
40
20
0
Oct-08
Jan-09
SAM-ILGS Project
Apr-09
Jul-09
Follow-up
Oct-09
Jan-10
Apr-10
Follow-up & Dissemination
Water Safety Conference
November 2-4 2010, Kuching, Malaysia
Progress of follow-up program
9 Unions: Chowgacha
AMC Meeting
Arsenic FK test
SWD plan
%
Support for UC
Report to Upazila
100
80
60
40
20
0
Oct-08
Jan-09
SAM-ILGS Project
Apr-09
Jul-09
Follow-up
Oct-09
Jan-10
Apr-10
Follow-up & Dissemination
Water Safety Conference
November 2-4 2010, Kuching, Malaysia
General procedure of dissemination program
1) Communication with Upazila administration
2) Meeting with Union Chairmen
3) Organization of an Upazila orientation program
4) Organization of a Union orientation program
5) Purchase of one arsenic field test kit for each Union by Upazila’s
own budget
6) Exchange-visit program (3 times)
7) Capacity building, awareness raising, doctors/health assistants
training, technical training of DPHE staffs, and arsenic test
training at Union level
8) Development of a safe water supply facility (if any budget is
available)
Water Safety Conference
November 2-4 2010, Kuching, Malaysia
Unit cost of dissemination program
(Per one Upazila)
Item
Cost
AMC organization and its orientation
TK 100,000
Training medical doctors and health assistants
TK 50,000
Training of DPHE staffs
TK 15,000
Exchange visits
TK 50,000
Awareness raising (rally, fair, etc.)
TK 50,000
Total
TK 265,000
Water Safety Conference
November 2-4 2010, Kuching, Malaysia
Safe water supply facility installation
in dissemination program
An
example in Hayetpur Village,
Patibila Union
Completed in October 2009
Initiative of community residents
Construction cost TK 75,000
funded by LGSP budget*
Two
more facilities are under
planning at present
*) LGSP stands for Local Government Support Program which is
financially supported by World Bank. Total LGSP budget allocated to
Patibila Union in 2008-2009 was TK 500,000.
Water Safety Conference
November 2-4 2010, Kuching, Malaysia
Key steps for new safe water supply facility
installation in Patibila Union
1) Villagers’ request for installing a safe water supply facility
2) Decision of Union Parishad (council) to provide budget
3) The organization of Para (local community)
4) DPHE’s suitability test and certification on installing an AIRP
5) Cost estimation and facility design by DPHE
6) Construction budget allocation by Union Parishad
7) Purchase of construction materials with DPHE’s technical
support
8) Facility construction
9) Water quality test by Union Parishad followed by UP’s
permission to use the facility
Water Safety Conference
November 2-4 2010, Kuching, Malaysia
Conclusions
 Importance
of continued support for
ensuring drinking water safety
 Installation
of a safe drinking water supply
facility with local initiatives under the
support of a dissemination program as a
new possibility of assistance in Bangladesh
Water Safety Conference
November 2-4 2010, Kuching, Malaysia
Acknowledgement
The authors express their gratitude to
-DPHE,
-LGD and the local government of Jossore District,
-residents in the target areas of the AM and SAM-ILGS
Projects,
-JICA,
-all the staffs of the JICA/AAN projects,
-all the staffs of LGD-JICA Follow-up and
Dissemination Program of SAM-ILGS Project, and
-all other people concerned.
Water Safety Conference
November 2-4 2010, Kuching, Malaysia
Thank you for your attention!
Water Safety Conference
November 2-4 2010, Kuching, Malaysia