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Materials for SOFC
technologies
Franciszek Krok
Faculty of Physics,
Warsaw University of Technology
Scientific network:
Sustainable Energy Systems
Thematic subnet: Energy conversion and storage
Partners:
Warsaw University of Technology (PW), Warszawa
- Faculty of Physics (WF PW)
- Faculty of Chemistry (WCh PW)
Academy of Mining and Metallurgy (AGH), Kraków
- Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics (WIMiC AGH)
Technical University of Gdańsk (PG), Gdańsk
- Faculty of Applied Physics and Mathematics (FTiMS PG)
- Faculty of Chemistry (WCh PG)
Technical University of Poznań (PP), Poznań
- Faculty of Electrical Engeenering (WE PP)
Polish Academy of Science (PAN)
- Institute of Molecular Physics (IFM), Poznań
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research (INTiBS), Wrocław
- Institute of Physical Chemistry (ICHF), Warszawa
Thematic Subnet:
ENERGY CONVERSION AND STORAGE
Research activity:
In general the area of interest is concentated on topics closley related to novel
materials used in energy conversion and storage devices. The new ionic
conductors are studied in terms of their application as potential solid
electrolytes in fuel cells and lithium and lithium ion batteries. Also the mixed
ionic-electronic conductors are studied as potential electrode materials in
these devices
solid electrolytes:
oxide ion conductors (WF PW)
lithium ion conductors (WCh PW, WCh PG, WF PW)
protonic conductors (WCh PW, WF PW, IFM PAN, INTiBS PAN)
electrode materials
(WIMiC AGH, FTIMS PG, WF PW, ICHF PAN)
TYPE OF MATERIALS: crystalline, glasses, nanomaterials, polymers, gels
Thematic Subnet:
ENERGY CONVERSION AND STORAGE
European Projects
CEPHOMA
WF PW
SMART
WF PW
GETRADEE
WE PP
PROCO
IFM PAN
GLASSIC
FTiMS PG
SELIBAT
AGH
OBAST
INTiBS PAN
ALISTAR
WCh PW
CEPHOMA: Project scope and goals
Challenges
CEPHOMA activity is concentrated on topics closely related to novel materials
used in energy conversion and storage devices. Two main pillars of that activity
are: photovoltaics (conversion of solar energy to electricity) and solid state
ionics (conversion of chemical energy to electrical one or vice versa).
Objectivities
The main objective of the CEPHOMA Centre is to promote closer cooperation of
scientists from Poland and other EU countries, active in the field of photovoltaics
and physics of materials for novel energy sources.
Important aspect of the Centre activity is its networking to leading EU research
institutions within European Research Area (ERA) to enable joining projects
within the 6th Framework Programme of the European Union.
Very important goal of the Centre is training of PhD students and young
scientists in Centre’s as well as partner’s laboratories.
SOFC
Configuration:
•
Planar
•
Tubular (Siemens-Westinghouse)
General requirements:
•
Electrolyte – nonporous material, pure ionic conductivity
•
Electrodes – porous material,
mixed ionic and
electronic conductivity
•
Interconnector –
electronic conductor
SOFC
Target:
1 kW/l and 1 kW/kg
ASR (combined area specific resistivity) < 0.5 Ω cm2
Ideally 0.1 Ωcm2
SOFC
HT SOFC
(~1000oC)
electrolyte
cathode
anode
interconector
Zr(Y)O2 (YSZ)
La(Sr)MnO3 (LSM)
Ni - YSZ
La(Sr)CrO3
IT SOFC (500 – 700oC)
1) Based on YSZ electrolyte:
thin layer YSZ (eg.15μm0.15 Ω cm2 at 700oC)
2) Based on alternative electrolyte materials:
a) Ce(Gd)O2 – (CGO)
(15 μm0.15 Ω cm2 at 500oC)
problems: reduction ( Ce4+Ce3+ )  electronic conductivity
matching (eg. anode Ni – CGO)
b) La(Sr)Ga(Mg)O3 – (LSGM)
problems: difficulties to get single phase
c) Bi2O3 based oxide ion conductors
problems: reduction at low pO2 atmosphere
Bi - based oxide ion conductors
Fluoryte type cubic structure
MO2 (eg. ZrO2)
Zr1-xCaxO2-x (□)x
Zr1-xYxO2-3/2x(□)x
Bi O1.5 □0.5
Mo
O3
O2
O1
Bi2O3 + MoO3  Bi2MoO6  (Bi2O2)2+ (MoO4)2-
Bi
Bi2O3 + V2O5  Bi2VO5.5  (Bi2O2)2+(VO3.5 0.5)2-
INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION
1.
Structural Chemistry Group, Queen Mary, University of
London, UK
2.
Department of Chemistry, University of Surrey, UK
3.
Laboratoire de Cristallochemie et Physicochemie du Solide
Ecole Nationale Superiere de Lille, France
4.
Delft Institute for Sustainable Energy, Delft University of
Technology, The Netherlands
5.
Institute fur Technishe Eelectrochemie und
Festkorperchemie, Technische Universitat Wien, Austria
6.
Institute fur Physicalische Chemie, Universitat Munster,
Germany