Transcript Simultaneous EEG and EMG Biofeedback for Peak Performance

Conjunct COST B27 and SAN
Scientific Meeting,
Swansea, UK, 16-18 September 2006
Simultaneous EEG and EMG
Biofeedback for Peak
Performance in Musicians
N.Pop-Jordanova, O.Bazanova*, D. Georgiev**, A.Kondratenko***,
O.Kondratenko***, S.Markovska-Simoska**, J.Mernaya*
Faculty of Medicine, Skopje
*Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Novosibirsk
**Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Skopje
*** Macedonian Music Academy, Skopje
The title,
the affiliation
the aim
Russia
Macedonia
Alpha EEG/EMG BFB in musicians; COST B27 Meeting, Swansea, UK, 2006
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"Never must your fingers stand in the way of your artistic
interpretation,"
Carl Czerny
STATEMENTS
The EMG and EEG
features of musical
performance skills
Biofeedback
for musical performance
skills
• Musical performance skills
rely on cognitive
processes of awareness
and optimal muscle
activation without
increasing the tension of
muscles which do not
participate in the
execution.
(Bernstein, 1967)
Skilled musicians use much less motor
areas of brain than non musicians
(Lotze M. & al. 2003)
Alpha EEG/EMG BFB in musicians; COST B27 Meeting, Swansea, UK, 2006
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The electrophysiological indices of
OPTIMAL functioning of musician-performer
60
mean change %
40
20
nonmusicians
0
students
-20
skilled
musicians
-40
-60
-80
Alpha Power
Int EMG
(Petsche & Etlinger, 1998, Hassler 2000, Bazanova & al 2003,
Bazanova &Kondratenko, 2005)
Biofeedback in training for
musical performance
EMG - Biofeedback
reduces on target
muscle tension of
musicians performers
Theta/alpha training for
musicality
Egner,Gruzeleir 2003
(Hale,1981; Zinn et Zinn,
2003; Paterson et al 2005)
Biofeedback signal
EEG
Sensors
Monitor
presentation
Interface
EMG Sensors
Alpha EEG/EMG BFB in musicians; COST B27 Meeting, Swansea, UK, 2006
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Alpha peculiarities
(Kaiser, 2001; Hanslmayr et al., 2005)
Alpha EEG/EMG BFB in musicians; COST B27 Meeting, Swansea, UK, 2006
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AIMS
1 1
3
22
Alpha EEG/EMG BFB in musicians; COST B27 Meeting, Swansea, UK, 2006
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AIMS
To compare responses of musicians with high and
low individual alpha peak frequency to usual
practice and practice combined with long term
simultaneous individual alpha increasing and EMG
decreasing biofeedback training.
To investigate the impact of alpha-EEG/EMG
biofeedback on electrophysiological and
psychometric parameters in musicians.
Alpha EEG/EMG BFB in musicians; COST B27 Meeting, Swansea, UK, 2006
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Methods
Participants
Procedure
Data analysis
Biofeedback
Alpha EEG/EMG BFB in musicians; COST B27 Meeting, Swansea, UK, 2006
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Control
Group(23)
Experimental
group(28)
IAPF
low
≤10Hz
high
>10Hz
low
≤10Hz
high
>10Hz
total
12
11
14
14
male
5
4
6
6
female
7
7
8
8
piano
4
3
5
6
wind inst.
3
3
4
4
violin
5
4
5
3
viola
1
Alpha EEG/EMG BFB in musicians; COST B27 Meeting, Swansea, UK, 2006
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Psychometric
tests
Concert
performance
Practicing
Alpha-EEG/EMG
Biofeedback
Psychometric
tests
Concert
performance
Alpha EEG/EMG BFB in musicians; COST B27 Meeting, Swansea, UK, 2006
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Procedure
Experimental group
(BFB)
Low IAPF
≤10HZ
High IAPF
>10 Hz
Control group
Low IAPF
≤10HZ
High IAPF
>10 Hz
Interview, Psychometric tests
Concert – (Performance)
EEG-EMG status monitoring
Usual musical practice
ALPHA-EMG BFB
EEG-EMG status monitoring
Interview, Psychometric tests
Concert – (Performance)
Alpha EEG/EMG BFB in musicians; COST B27 Meeting, Swansea, UK, 2006
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Psychometric instruments
• Spielberger State and Trait Anxiety
Inventory
• Rheinberg Self-actualization Inventory
Alpha EEG/EMG BFB in musicians; COST B27 Meeting, Swansea, UK, 2006
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Procedure
Experimental group
(BFB)
Low IAPF
≤10HZ
High IAPF
>10 Hz
Control group
Low IAPF
≤10HZ
High IAPF
>10 Hz
Interview, Psychometric tests
Concert – (Performance)
EEG-EMG status monitoring
Usual musical practice
ALPHA-EMG BFB
EEG-EMG status monitoring
Interview, Psychometric tests
Concert – (Performance)
Alpha EEG/EMG BFB in musicians; COST B27 Meeting, Swansea, UK, 2006
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Concert performance
• Double blind expert
evaluation
– video
– unknown students
• Criteria
technique
quality of sound
rhythm
creativity
musicality
intonation
Procedure
Experimental group
(BFB)
Low IAPF
≤10HZ
High IAPF
>10 Hz
Control group
Low IAPF
≤10HZ
High IAPF
>10 Hz
Interview, Psychometric tests
Concert – (Performance)
EEG-EMG status monitoring
Usual musical practice
ALPHA-EMG BFB
EEG-EMG status monitoring
Interview, Psychometric tests
Concert – (Performance)
Alpha EEG/EMG BFB in musicians; COST B27 Meeting, Swansea, UK, 2006
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Psychometric
tests
Concert
performance
Practicing
Alpha-EEG/EMG
Biofeedback
Psychometric
tests
Concert
performance
Alpha EEG/EMG BFB in musicians; COST B27 Meeting, Swansea, UK, 2006
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Twice per week during two months:
Alpha-EEG/EMG
BFB with practice
Experimental group
Usual practice
Control group
Alpha-EMG Biofeedback
EEG
EMG
Arrows directed up and down indicate successful episodes of meeting
training criteria.
Successful periods
Alpha Power
EMG Power
successful
unsuccessful
Alpha EEG/EMG BFB in musicians; COST B27 Meeting, Swansea, UK, 2006
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Methods.
Alpha activity EEG analysis
Alpha EEG/EMG BFB in musicians; COST B27 Meeting, Swansea, UK, 2006
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Methods.
Alpha activity EEG analysis
IAPF
Individual Alpha Peak Frequency
IABW
Individual Alpha Band Width
IAAS
Individual Amount Alpha Suppression
Alpha EEG/EMG BFB in musicians; COST B27 Meeting, Swansea, UK, 2006
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Methods.
Alpha activity EEG analysis
Eyes closed condition
for IAPF
Eyes open vs. eyes
closed condition
for IABW and IAAS
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Methods: Alpha activity EEG analysis
Individual Alpha Band Width (IABW)
Cut-off criteria = 20%
 Poweroe -Powerce 

%
Powerce


Alpha EEG/EMG BFB in musicians; COST B27 Meeting, Swansea, UK, 2006
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Methods: Alpha activity EEG analysis
Individual Alpha Band Width (IABW)
Alpha EEG/EMG BFB in musicians; COST B27 Meeting, Swansea, UK, 2006
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Methods: Alpha activity EEG analysis
Individual Amount of Alpha Suppression (IAAS)
 Poweroe -Powerce 

%
Powerce


Alpha EEG/EMG BFB in musicians; COST B27 Meeting, Swansea, UK, 2006
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Methods.
EMG analysis
Raw EMG
Int EMG
IEMG – Integrated EMG, averaged over 100ms
Alpha EEG/EMG BFB in musicians; COST B27 Meeting, Swansea, UK, 2006
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Methods:Statistical analysis
Measurements
ANOVA/MANOVA designs
EEG indices – Alpha
power, IAPF, IABW,
IAAS
Four-way repeated measures ANOVAs: Group (Control;
BFB)_ IAPF (<10Hz, ≥10Hz)_ PrePost (pre-Pr, post-Pr, preBFB, post-BFB)_ Localization (F3, F4, C3, C4, P3, P4, O1,
O2)
Coherence
Four-way repeated measures ANOVAs: Group (Control;
BFB)_ IAPF (<10Hz, ≥10Hz)_ PrePost (pre-Pr, post-Pr, preBFB, post-BFB)_ Localization (F3-F4, F3-C3, F3-F4, F3-P3,
F3-P4, F3-O1, F3-O2)
IntEMG
Three-way repeated measures ANOVAs: Group (Control;
BFB)_ IAPF (<10Hz, ≥10Hz)_ PrePost (pre-Pr, post-Pr, preBFB, post-BFB)
State anxiety, Trait
anxiety,
Self actualization
Expert estimation
scores
Three-way repeated measures ANOVAs: Group (Control;
BFB)_ IAPF (<10Hz, ≥10Hz)_ PrePost (pre-Pr, post-Pr, preBFB, post-BFB)
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RESULTS
Comparison of
musicians with high
and low IAPF
Impact of usual
practice and
alpha-EEG/EMG
BFB
Results:
Difference between Low and High IAPF
groups in baseline conditions
Expert estimation
10
8
*
6
* *
4
low IAPF
high IAPF
creativity
sound
quality
musicality
rhythm
intonation
0
technique
2
Alpha EEG/EMG BFB in musicians; COST B27 Meeting, Swansea, UK, 2006
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Results:
Difference between Low and High IAPF
groups in baseline conditions
Psychometric scores
100
80
*
60
40
20
0
State anxiety
Trait anxiety
Selfactualization
Alpha EEG/EMG BFB in musicians; COST B27 Meeting, Swansea, UK, 2006
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Results:
Difference between Low and High IAPF groups in
baseline conditions
EEG and EMG indices
low
≤10Hz
high
>10Hz
76
79
t = 0.78, n.s.
IABW (Hz)
4.43±0.83
3.57±0.79
t = 0.95, n.s.
Alpha power
(µV2)
21.23±4.57
18.58±7.55
t = 2.87 , n.s.
Coherence in
Alpha
0.68±0.07
0.78±0.04
t = 4.34; p = 0.045
16.7± 4.13
9.5 ± 1.45
t = 5.42 , p < 0.001
IAAS
T-test;
IntEMG (μV2)
Alpha EEG/EMG BFB in musicians; COST B27 Meeting, Swansea, UK, 2006
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Results:
Difference between Low and High IAPF groups in
baseline conditions
EEG and EMG response to
usual practice (30 min)
alpha-EEG/EMG BFB (30 min)
200
200
*
150
100
100
50
low IAPF
high IAPF
-50
-150
* *
50
0
-100
* *
150
* *
*
-200
0
-50
-100
*
-150
-200
power coh IAPF IABW IAAS IntEMG
power
coh
IAPF IABW IAAS IntEMG
Results: Correlations
IAPF
Technique
Creativity
IABW
IAAS
r=0.54;
p<0.002
r=-0.54;
p<0.000
r=0.55;
p<0.004
r=0.43;
p<0.002
Selfactualization
r=-0.71;
p<0.008
Sound quality
r=0.58;
p<0.000
EFC(%)
Musicality
IntEMG
r=0.49;
p<0.001
After two months…
Expert estimation
Alpha-EEG/EMG BFB
-50
low IAPF high IAPF
low IAPF high IAPF
creativity
-50
sound
quality
-30
musicality
-30
*
rhythm
-10
*
intonation
-10
creativity
10
sound
quality
10
musicality
30
rhythm
30
intonation
50
technique
50
technique
Usual practice
After two months…
Psychometric scores
In control group with
usual practice
50
40
30
20
10
0
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
*
State anxiety
Trait anxiety Selfactualization
low IAPF high IAPF
In experimental group
with Alpha-EEG/EMG BFB
50
40
30
20
10
0
-10
-20
-30
-40
-50
*
State anxiety
Trait anxiety
Selfactualization
low IAPF high IAPF
After two months…
EEG and EMG indices
In control group with
usual practice
100
In experimental group
with Alpha-EEG/EMG BFB
100
*
50
0
0
-50
-50
-100
-100
power
coh
IAPF
IABW IAAS IntEMG
low IAPF high IAPF
*
50
*
power
coh
IAPF
IABW
low IAPF high IAPF
IAAS IntEMG
Efficiency of the biofeedback
training
In control group with
usual practice
In experimental group
with Alpha-EEG/EMG BFB
30
30
25
25
20
15
*
*
20
15
10
10
5
5
0
0
1
**
*
**
3
5
7
9 11 13 15 17 19 21
low IAPF high IAPF
1
3
5
7
9 11 13 15 17 19 21
low IAPF high IAPF
Correlations:
Conclusions
Both, low and high IAPF group showed
improvement in the individual alpha and
EMG parameters after two months alpha
increasing and EMG decreasing
biofeedback training.
Alpha-EEG/ EMG BFB is efficient in
increasing voluntary self-control in
musicians during musical performance
Thank you for your attention
Olga M. Bazanova
,
Anna Kondratenko,
Oleg Kondratenko
Jeugenia Mernaya
Dejan Georgiev
Silvana Markovska –
Simoska,
Nada Pop-Jordanova.