PROTEIN SYNTHESIS NOTES
Download
Report
Transcript PROTEIN SYNTHESIS NOTES
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
NOTES #1
Review
What is transcription?
Copying of DNA onto mRNA
Where does transcription occur?
In the Nucleus
When copying DNA onto mRNA
there is no Thymine (T) instead
there is Uracil (U)
A – U; G – C
More Review
What is Translation?
The changing of mRNA into a
protein
Where does Translation occur?
In the Ribosome
What is a codon?
3 bases on mRNA
What is an anticodon?
3 bases on tRNA
Last of the Review
What type of RNA carries the amino
acids to the ribosomes?
tRNA
What is the start codon?
AUG
What are the stop codons?
UGA, UAA and UAG
Codon Wheel or Codon Chart
Each codon (3 bases on mRNA) codes
for a particular amino acid
You find which amino acid is coded for
by looking on one of the codon charts
Codon Wheel – start from the middle
and work your way out
Codon Chart – Start on the left side,
then the bottom (or top) and then the
right side
The Genetic Code (mRNA)
A
1st
Base in
Codon
G
Lysine
Lysine
Asparagine
Asparagine
Arginine
Arginine
Serine
Serine
Isoleucine
Methionine
Isoleucine
Isoleucine
Threonine
Threonine
Threonine
Threonine
A
G
U
C
Glutamic acid
Glutamic acid
Glycine
Glycine
Glycine
Glycine
Valine
Valine
Valine
Valine
Alanine
Alanine
Alanine
Alanine
A
G
U
C
‘Stop” codon
Tyrosine
Tyrosine
Tryptophan
Cysteine
Cysteine
Leucine
Leucine
Phenylalanine
Phenylalanine
Serine
Serine
Serine
Serine
A
G
U
C
Glutamine
Glutamine
Histidine
Histidine
Arginine
Arginine
Arginine
Arginine
Leucine
Leucine
Leucine
Leucine
Proline
Proline
Proline
Proline
A
G
U
C
A
G
U
C
Aspartic acid
Aspartic acid
“Stop” codon
“Stop” codon
U
C
2nd Base in Codon
3rd
Base in
Codon
Practice Using One of the
Codon Charts
If
the codon is GCC, what is the
amino acid?
Alanine
If the codon is UGG, what is the
amino acid?
Tryptophan
If the codon is AGU, what is the
amino acid?
Serine
More Practice Using One of the
Codon Charts
Can
you go backwards?
How many codons are there for
the amino acid proline?
4
Name
CCU,
Name
AGG,
the 4 codons for proline.
CCC, CCA, CCG
2 of the codons for arginine.
AGA, CGG, CGA, CGC, CGU
Protein Synthesis Practice
If
one side of the DNA strand
is:
TACACCGGTCCATTTACT
What is the complementary
(other) side of the DNA
strand?
ATGTGGCCAGGTAAATGA
Protein Synthesis Practice
Using
the original DNA
strand:
TACACCGGTCCATTTACT
Perform transcription – what
is the mRNA produced?
AUGUGGCCAGGUAAAUGA
Protein Synthesis Practice
Break
the mRNA into codons
(groups of 3):
AUGUGGCCAGGUAAAUGA
Perform Translation- what is
the protein produced?
Meth – Tryp – Pro – Gly – Lys (stop)
(start)
Another Protein Synthesis
Practice Problem
If
DNA is:
TACAATGCCAGTGGTTCGCACATT
What
is the mRNA?
AUGUUACGGUCACCAAGCGUGUAA
What
is the protein made?
Meth-Leu-Arg-Ser-Pro-Ser-Val (stop)