Transcript PowerPoint to accompany Medical Language for Modern

PowerPoint to accompany
Essentials of Medical Language 2e
Allan, Lockyer
Chapter 4:
The Skeletal System
The Essentials of the Language of
Orthopedics
McGraw-Hill
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The Skeletal System
Lesson 4.1:
Bones of the Skeletal System
4-2
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Skeletal System
• Health professionals treating
musculoskeletal problems:
– orthopedic surgeons
– osteopathic physicians
– chiropractors
– physical therapists and assistants
– orthopedic technologists and technicians
4-3
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Skeletal System
• Components of the skeletal system:
– bones
– cartilage
– tendons
– ligaments
• Functions
4-4
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Word Analysis and Definition
• Identify and define the suffixes of the
following terms:
– chiropractic
– chiropractor
– detoxification
– musculoskeletal
– orthopedist
– osteopathy
4-5
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Word Analysis and Definition
• Define the following words from Latin:
– cartilage
– ligament
– muscle
– tendon
• Define these abbreviations:
– MD
– DO
McGraw-Hill
4-6
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Skeletal System
• Structure of bones
– classification of bones
4-7
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Word Analysis and Definition
• Give adjective forms of the following
terms:
– cortex
cortical
– medulla
medullary
– periosteum
periosteal
4-8
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Skeletal System
• Diseases of the bone
© Dr. Michael Klein/Peter Arnold, Inc.
4-9
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Word Analysis and Definition
• Define these terms having a common root:
– osteogenesis
– osteomalacia
– osteomyelitis
– osteopenia
– osteoporosis
4-10
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Word Analysis and Definition
• Identify and define the suffixes from the
following terms:
– achondroplasia
– sarcoma
4-11
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Word Analysis and Definition
• Define the following abbreviations:
– BMD
– DEXA
– FDA
– IU
4-12
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Skeletal System
• Bone fractures
– types of fractures
– repairing fractures
4-13
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Word Analysis and Definition
• Describe the difference between a
nonunion and malunion of a fracture.
• Define the following abbreviation:
- Fx
4-14
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Word Analysis and Definition
•
Describe the differences in the following
fractures:
– closed vs. open fracture
– complete vs. incomplete
– pathologic vs. compression
4-15
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Word Analysis and Definition
• Describe the similarities and differences in
the following terms:
– osteocyte
– osteoblast
– osteoclast
– osteogenesis
4-16
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The Skeletal System
Lesson 4.2:
Axial Skeleton
4-17
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Axial Skeleton
• Structure of axial skeleton
– vertebral column
4-18
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Axial Skeleton
• Structure of axial skeleton
– vertebral column
1. vertebrae
2. intervertebral discs
3. spinal cord
4-19
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Word Analysis and Definition
• Define the term and write the adjective
form:
– sacrum
sacral
– spine
spinal
– vertebrae
vertebral
4-20
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Word Analysis and Definition
• How are the following terms related?
– kyphosis
– lordosis
– scoliosis
4-21
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Axial Skeleton
• The skull
– cranial
cavity
4-22
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Word Analysis and Definition
• Define the following words from Latin,
Greek, or French origin.
– cranium
– mandible
– maxilla
– vomer
– zygoma
4-23
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Word Analysis and Definition
• Identify and define the root from the
following terms:
– palatine
– parietal
– sphenoid
– temporal
– ethmoid
4-24
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Word Analysis and Definition
• Define the following abbreviations:
- C5
- C5-C6
- T12
- MRI
- TMJ
4-25
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The Skeletal System
• Lesson 4.3
• The Bones and Joints of the Shoulder
Girdle and Upper Limb
4-26
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Appendicular Skeleton, Joints,
and Bones
• Shoulder girdle and upper arm
4-27
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Appendicular Skeleton
Bones and Joints
• Shoulder girdle and upper arm
– common disorders of the shoulder
1. shoulder separation
2. shoulder dislocation
3. shoulder subluxation
4-28
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Word Analysis and Definition
• Identify and define the root elements for
the following terms:
– articulate
– dislocation
– pectoral
– subluxation
4-29
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Appendicular Skeleton
Bones and Joints
•
Upper arm and elbow joint
– common disorders of the elbow
1. tennis elbow
2. ligament strains
3. bone fractures
4-30
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Word Analysis and Definition
• Decompose the following terms into their
elements:
– biceps
– brachialis
– deltoid
– ulnar
– triceps brachii
4-31
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Appendicular Skeleton, Joints,
and Bones
• Wrist and hand
– bones
4-32
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Appendicular Skeleton, Joints,
and Bones
• Wrist and hand
– common disorders of the wrist
1. ganglion cyst
2. stenosing tenosynovitis
3. carpal tunnel syndrome
4. Colles fracture
4-33
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Appendicular Skeleton, Joints,
and Bones
• Wrist and hand
– common disorders of the hand
1. osteoarthritis (OA)
- Heberden nodes
2. rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
4-34
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Word Analysis and Definition
• Define the following root elements:
– arthr
– carp
– oste/o
– ten/o
– phalang/e
4-35
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Word Analysis and Definition
• Define the following Latin terms:
– dorsum
back
– thenar
palm
– phalanx
bone of finger or toe
4-36
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Word Analysis and Definition
• Identify the meaning of the following Greek
terms:
– cyst
– ganglion
– stenosis
4-37
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Word Analysis and Definition
• Define the following abbreviations:
– CTS
– OA
– RA
4-38
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The Appendicular Skeleton
Lesson 4.4
Pelvic Girdle and Lower Limb
4-39
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Appendicular Skeleton, Joints,
and Bones
• Pelvic girdle
– structure
– functions
1. Supports the axial skeleton.
2. Transmits the upper body’s weight through
to the lower limbs.
3. Provides attachments for the lower limbs.
4. Protects internal organs.
4-40
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Appendicular Skeleton, Joints,
and Bones
• Pelvic girdle
– disorders of the pelvic girdle
1. sacroiliac joint strain
2. diastasis symphysis pubis
4-41
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Word Analysis and Definition
• Define the term and write it in the adjective
form:
– femur
femoral
– pelvis
pelvic
– pubis
pubic
4-42
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Word Analysis and Definition
• Define the term and write it in the adjective
form:
– ischium
ischial
– sacrum
sacral
4-43
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Appendicular Skeleton, Joints,
and Bones
• Bones, joints, and muscles of the hip and
thigh
– disorders and injuries of the hip joint
1. hip pointer
2. osteoarthritis
3. rheumatoid arthritis
4. avascular necrosis
5. fractures
4-44
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Appendicular Skeleton, Joints,
and Bones
• The knee joint
– bones
1. femur
2. tibia
3. patella
4. fibula
4-45
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Appendicular Skeleton, Joints,
and Bones
• Bones and joints of the thigh and knee
joint
– Femur lower end
- Tibia flat upper end
- Patella (knee cap)
- fibula articulates with tibia
4-46
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Word Analysis and Definition
• Put the terms in correct anatomical order
from head to toe:
– tibia
– femur
– pubis
– fibula
– patella
4-47
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Word Analysis and Definition
• Define the term and write it in the plural
form:
– meniscus
menisci
– patella
patellae
4-48
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Appendicular Skeleton, Joints,
• The knee joint
– surgical procedures of
the knee
- arthrocentesis
- arthroscopy
-total knee replacement
© Charles McRae, M.D./Visuals Unlimited
4-49
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Word Analysis and Definition
• Identify and define the root and suffix of
the following terms:
– arthrocentesis
– arthrodesis
– arthrography
– arthroplasty
– arthroscopy
4-50
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Appendicular Skeleton. Lower
Limb
• Bones and joints of the lower leg, ankle,
and foot
– disorders of the ankle and foot
1. bunions
2. strains and sprains
3. Pott fracture
4-51
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Appendicular Skeleton, Joints,
and Bones
• Bones, joints, and ligaments of the lower
leg, ankle, and foot
– disorders of the ankle and foot
4. Achilles tendonitis
5. plantar fasciitis
6. clubfoot
4-52
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Word Analysis and Definition
• Give the common name of the following
medical terms:
– calcaneus
– talus
- tarsus
– metatarsus
- phalanges
4-53
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