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ENHANCING TEACHING AND LEARNING EXPLORING THE DIGITAL PHOTOGRAPHY FUNCTION OF MOBILE PHONES PRESENTED BY ELRITA GRIMSLEY July 7, 2015 OUTCOMES o Knowledge about: o Visual literacy o Application of digital photography via mobile phones to teaching and learning o Application of photovoice, photolanguage and photo journals o Ethical considerations INTRODUCTION • As visual text is silenced in education it is simultaneously exploited in the marketplace – Ali-Khan 2011:303 VISUAL LITERACY - Definition - described as the ability to find, interpret, evaluate, use and create images and visual data - A 21st century skill - Academic infancy - New generation of students TEACHING – Constructivist approach Students want to be active participants in their own learning – Engaged students – Using visuals in teaching results in a greater degree of learning POWER IN THE HANDS OF STUDENTS • Mobile phones – Readily available to students and lecturers – Simple portable tools that can be carried into as well as outside the classroom – Features • Digital photography • Audio recordings • Video recordings POWER IN THE HANDS OF STUDENTS • Digital photography - Students are familiar with this technology – Unexplored field in the classroom – Visual text may be able to extend students’ abilities to conduct enquiry and make learning their own – Engaged students – Simple technology • Take photo yourself • No development • Upload on computer • Easily incorporated into documents RESEARCH METHODOLOGY • Literature review • Three methods that had been explored through literature – Photovoice – Photolanguage – Photo journals ASSIGNMENTS – Students must be well informed – Limitations to the use of these methods: • Just make sure that every student has a mobile phone with a camera LIMITATIONS PHOTOVOICE • What is it? – Images teach – Document realities – Participatory research – Interactive – Improve dialogue PHOTOVOICE PHOTOVOICE • Examples of classroom applications: – What do you see here? – How does this relate to your life? – Why does this situation exist? – What can be done to improve the situation? PHOTOLANGUAGE • What is it? – Use preselected photographs – A picture can inspire a thousand words – Facilitate personal expression – Interaction in small groups PHOTOLANGUAGE PHOTOLANGUAGE • Examples of classroom applications: – A photograph is selected for the ability to promote thoughtful reflection within the viewer – Stimulate memory, emotions, imagination – A qualitative tool for data gathering PHOTO JOURNALS • What is it? – A collection of photographs representing an event PHOTO JOURNALS PHOTO JOURNALS • Examples of classroom applications: • Fieldtrips – compile a journal with reflection • Posters • Websites • Power Point presentations • Diaries ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS • • • • • • • “To photoshop” a new verb – misinterpretation of reality Permission for reproductions Sure there are other possibilities that can be Invasion of privacy explored to give life and excitement to teaching Informed consent and engaging students in a Moral rights Copyright Give credit to the source • Public places CONCLUSION • Literature review to explore the possibility of applying digital cameras in mobile phones as a tool in teaching and learning and to bring visual text to the classroom • Various methods came to light – Photovoice – Photolanguage – Photo journals CONCLUSION • The challenge of transforming print-centric higher education into a visually rich and dynamic community of creators and scholars is daunting • Please note that there are other possibilities that can be explored to give life and excitement to teaching and engaging students to enhance their visual literacy abilities • A challenge directed to you to apply these innovative visual methods in teaching and learning CONCLUSION “For anything to change, someone has to start acting differently “ -Chip Heath and Dan Heath LIST OF REFERENCES • • • • • • Ali-Khan, C. 2011. Seeing what we mean: visual knowledge and critical epistemology. International journal of qualitative studies in education 24(3):303322. Bessell, A.G.; Deese, W.B. & Medina, A.L. 2007. Photolanguage: How a picture can inspire a thousand words. American journal of evaluation 28:558-569. enGauge. N.d. 21st century skills for 21st century learners. http://www.metiri.com Dowloaded on 1 September 2011. Felten, P. 2008. Visual literacy. Change. Nov/Dec:60-63. Gourlay, L. 2010. Multimodality, visual methodologies and higher education. In New Approaches to Qualitative Research: Wisdom and uncertainty edited by M. Savin-Baden & C.H. Howell. London: Routledge. Janzen, K.J.; Perry, B.A. & Edwards, M. 2011. Becoming real: Using the artistic pedagogical technology of photovoice as a medium to becoming real to one another in the online educative environment. International journal of nursing scholarship 8(1):1-17. LIST OF REFERENCES • • • • • • Latham, A. & McCormack, D.P. 2007. Digital Photography and web-based assignments in an urban field course: Snapshots from Berlin. Journal of Geography in Higher Education 31(2):241-256. Metros, S.E. & Woolsey, K. 2006. Visual literacy: An institutional imperative. Educause May/June:80-81. Moran, M.J. & Tegano, D.W. 2005. Moving toward visual literacy: Photography as a language of teacher inquiry. Early Childhood research & practice 7(1):?. Prins, E. 2010. Participatory photography: A tool for empowerment or surveillance? Action research 8(4):426-443. Rivet, A. & Schneider, R. 2004. Exploring the role of digital photography to enhance student inquiry in a local ecosystem. Journal of Computers in Mathematics and Science Teaching 23(1):47-64. Stokes, S. 2001. Visual literacy in teaching and learning: A literature perspective. Electronic journal for the integration of teaching and technology in education 1(1):10-19. http://ejite.isu.edu/Volume1No1/pdfs/stokes.pdf Downloaded on 24 August 2011.