Transcript Document
Clean North Sea Shipping Assembly, Newcastle upon Tyne, June 9th 2011 Lars Christian Espenes, Senior Approval Engineer, The Norwegian Maritime Directorate 07.07.2015 1 The Norwegian Maritime Directorate • Main office in Haugesund • 17 stations along the coast • 3 welfare stations abroad Main duties • Flag State Control - Verify that our vessels conform with the Maritime Laws • Port State Control – Inspection of foreign vessels calling upon Norwegian ports • Audits of ship owners, RO etc Main duties • Issue certificates (vessel and crew) • Control of documents related to new buildings, re-building, registration to Norwegian flag • Take part during the development of new regulation (IMO) IMO – International Maritime Organization • United Nations specialized agency • Responsible for safety and security of shipping and the prevention of pollution by ships • All international regulations for shipping are developed within the IMO • Per April 2007; 167 member states IMO – Organization Assembly Council MSC committee Sub committees 6 MEPC committee Secretariat Legal committee Technical committee Facilitation - committee MEPC – Marine Environmental Protection Committee • IMO's senior technical body on marine pollution related matters • It is aided in its work by a number of specialized subcommittees – BLG (bulk, liquid and gases) – DSC (dangerous goods, solid cargos and containers) – +++ • Main convention is MARPOL MARPOL- The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships • Its technical content is laid out in six Annexes; – Annex I: Regulations for the Prevention of Pollution from oil – Annex II: Regulations for the control by Noxious Liquid Substances in bulk – Annex III: Regulations for the Prevention of Pollution by Harmful Substances Carried by Sea in Packaged Form – Annex IV: Regulations for the Prevention of Pollution by Sewage from Ships – Annex V: Regulations for the Prevention of Pollution by Garbage from Ships – Annex VI: Regulations for the Prevention of Air Pollution from Ships MARPOL Annex VI • Regulation 12 – Ozone Depleting Substances • Regulation 13 – Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) • Regulation 14 – Sulphur Oxides (SOx) and Particulate Matter • Regulation 15 – Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Regulation 13 - NOx • The revised MARPOL Annex VI entered into force 1 July 2010 • Tier I: ‘Existing’ NOx requirements: – Engines >130kW – Ships built from 1 January 2000 Regulation 13 - NOx • Tier II, 1 January 2011 – 15-20% below previous regulations • Tier III, 1 January 2016 – Only in Emission Control Area, ECA • North Sea area and the English Channel (SOx) • Baltic Sea area (SOx) • The North American Sea area (NOx, SOx) – ~ 80% below previous regulations Regulation 14 - SOx • General requirements to the fuel: – Sulphur content shall not exceed the following limits: • 4,50 % before 1 January 2012; • 3,50 % on and after 1 January 2012; and • 0,50 % on and after 1 January 2020 – Regulation 4 allows for equivalent solutions, e.g. scrubbers. Regulation 14 - SOx • Requirements within Emission Control Areas, ECA: – Sulphur content shall not exceed the following limits : • 1,00 % on and after 1 July 2010 • 0,10 % on and after 1 January 2015 • EU sulphur directive: – Maximum 0,1% sulphur in the fuel used at berth – Implemented into Norwegian regulations Nox tax and The Business Sector’s NOx Fund • • • • Environmental Agreement between – 14 business organizations and the Ministry of the Environment. Enterprises that sign the agreement will be exempt from paying NOx tax: – – Nox-fund: NOK 4/kg Nox Nox tax: NOK 15/kg NOx They will have to commit to reducing their NOx emissions Can apply for support from the fund The NOx fund is also supporting gas fuelled ships SOx 0.25 6 0.2 5 g /kWh g / kWh Particles 0.15 0.1 0.05 3 2 1 0 MDO - 1% S • 4 0 LNG MDO - 1% S PM emissions are almost removed • Sulpur emissions are almost removed NOx 600 12 500 10 400 8 g / kWh g / kWh CO2 300 200 6 4 2 100 0 0 MDO - 1% S • LNG LNG CO2 emissions are reduced with ~26% MDO - 1% S • LNG NOx emissions are reduced with 80-90% GHG work in the IMO • Marked based measures – Emission trading scheme? (similar to EU ETS) – Bunker levy? • Technical and operational measures: – Energy Efficiency Design Index, EEDI – Ship Energy Efficiency Management Plan, SEEMP EEDI (Energy Efficiency Design Index) • CO2 standard for new ships – All the major ship types are covered Tankers Dry bulk Container Etc – Will reduce all fuel based emissions (NOx, SOx and PM etc) • A possible adoption during MEPC 62 (July 2011) 20,00 Excluded 18,00 Grams per tonne*nm • • • • Tanker (>=400 gt, built 1998-2007, excl shuttle tankers and gas tankers) Included 16,00 14,00 -0,533 y = 1950,7x R2 = 0,9687 12,00 10,00 8,00 6,00 4,00 2,00 0,00 0 50 000 100 000 150 000 200 000 250 000 300 000 350 000 400 000 450 000 50 Dwt Development of the index • Principal: • Japan: MEPC 57/4/12 • Denmark: GHG-WG 1/2/1 • MEPC 58/4 • USA: MEPC 58/4/35 • MEPC 58/23 • MEPC.1/Circ.681 neff nPTI M neff M nME f j PMEi CFMEi SFCMEi PAE CFAE SFCAE * f j PPTI f eff PAEeff CFAE SFCAE f eff Peff CFMEi SFCMEi j 1 i 1 i 1 i 1 j 1 i 1 18 f i CapacityVref f w Reduction of Green House Gases (GHG) • IMO principle: – No more favourable treatment – Ensures a level playing field • Several delegations requires: – A common but differentiated responsiblity (Article 2.2 in the Kyoto protocol) – Developing countries does not want to have any regulations Environmental rating/indexing of ships • Several initatives: – ESI (Environmental Ship Index) – Clean shipping index – Carbon war room • ShippingEfficiency.org – IMOs – Energy Efficency operational indicator – Triple-E (DNV) – NMDs regulation for environmentally differentiated tonnage tax Environmentally differentiated tonnage tax Criteria NOx Requirement Emissions to air % below IMO requirementTier I SOx % below reference values CO2 Details in following slides Operational discharges to sea Treatment plant Incineration on board Sewage Garbage Sorting and compaction with delivery a shore Prevention of discharges in case of accidents Double hull around fuel tanks Max points 6 2 2 Fuel Only MGO or MDO are used and double hull around fuel tanks Reduced risk of running aground Only MGO or MDO are used and double hull around fuel tanks place as upper wing tanks, or only LNG are used as fuel Take me home device: Redundant machinery: Environmental factor (max 10): 21 Calculation of environmental score • NOx: % below IMO requirement Tier I n = rpm IMO NOx-requirement, Tier I For n ≥ 2000 rpm; K = 9,8 g/kWh For 130 ≤ n < 2000 K = 45 * n(-0,2) g/kWh For n <130 rpm; K = 17,0 g/kWh • SOx: Use of fuel: Reference At berth EU sulphur directive MARPOL Annex VI ECA Outside ECA Average international shipping Requirement in % 0,10 In use % 1,00 2,37 Sum: 3,47 22 Calculation of environmental score • CO2: Ships which will have to Ships which do not perform a comply with the coming EEDI transport work requirements EEDI X - EEOI X - SEEMP X X SFOC - X Alternative energy sources - X 23 Internseminar Statoil - Utslipp fra Skip 24 Thank you for your attention!