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Steven J. Korzeniewski, PhD-Candidate, MSc, MA, Director, Statistical Analysis Resource Group (SARG) & Chief Scientific Officer, 22670 Haggerty Rd Ste. 100, Farmington Hills, MI 48335 Telephone: (248) 465-7365, Email: [email protected] •Most US hospitals are unable to identify their patients that readmit to other hospitals. [Jencks SF, Williams MV, Coleman EA. Rehospitalizations Among Patients in the Medicare Fee-for-service Program. N Engl J Med. 2009;360:1418-1428.] •Hospitals lacking access to data on their patients that readmit elsewhere are unable to: Calculate their total readmission rates Investigate trends Evaluate performance •National interest in reporting is mounting, particularly following the recent and historic passage of healthcare reform legislation. CMS now reports risk standardized rates for selected conditions, but these represent a minority of overall readmissions An infrastructure capable of such reporting did not exist in Michigan, Until NOW…. Coordinate multi-payer data sharing to construct readmission profiles for Michigan hospitals and assist them in evaluating intervention effectiveness. Structure: Led by MPRO’s Statistical Analysis Resource Group Director, includes: -analysts from many of Michigan’s health plans -representatives from hospitals, universities and the Michigan Health & Hospital Association. -Dr. Stephen Jencks, IHI Consultant, participates at times as well. During bi-weekly meetings, the data workgroup has devised both a data extract procedure and readmissions reporting template. Data extract procedure Standardized program for pulling member-level data that defines and categorizes readmissions. Readmissions Reporting Template Presents a wealth of readmissions information within a single page layout. Health plans extract member-level data for all acute care admissions from their respective systems. Admissions are sorted sequentially and categorized as ‘at risk’ or ‘not at risk’ of readmission. Admissions not at risk of rehospitalization include: Transfers to another inpatient facility (i.e., rehabilitation, skilled nursing or hospice), those ending in a patient’s death or in the patient leaving the hospital against medical advice, and admissions occurring within 30 days of the end of the data period. Remaining admissions are considered at risk of readmission. Data Elements of Interest Unique Identification Number per Patient DRG (and contributing elements) Patient Zip Code Unique Identification Number per Admission Name of Hospital Principal ICD-9 Diagnosis Code Type of Bill Hospital NPI number Principal ICD-9 Procedure Code Admission Date Type of Admission Product Group (commercial or Medicaid/Medicare) Discharge Date Patient Gender Follow-up Care (inpatient/outpatient) Discharge Status Number Patient Age in Years Enrollment Date MSDRG (and contributing elements) Patient Date of Birth Disenrollment Date •Data are currently transmitted in summary form to MPRO whom aggregates the information to populate the final readmissions report template. The next slide depicts the 2008 calendar year data. Disseminated reports include technical specifications and a detailed narrative describing data accompanied in the report. Time Period: CY2008 Payers: HAP, Health Plus, Medicaid, Priority Health, Medicare, BCN, BCBSM See Data Definitions for Column Descriptions a b c d e f g Type of Index Discharges RA to the Same Hospital RA to a Different Hospital at Risk AGE GROUP Admission Reporting Template: PRODUCT Line N Adult Pediatric Commercial Post-neonatal Neonatal M S O M S O M S M S Total Adult Medicaid FFS (managed care data not shown for presentation purposes) Pediatric Post-neonatal Neonatal M S O M S O M S M S Total Medicare (FFS) Adult Total Total by Age Group Adult Pediatric Post-neonatal Neonatal Grand Total M S 81,735 84,878 41,667 11,260 3,537 547 3,173 878 24,935 386 252,996 64,017 18,513 31,200 7,039 1,296 1,151 2,472 355 31,498 73 157,614 280,012 117,311 398,836 737,544 26,378 7,365 58,481 829,768 N 8,659 4,480 997 774 181 20 196 52 286 26 15,671 5,234 1,013 940 1,406 131 35 233 51 347 5 9,395 45,250 9,797 55,419 78,696 2,591 553 702 82,542 % N 10.6% 5.3% 2.4% 6.9% 5.1% 3.7% 6.2% 5.9% 1.1% 6.7% 6.2% 8.2% 5.5% 3.0% 20.0% 10.1% 3.0% 9.4% 14.4% 1.1% 6.9% 6.0% 16.2% 8.4% 13.90% 10.7% 9.8% 7.5% 1.2% 9.9% % 2,844 1,123 174 194 32 6 58 24 149 10 4,614 2,134 317 203 104 13 13 86 11 403 5 3,289 11,657 2,712 14,573 21,884 369 183 581 23,017 h I RA to Any Hospital N 3.5% 1.3% 0.4% 1.7% 0.9% 1.1% 1.8% 2.7% 0.6% 2.6% 1.8% 3.3% 1.7% 0.7% 1.5% 1.0% 1.1% 3.5% 3.1% 1.3% 6.9% 2.1% 4.2% 2.3% 3.7% 3.0% 1.4% 2.5% 1.0% 2.8% 11,505 5,603 1,171 968 213 26 254 76 435 36 20,287 7,368 1,330 1,143 1,510 144 48 319 62 750 10 12,684 56,907 12,509 69,992 100,583 2,960 736 1,283 105,562 % 14.1% 6.6% 2.8% 8.6% 6.0% 4.8% 8.0% 8.7% 1.7% 9.3% 8.0% 11.5% 7.2% 3.7% 21.5% 11.1% 4.2% 12.9% 17.5% 2.4% 13.7% 8.1% 20.3% 10.7% 18.0% 13.6% 11.2% 10.0% 2.2% 8 12.7% Information Otherwise Unavailable Data Description These data are 30-day all-cause acute care readmissions by age and type of initial discharge. These rates are not adjusted or standardized in any way; accordingly, rates are not intended for comparison of different facilities. Calculated rates include both scheduled and unscheduled readmissions due to difficulties in defining and removing ‘scheduled’ readmissions. Discharges that did not result in transfer to another acute care facility are counted in column ‘c’ and constitute the denominator of the readmission rates listed in columns ‘e’, ‘g’ and ‘I’. Patients having left against medical advice are not excluded from these data because they are potential targets of quality improvement interventions; this is expected to have minimal impact, if any, on the reported rates. Same-day readmissions are counted as 30-day all-cause readmissions to ensure a broad view of potential qualitiy improvement opportunities is provided. Medicaid & Medicare eligible beneficiaries are reported by Medicaid. Above average numbers of patients having scheduled admissions within 30-days of discharge (i.e., certain types of cancer patients, patients with gastrointestinal disorders scheduled for surgery later, etc. ) will increase the readmission rates reported here. We are working towards refining our efforts to remove scheduled readmissions from future reports. Reporting Template: Brief Data Definitions (coloumn descriptions) - Expanded Definitions Available in 'Definitions Tab' Age at time of discharge: Neonatal: birth <= Age <1 month; Post-neonatal: 1 month <= Age < 1 year; a Pediatric:1 year <= Age < 18 years; Adult: 18 years <= Age. b Categorization of initial discharge following acute care admission; M=Medical, S=Surgical, O=Obstetric c Number of acute care discharges that were not transferred to other acute care centers & were not the result of the patient leaving against medical advice. d Number of acute care readmissions within 30-days of discharge where the patient was admitted to the hospital of discharge e Percent of acute care readmissions within 30-days of discharge where the patient was admitted to the hospital of discharge f Number of acute care readmissions within 30-days of discharge where the patient was admitted at a hospital other than the discharge hospital. g Percent of acute care readmissions within 30-days of discharge where the patient was admitted to a hospital other than the discharge hospital 9 h Total number of acute care readmissions within 30-days of discharge. • Pilot reports have been disseminated. •Plans are reporting aggregate data by calendar year quarter from 2006-2010 Initial reports due to be disseminated shortly will include a facility level crude trend analysis Statewide profiles will also be disseminated for comparative purposes • We are drafting data use agreements to facilitate claim-level data sharing • Most plans have verbally agreed to share these data, although full approval has yet to be received. Some have already processed letters of commitment to do so We are seeking external funding to engage the ReWaRD towards evaluation of existing and newly implemented MI STA*AR interventions given that no other data source in Michigan can support such analyses. 22670 Haggerty Road, Suite 100, Farmington Hills, MI 48335 ~ www.mpro.org ■ Allows for development of a comprehensive analytic file of virtually all readmissions in Michigan. ► Facilitates exploration of ♦ Risk standardization methods ♦ Methods of defining ‘preventable’ readmissions ♦ Evaluation of interventions (Provider and Payer level) 22670 Haggerty Road, Suite 100, Farmington Hills, MI 48335 ~ www.mpro.org •The Rehospitalization Workgroup for Reporting Data is a subcommittee tasked with facilitating multi-payer data sharing ■ While the original mission was to provide readmission reports to all Michigan hospitals, it is now expanding to include evaluation of readmission reduction initiatives through application of epidemiologic methods. •Barriers and other considerations include funding, HIPPA concerns, and data access issues. QUESTIONS? 22670 Haggerty Road, Suite 100, Farmington Hills, MI 48335 ~ www.mpro.org