Transcript A+ Guide to Managing and Maintaining Your PC, 5e

A+ Guide to Managing
and Maintaining Your PC
Fifth Edition
Chapter 4
Electricity and Power
Supplies
You Will Learn…
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How electricity is measured
How to protect your computer system against
damaging changes in electrical power
About different form factors and computer
cases
How to detect and correct power supply
problems
About Energy Star specifications
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Measures of Electricity
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AC and DC
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Alternating current (AC)
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Direct current (DC)
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Cycles back and forth
Economical
Travels in only one direction, from hot to ground
Required by most electronic devices
Computer power supply functions as both a
transformer and rectifier
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Computer Power Supply
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Hot, Neutral, and Ground
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Hot, Neutral, and Ground
(continued)
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Hot, Neutral, and Ground
(continued)
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Common Electrical Components
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Protecting Your Computer
System: General Precautions
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Make notes so you can backtrack
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Remove packing materials from work area
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Keep components away from hair and clothing
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Keep screws and spacers in an orderly place
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Don’t stack boards on top of each other
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Protecting Your Computer
System: General Precautions
(continued)
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Don’t touch chips on motherboard or
expansion cards
Don’t touch chip with magnetized screwdriver
Don’t change DIP switch settings with a
graphite pencil
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Protecting Your Computer
System: General Precautions
(continued)
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Have classroom instructor check your work
before putting cover on and powering up
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Turn off a computer before moving it
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Keep disks away from magnetic fields, heat,
and extreme cold
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Protecting Yourself Against
Electricity
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Turn off power and unplug computer
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Always use a ground bracelet
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Never touch inside of a computer while it is
turned on
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Never remove cover or put your hands inside
monitor or power supply
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Static Electricity (or ESD)
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Can cause catastrophic failure or upset failure
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Protection against ESD
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Ground bracelet or static strap
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Ground mats
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Static shielding bags
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Ground Bracelet
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Ground Bracelet with a Ground
Mat
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Static Shielding Bags
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EMI (Electromagnetic
Interference)
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Caused by magnetic field produced as side
effect when electricity flows
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Protection against EMI
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Cover expansion slots
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Do not place system close to or on same circuit as
high-powered electrical equipment
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Use line conditioners
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Surge Protection and Battery
Backup
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Surge suppressors
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Power conditioners
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Uninterruptible power supplies (UPSs)
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Uninterruptible Power Supplies
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Benefits
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Condition line for brownouts and spikes
Provide backup power during a blackout
Protect against very high potentially damaging
spikes
Considerations
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Cost
UPS rating
Degree of line conditioning
Warranty and service policies
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UPS
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The Computer Case and Form
Factors
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Form factor describes size, shape, and general
makeup of a hardware component
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Use same form factor for motherboard, case,
and power supply
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Decision driven by motherboard
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Case, Power Supply, and
Motherboard Form Factors
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AT
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ATX (most popular)
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LPX
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NLX
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Backplane systems
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AT and Baby AT Form
Factors
AT Form Factor
Baby AT Form Factor
Used on older motherboards
 Difficult to install, service,
and upgrade
 Uses two power connectors:
P8 and P9
 Problematic position of CPU
in relation to expansion slots
 No longer produced by most
manufacturers
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Industry standard from
1993-1997
 Small; fits into many types of
cases
 Problematic position of CPU
unresolved
 Drives/devices not close to
connections on motherboard
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AT Motherboard
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Power Connectors on AT and
ATX Boards
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ATX Form Factor
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Open, nonproprietary spec (Intel 1995)
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Easier to add and remove components
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Greater support for I/O devices and processor
technology
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Lower costs
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Improved positioning of components
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ATX Form Factor (continued)
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Smaller
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Uses one power connector: P1
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Soft switch feature
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Better air circulation
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Other types: Mini-ATX, MicroATX, FlexATX
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ATX Motherboard
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NLX Form Factor
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Other Form Factors
LPX and Mini-LPX
Backplane Systems
Riser card similar to
NLX systems
 Used in low-cost systems
 Difficult to upgrade
 Cannot handle size and
operating temperature of
processors
 Proprietary issues
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Not a true motherboard;
board sits against back of
proprietary case with
slots for other cards
 Active backplanes
 Passive backplanes
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Types of Cases
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Desktop cases
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Tower cases
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Minitower
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Midsize tower
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Full-size tower
Notebook cases
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Desktop Case
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Tower Case
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Tower and Desktop Cases
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Upgrading Your Power Supply
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Sometimes necessary when you add new
devices
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Easiest way to fix a power supply you suspect
is faulty is to replace it
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Introduction to Troubleshooting
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Isolate the problem
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Problems that prevent PC from booting
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Problems that occur after a successful boot
Learn as much as you can by asking questions
of user(s)
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PC Problem Solving
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Troubleshooting the Power
System: General Guidelines
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Any burnt parts or odors?
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Everything connected and turned on? Loose
cable connections? Computer plugged in?
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All switches turned on? Wall outlet good?
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If fan is not running, turn off computer:
Connections to power supply secure? Cards
securely seated?
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Troubleshooting the Power
System: General Guidelines
(continued)
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Check for correct wire connections to
motherboard
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Remove nonessential expansion cards one at a
time
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Vacuum entire unit
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Troubleshooting an ATX Power
Supply
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Troubleshooting the Power
System
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Power supply itself
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Power supply fan
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Power problems with the motherboard
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Overheating
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Preventing Overheating
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Preventing Overheating
(continued)
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Energy Star Systems
(The Green Star)
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Satisfy energy-conserving standards of the US
EPA
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Generally have a standby program that
switches device to sleep mode when not in use
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Apply to computers, monitors, printers,
copiers, and fax machines
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Power Management Methods
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Advanced Power Management (APM)
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AT Attachment (ATA) for IDE drives
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Display Power Management Signaling
(DPMS) standards for monitors and video
cards
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Advanced Configuration and Power Interface
(ACPI)
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Power Management Features
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Green timer on the motherboard
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Doze time
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Standby time
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Suspend time
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Hard drive standby time
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Power Management Setup
Screen
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Energy Star Monitors
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Most adhere to DPMS specifications
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Allow video card and monitor to go into sleep
mode simultaneously
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Changing Power Options
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Summary
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Measurements of electricity
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Form in which electricity comes to you as
house current
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The power supply, backup power sources, and
how to change a defective power supply
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Form factors
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How Energy Star saves energy
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